Nanoparticle News Review, 2008

Nanoparticle News Review, 2008

The scope of this report is broad and includes:

• An in-depth assessment of the investment patterns in the global nanotechnology industry
  
  
• Emerging technologies within the nanotech field
  
  
• Descriptions of the most active organizations within the industry and applications achievable within the next 5 years
  
  
• Recent commercial developments shaping activity within the industry
  
  
• Overviews of all editions of Nanoparticle News published in 2008.

CHAPTER ONE: OVERVIEW

PROGRESS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY

TABLE 1 NANOTECH INVESTMENTS REPORTED IN 2007

TABLE 2 NANOTECHNOLOGY DRIVEN PARTNERSHIPS, 2007

TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 3 EMERGING NANOTECHNOLOGY MARKET ACTIVITIES, 2007

TABLE 4 CARBON NANOTUBE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS, 2007

TABLE 5 SELECTED NANOMATERIAL PRODUCTS COMMERCIALIZED, 2007

TABLE 5 (CONTINUED)

MARKET ASSESSMENT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL NANOTECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007-2013

QUANTUM DOTS: TECHNICAL STATUS AND MARKET PROSPECTS

FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET GROWTH FOR QUANTUM DOTS IN PROMISING COMMERCIAL MARKET SECTORS, 2008-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

NEW FUNDING FOR TELECOMMUNICATION QD LASER PRODUCTS

FUNDING BOOSTS QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CELL PRODUCTS

NEWER CARBON NANOTUBES AND QUANTUM DOT PRODUCTS

NANOPARTICLE TARGETING CANCER

CHAPTER TWO: PROCESSING AND CHARACTERIZATION

NANO-LIMITS IN TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

TRANSMISSION NANOSCALE IMAGING DYNAMICS

IMAGES OF GRAPHENE

FIGURE 3 TEAM IMAGE OF GRAPHENE

Images of Graphene (Continued)

FABRICATION METHOD FOR GRAPHENE NANOELECTONICS

CARBON NANOTUBE-GRAPHENE COMPOSITE

FIGURE 4 CNT-GRAPHENE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

GRAPHENE BASED NANOELECTRONIC DEVICES

INSIGHTS INTO GRAPHENE’S PROPERTIES

FIGURE 5 GRAPHENE’S UNIQUE LATENT PROPERTIES

ELECTROWETTING IN NANOFLUIDS

FIGURE 6 NANOPARTICLES MODIFY ELECTROWETTING

COPPER NANORODS INCREASE BOILING EFFICIENCY

NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY ATTRACTS GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

HIGHER RESOLUTION IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

3D IMAGES OF COMMON VIRUS STRUCTURE

FIGURE 7 CRYO-EM IMAGE OF A COMMON VIRUS

3D TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IMAGING’S COMMERCIAL REALITY

TRUE COLOR ADDED TO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

FIGURE 8 STEM/ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY

NANOFIBERS AND 3D STRUCTURES

MORE APPLICATIONS OF NANOEMULSIONS

MEASURING NANOSCALE LIQUID VISCOSITY

FIGURE 9 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY LIQUID RHEOMETER

FIGURE 10 MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS OF QUANTUM DOTS

SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLE FOR BIOCHEMISTRY

FIGURE 11 LAB-ON-A-CHIP MICROFLUIDICS NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS

SELF-ASSEMBLY SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES

NANOPARTICLE COLLOIDAL STABILIZATION

MAGNETIC SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY

FIGURE 12 SEM OF POLYCRYSTALINE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

CONDUCTIVE NANONETS MAY IMPROVE WIRES

PROGRESS IN INSTRUMENTATION

HIGH-RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION MICROSCOPY CAPTURES FULLERENE GROWTH

CHEMICAL FORCE MICROSCOPY MEASURES CARBON NANOTUBE INTERACTIONS

PROCESS FOR NANOFIBER POLYMER COMPOSITES

LIQUID REPELLANT COATINGS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

SUPER WATER REPELLENT COATING

SUPER OIL REPELLENT COATING

CHAPTER THREE: ELECTRONICS, OPTICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS

HIGHER RESOLUION OPTICAL IMAGING

FIGURE 13 SCHEMATIC OF NANOWIRE METAMATERIAL

FIGURE 14 POROUS METAMATERIAL

SINGLE WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRONICS

CARBON NANOTUBE TRANSISTOR COATING PROCESS

GIANT NANOCAPACITOR MEMORY

CARBON NANOTUBE LOGIC CIRCUITS

NANOSCALE SWITCHABLE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

ORGANIC ELECTRONICS ON POLYMER SHEETS

NANOTUBES ON PAR WITH COPPER INTERCONNECTS

IMPRESSIVE DISPLAY DEMONSTRATIONS

IMPRESSIVE DISPLAY DEMONSTRATIONS (CONTINUED)

EASE OF FABRICATION FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

EASIER SORTING BRINGS NANOELECTRONICS CLOSER TO REALITY

FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS—CLOSER TO REALITY

FIGURE 15 FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS CREATED USING CARBON NANOTUBES

POLYMER-BASED LITHOGRAPHY IMPROVES DEVICE MINIATURIZATION

THEORY SUGGESTS NEW GENERATION OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

FIGURE 16 POSSIBLE NEW GENERATION OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

PHOTONIC CRYSTAL CREATES LOW POWER OPTICAL MEMORY

FIGURE 17 PHOTONIC CRYSTAL MEMORY: STRUCTURE OF NEW INGAASP PHOTONIC CRYSTAL DEVICE

PARTICLE SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESS AIDS OPTICAL MATERIALS

FIGURE 18 FABRICATION OF A NEAR PERFECT 2D COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL

MODEL TO UNDERSTANDING LASING WITHOUT INVERSION

ADVANCES IN CONVENTIONAL MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY

NANOSCALE DETAILS IN PHOTORESISTS

Nanoscale Details … (Continued)

FIGURE 19 SCHEMATIC OF THE PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY PROCESS

SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBES DIRECTED ASSEMBLY

AT SEMICONDUCTOR SWNT-BASED TRANSISTOR EVALUATED

SYNTHETIC DIAMOND DEVICE FABRICATION

VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES CREATE THE DARKEST MATERIAL

SILICON TRANSISTORS BENEFIT FROM QUANTUM SIZE EFFECTS

PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN METAMATERIALS

NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACTION

FIGURE 20 SCHEMATIC OF ARTIFICALLY STRUCTURED METAMATERIALS INDEX OF REFRACTION

Negative Index … (Continued)

3D GOLD PHOTONIC METAMATERIALS

FIGURE 21 3D GOLD PHOTONIC METAMATERIALS

NANOLASER PROMISES MEMORY CAPACITY BREAKTHROUGH

FIGURE 22 NANOLASER-BASED MEMORY SCANNING

PROCESS FOR FLEXIBLE SILICON ICS HERALDS NEW APPLICATIONS

FIGURE 23 PROCESS FOR FLEXIBLE SILICONICS HERALDS NEW APPLICATIONS

NANOWIRES KEY TO NEW GENERATION OF AMOLED DISPLAYS

MANIPULATING BLOCK COPOLYMERS

FIGURE 24 INDUCING ORDER IN POLYMER DISORDER

SEMI-TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE CNTS DEMONSTRATE TUNABLE COLOR

RISK ASSESSMENT OF MANUFACTURED CNTS

SYNTHESIZING MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES NATURALLY

FIGURE 25 BACTERIA INDUCE ORDER IN MAGNETIC NPS

MODEL PREDICTS DEFECT FREE NANOPARTICLE SELFASSEMBLY

MODEL PREDICTS DEFECT FREE …(CONTINUED)

CHAPTER FOUR: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

TUNGSTEN OXIDE NANOTUBES AS INDOOR PHOTOCATALYSTS

FIGURE 26 HIGH SURFACE AREA TUNGSTEN OXIDE NANOTUBES

FIGURE 27 PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT IRRADIATION

NANOFIBER-NP FABRICS TARGET TOXIC CHEMICAL PROTECTION

FIGURE 28 NYLON NANOFIBERS COATED WITH METAL NANOPARTICLES

RESEARCHING LOWER COST COPPER-INDIUM-GALLIUMSELENIDE SOLAR CELLS

RESEARCHING LOWER …(CONTINUED)

NANOSOLAR ACHIEVES HIGH CIGS THROUGHPUT

NANOMATERIALS PROMISE ENHANCED ENERGY HARVESTING

NANOPARTICLES MAY AID LARGE COOLING SYSTEMS

NANOPARTICLES MAY AID … (CONTINUED)

SURFACE TEXTURING IMPROVES SOLAR EFFICIENCY

NANOROD SYNTHESIS PROMISES THERMOELECTRICS IMPROVEMENTS

CNTS HYDROGEN STORAGE CAPACITY EXCEEDS DOE GOAL

KONARKA DEMONSTRATES INKJET PRINTED SOLAR CELLS

SAUDI’S AND IBM CREATE NT SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES CENTER

DIESEL EXHAUST PUTS NANOPARTICLES IN LUNGS

CLIMATE CHANGE AND CARBON CAPTURE

ENZYME-LADEN NANOPARTICLES SEQUESTER GREENHOUSE GASES

SYNTHETIC ZEOLITES OFFER CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE

RUBBING SHOULDERS WITH NANO- WIRES YIELDS PORTABLE POWER

CARBON AEROSOL NANOPARTICLES HELP IN CLIMATE FORECAST

EFFICIENT THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS

THERMOELECTRIC PERFORMANCE OF ROUGH SILICON NANOWIRES

FIGURE 29 THERMOELECTRIC MATERIAL COMPRISING ROUGH SILICON NANOWIRE ARRAYS

ENERGY-EFFICIENT RECTANGULAR SILICON NANOWIRES

NANOCATALYST AIDS HYDROGEN FUEL CELL EFFICIENCY

FIGURE 30 SCHEMATIC STRUCTURE FORMED BY SURROUNDING RU NANOPARTICLES

MESOPOROUS METAL OXIDES SYNTHESIS

FIGURE 31 NOVEL MESOPOROUS METAL OXIDE SYNTHESIS

WATER PROPERTIES DICTATE FATE OF NANOPARTICLES

NANOWIRE-POLYMER MAY BOOST SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCY

FIGURE 32 NOVEL NANOWIRE-POLYMER SOLAR CELL

CANADA INVESTS IN FUEL CELL INDUSTRY

RESEARCH ON HYDROGEN STORAGE IN NANOPARTICLES

FIGURE 33 SCHEMATIC DEPICTION OF H2 (GREEN) STORAGE

EFFICIENT SILICON NANOWIRE SOLAR CELL

RIT’S RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY BOOSTED

FLEXIBLE NANOANTENNAS AID SOLAR HARVESTING

FLEXIBLE NANOANTENNAS PROMISE

FIGURE 34 PLASTIC SHEET OF NANOANTENNA ARRAYS

CNT X-RAY SOURCE TO UNDERGO AIRPORT EXPLOSIVES SCREENING

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NANOPARTICLE VEHICLE EMISSIONS

FIGURE 35 IMPACT OF FREEWAY AIR POLLUTANT PARTICLES

PAINT NANOPARTICLES SCAVENGE POWER PLANT MERCURY EMISSIONS

HIGHER SURFACE AREA SHOULD BOOST SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCY

FIGURE 36 DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

CHAPTER FIVE: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DRUG DELIVERY

STRONG ANTIMICROBIAL COATINGS PROMISE WIDESPREAD USAGE

FIGURE 37 COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

NANO EMULSION VACCINES SHOW POTENTIAL

FIGURE 38 DISPERSION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONCONTAINING VACCINES

NOVEL CELL IMAGING FOR CANCER/DRUGS

QUANTUM DOTS IN FOOD CHAIN MAY NOT POSE HIGH RISK

FIGURE 39 QUANTUM DOTS IN FOOD CHAIN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

COLLOIDAL NANOPARTICLE SYSTEMS PROMISE ADVANCES IN NANOMEDICINE

SMALLER MAGNETIC NPS IMPROVE CANCER DETECTION

FIGURE 40 NEW SMALLER MAGNETIC NPS ENHANCE CANCER DETECTION

NANOPARTICLES IMAGE, TARGET, AND TREAT TUMORS

MASS-PRODUCTION OF TUNABLE MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

DENDRIMER-FUNCTIONALIZED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

POLYMER MICELLES PAVE WAY FOR CANCER TREATMENT

FIGURE 41 POLYMER MICELLE AIDS CANCER TREATMENT

NANOSUSPENSION FOR DELIVERY OF NON-SOLUBLE DRUGS

THE MICROFLUIDICS REACTION TECHNOLOGY PROCESS

FIGURE 42 PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION OF MICROFLUIDICS REACTION TECHNOLOGY

MRT EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

TABLE 6 CRYSTALLIZATION RESULTS USING MICROFLUIDICS REACTION TECHNOLOGY

NANOSUSPENSIONS DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP

MRT NANOSUSPENSION PROCESSING SUMMARY

TELOMERASE AND ITS POTENTIAL CANCER ROLE

IMAGING NANOPARTICLES REVEALS ADVERSE EFFECTS

POLYMER PEN LITHOGRAPHY

FIGURE 43 PRINTING VIA POLYMER PEN LITHOGRAPHY

NANOMATERIALS MAY IMPACT TOXICITY AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

QUANTUM DOTS AID GENE SILENCING IN LIVE HUMAN CELLS

FIGURE 44 LIVE CELL FLUORESCENT IMAGES

LIGHT ACTIVATED CNTS DESTROY ANTHRAX TOXIN

FIGURE 45 TEM IMAGES OF CNTS CONJUGATED WITH ANTHRAX TOXIN

TUMOR EMBEDDED CARBON NANOTUBES ENHANCE CANCER DESTRUCTION

ENHANCING IN VIVO IMAGING

QUANTUM RODS TRAVERSE THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

TARGETED PROBES FOR EFFICIENT TRANSMIGRATION

ASSAY SCREENING FOR NANOPARTICLE CYTOTOXICITY

DEVELOPMENTS IN BIONANOTECHNOLOGY

COMMERCIALIZATION OF NANOPORE DNA SEQUENCING

FIGURE 46 PROTEIN NANOPORE: SCHEMATIC

PROGRAMMABLE-SIZED DNA TUBES MAY AID NANOSCALE MANUFACTURING

DEVELOPMENTS IN LAYER-BY-LAYER TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENTS IN LAYER-… (CONTINUED)

TWO-PHOTON POROUS SILICON NPS ENHANCE CELL DETECTION

FIGURE 47 MONOLAYER- FUNCTIONALIZED POROUS NPS

CHAPTER SIX: CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES

BUCKYPAPER COMPOSITES ENABLED BY TUNABLE MECHANICS MODEL

FIGURE 48 ATOMIC FORCE MICROGRAPH

FIGURE 49 SCHEMATIC OF MODEL

CARBON NANOTUBE SYNTHESIS USING THEMOSET RESINS

NOVEL NANOPOWER STORAGE AIMS TO TAP NEW MARKET

BUCKYPAPER SUPERCAPACITOR SHOWS SIGNIFICANT STORAGE POTENTIAL

FIGURE 50 BUCKYPAPER-BASED (SWNT) POLYMER COMPOSITE

ELECTROWETTING KEEPS BATTERY GOING

THIN-FILM RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES

CARBON DIOXIDE -TO-FUEL PROTOTYPE

FIGURE 51 INEXPENSIVE BIOCATALYTIC CO2-TO-FUEL PROCESS

EUROPE COMMITS TO MAJOR FUEL CELL/H2 INITIATIVE

CARBON NANOTUBES-RUBBER COULD BE USED IN ROBOTIC SKINS AND E-DISPLAYS

FIGURE 52 RESEARCHER HOLDING A HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE ELASTIC SHEET

BIOGENIC AS-S NANOTUBES PROMISE GREEN ELECTRONICS

DENSE ARRAYS OF LONG CNTS CARBON NANOTUBES

FIGURE 53 GROWTH OF STRAIGHT, LONG, DENSE SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES

CENTRIFUGATION PROCESS SORTS CARBON NANOTUBES

FIGURE 54 SORTING CNTS BY LENGTH

GRAPHENE ENHANCES POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES

GRAPHENE ENHANCES POLYMER … (CONTINUED)

MICROELECTRODE PROCESS AIDS USE IN SENSORS AND FUEL CELLS

Microelectrode Process Aids … (Continued)

CHAPTER SEVEN: ADMINISTRATIVE WATCH

REGULATORY STAGE FOR NEXT ADMINISTRATION

BUDGET REQUEST REFLECTS STEADY GROWTH

CANADIAN NANOPRODUCTS STUDY

NNI UPDATES STRATEGIC PLAN

ENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS AND NT-BASED FUNDING

DIRECT CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY TO ELECTRICITY AND CHEMICAL FUELS

UNDERSTANDING OF HOW BIOLOGICAL FEEDSTOCKS ARE CONVERTED INTO PORTABLE FUELS

ADDRESSING FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE GAPS IN ENERGY STORAGE

TRANSFORMING ENERGY UTILIZATION AND TRANSMISSION

SCIENCE-BASED GEOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION

KOREAN GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS U.S. NANOCOMPOSITES RESEARCH

REPORT CHALLENGES COMMERCIAL PROLIFERATION OF NANOSILVER

NANO FORMS OF CARBON RAISE EU SAFETY CONCERNS

CNT MANUFACTURER RECEIVES EPA APPROVAL

CNT MANUFACTURER RECEIVES … (CONTINUED)

CHAPTER EIGHT: INDUSTRY NEWS

NANOPARTICLES MANUFACTURER MEETS NIOSH GUIDELINES

CONSORTIUM TARGETS OPTIMIZED NP DISPERSION PROCESS

OXONICA’S WOES DEEPEN FURTHER

NANOSAFE’S SAFE TESTED PRODUCT REGISTRY

FIGURE 55 NANOSAFE TESTED MARK

EU-FUNDED PROJECT TARGETS NTS PROS AND CONS

UC DAVIS LICENSES SOLAR KNOW-HOW TO Q1 NANOSYSTEMS

UNIDYM RAMPS UP CNT PRODUCTION TO MEET DEMAND

CHIP CHARACTERIZATION

NANOGRAPHENE PLATELET PRODUCTION SCALES UP

STRATEGIC ALLIANCE STRENGTHENS LIGHTWEIGHT PRODUCT PERFORMANCE

E-BEAM ON-A-CHIP MOVES TO PILOT COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION

GLOBAL ALLIANCE PROMISES IMPARTIALITY

CNT-BASED COMPOSITE FLIES HIGH IN FIRST AERIAL TESTS

FIRST COMMERCIAL BIOMEDICAL DENDRIMER PRODUCTS LAUNCHED

GRAPHITE NANOPLATELETS POTENTIAL

MICHIGAN STATE SCIENTISTS GET AWARD

METHOD FOR LARGE-SCALE GRAPHENE SHEETS

FIGURE 56 LARGE SCALE GRAPHENE SHEET

DIAMONDOIDS LAUNCHED FOR COATING APPLICATIONS

CONVENTIONAL TOP DOWN PUSHED TO NEXT LIMIT

CHAPTER NINE: BRIEFLY NOTED

APPLIED MATERIALS EXPANDS MANUFACTURING

NANOCOMP AWARDEDBODY ARMOR CONTRACT

FEI’S STRONG REVENUE GROWTH CONTINUES

IBM EARMARKS $1.5 BILLION NT INVESTMENT

MICROFLUIDICS APPOINTS NEW CTO

FEI LAUNCH EXTREME HIGH RESOLUTION SEM

HITACHI SHOWCASES STATE-OF-THE-ART SEM

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 NANOTECH INVESTMENTS REPORTED IN 2007

TABLE 2 NANOTECHNOLOGY DRIVEN PARTNERSHIPS, 2007

TABLE 3 EMERGING NANOTECHNOLOGY MARKET ACTIVITIES, 2007

TABLE 4 CARBON NANOTUBE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS, 2007

TABLE 5 SELECTED NANOMATERIAL PRODUCTS COMMERCIALIZED, 2007

TABLE 6 CRYSTALLIZATION RESULTS USING MICROFLUIDICS REACTION TECHNOLOGY

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL NANOTECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007-2013

FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET GROWTH FOR QUANTUM DOTS IN PROMISING COMMERCIAL MARKET SECTORS, 2008-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 3 TEAM IMAGE OF GRAPHENE

FIGURE 4 CNT-GRAPHENE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

FIGURE 5 GRAPHENE’S UNIQUE LATENT PROPERTIES

FIGURE 6 NANOPARTICLES MODIFY ELECTROWETTING

FIGURE 7 CRYO-EM IMAGE OF A COMMON VIRUS

FIGURE 8 STEM/ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY

FIGURE 9 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY LIQUID RHEOMETER

FIGURE 10 MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS OF QUANTUM DOTS

FIGURE 11 LAB-ON-A-CHIP MICROFLUIDICS NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS

FIGURE 12 SEM OF POLYCRYSTALINE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

FIGURE 13 SCHEMATIC OF NANOWIRE METAMATERIAL

FIGURE 14 POROUS METAMATERIAL

FIGURE 15 FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS CREATED USING CARBON NANOTUBES

FIGURE 16 POSSIBLE NEW GENERATION OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

FIGURE 17 PHOTONIC CRYSTAL MEMORY: STRUCTURE OF NEW INGAASP PHOTONIC CRYSTAL DEVICE

FIGURE 18 FABRICATION OF A NEAR PERFECT 2D COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL

FIGURE 19 SCHEMATIC OF THE PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY PROCESS

FIGURE 20 SCHEMATIC OF ARTIFICALLY STRUCTURED METAMATERIALS INDEX OF REFRACTION

FIGURE 21 3D GOLD PHOTONIC METAMATERIALS

FIGURE 22 NANOLASER-BASED MEMORY SCANNING

FIGURE 23 PROCESS FOR FLEXIBLE SILICONICS HERALDS NEW APPLICATIONS

FIGURE 24 INDUCING ORDER IN POLYMER DISORDER

FIGURE 25 BACTERIA INDUCE ORDER IN MAGNETIC NPS

FIGURE 26 HIGH SURFACE AREA TUNGSTEN OXIDE NANOTUBES

FIGURE 27 PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT IRRADIATION

FIGURE 28 NYLON NANOFIBERS COATED WITH METAL NANOPARTICLES

FIGURE 29 THERMOELECTRIC MATERIAL COMPRISING ROUGH SILICON NANOWIRE ARRAYS

FIGURE 30 SCHEMATIC STRUCTURE FORMED BY SURROUNDING RU NANOPARTICLES

FIGURE 31 NOVEL MESOPOROUS METAL OXIDE SYNTHESIS

FIGURE 32 NOVEL NANOWIRE-POLYMER SOLAR CELL

FIGURE 33 SCHEMATIC DEPICTION OF H2 (GREEN) STORAGE

FIGURE 34 PLASTIC SHEET OF NANOANTENNA ARRAYS

FIGURE 35 IMPACT OF FREEWAY AIR POLLUTANT PARTICLES

FIGURE 36 DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

FIGURE 37 COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

FIGURE 38 DISPERSION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION-CONTAINING VACCINES

FIGURE 39 QUANTUM DOTS IN FOOD CHAIN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

FIGURE 40 NEW SMALLER MAGNETIC NPS ENHANCE CANCER DETECTION

FIGURE 41 POLYMER MICELLE AIDS CANCER TREATMENT

FIGURE 42 PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION OF MICROFLUIDICS REACTION TECHNOLOGY

FIGURE 43 PRINTING VIA POLYMER PEN LITHOGRAPHY

FIGURE 44 LIVE CELL FLUORESCENT IMAGES

FIGURE 45 TEM IMAGES OF CNTS CONJUGATED WITH ANTHRAX TOXIN

FIGURE 46 PROTEIN NANOPORE: SCHEMATIC

FIGURE 47 MONOLAYER- FUNCTIONALIZED POROUS NPS

FIGURE 48 ATOMIC FORCE MICROGRAPH

FIGURE 49 SCHEMATIC OF MODEL

FIGURE 50 BUCKYPAPER-BASED (SWNT) POLYMER COMPOSITE

FIGURE 51 INEXPENSIVE BIOCATALYTIC CO2-TO-FUEL PROCESS

FIGURE 52 RESEARCHER HOLDING A HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE ELASTIC SHEET

FIGURE 53 GROWTH OF STRAIGHT, LONG, DENSE SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES

FIGURE 54 SORTING CNTS BY LENGTH

FIGURE 55 NANOSAFE TESTED MARK

FIGURE 56 LARGE SCALE GRAPHENE SHEET