INTRODUCTION
Compound semiconductors have captured the attention of researchers, semiconductor device makers, and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for several years on account of their superior physical and chemical attributes in relation to silicon, the mainstream semiconductor material. The greatest value that they bring to the table is that of variety and customization. It is not surprising that compound semiconductors are the prime ingredients of some of the most complex semiconductor components ever synthesized.
Compound semiconductors occupy important places in the scheme of the manufacturing of lasers, optical components, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), filters, mixers, power amplifiers, solar panels, and other devices. The advantages that compound semiconductors offer are higher operating speed, lower power consumption, lower noise, higher operating temperature, light emission/detection, and superior photovoltaic attributes compared to silicon. Additionally, these attributes change from compound to compound, offering considerable design flexibility.
On the flip side, the variety of compounds works unfavorably in terms of scale and consequent pricing. Considering that these materials are pitted against silicon, the most widely available material with the most refined and cost-efficient fabrication process, there is a real danger of the competition being rendered lop-sided in favor of silicon.
However, it is not entirely accurate to compare and confine compound semiconductors to the benchmarks set by silicon. Compound semiconductors have a distinct character of their own and they spawn several use-cases of application that can be catered to only by them. This report is an attempt to capture the value added by compound semiconductors to the larger semiconductor component industry. The value is assessed at two levels in the component manufacturing process: the material stage and the component stage. The report assesses the value of compound semiconductor material sold to component manufacturers as well as the value of the components manufactured by these companies. The focus of the report is on the component, which has a perfect balance in the unitary nature of its composition and the diverse nature of its application.
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
This study has the following goals and objectives:
Measuring and forecasting the global market size for compound semiconductor–based components in value (dollar sales) and volume (shipment sales) terms.
Breaking down the global compound semiconductor component market along the following individual components in value and volume terms: lasers and optical components; LEDs; radio frequency (RF) front end and power amplifier chipsets; and solar/ photovoltaic (PV) panels and cells.
Breaking down the market for individual compound semiconductor components along the following end applications in value and volume terms: telecommunications; instrumentation and scientific research; medicine; energy, defense, and surveillance; computing and entertainment; industrial and automotive; retail; and others.
Breaking down the market for individual compound semiconductor components along the following regions in value and volume terms: the Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); and Asia Pacific (APAC).
Breaking down the market for individual compound semiconductor components along the following compound semiconductor families in value and volume terms: binary II-VI, binary III-V, binary IV-IV, and others.
Breaking down the market for individual compound semiconductor components along relevant individual compound semiconductors in value terms.
Breaking down the market for individual compound semiconductor components along the following countries in value and volume terms: U.S., Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Spain, Russia, The Netherlands, Turkey, China, Japan, India, Indonesia, and South Korea.
Breaking down the market for compound semiconductor materials used in individual compound semiconductor components along the following compound semiconductor families in value terms: binary II-VI, binary III-V, binary IV-IV, and others.
Analyzing the stakeholder landscape in the compound semiconductor component value chain.
Analyzing the patenting activity involving compound semiconductor components.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
Compound semiconductors provide a welcome departure from the cut-throat cost-competitive scheme of silicon fabrication. It will not be out of place to mention that the bulk of innovation on the process and device front is driven by compound semiconductors and that they occupy a disproportionately large share of this activity. It is undisputable that compound semiconductors win hands down in terms of physical and chemical attributes over silicon. It is equally clear that silicon will continue to enjoy a substantial competitive advantage in terms of operating scale and availability for the foreseeable future.
This report aims to provide a quantitative point of view with regard to the tightrope traversed by compound semiconductors. The report tries to bring out the quantitative contribution of compound semiconductors to the components driven by them, in terms of plain bill of materials (BoMs). At the same time, the report examines the value added by compound semiconductors in qualitative terms.
Essentially, the report focuses on components, which can be easily quantified and whose physical attributes can be compared, contrasted, tracked and analyzed.
Each component has its own dynamics, benefits and challenges with respect to levels of adoption of compound semiconductors. On a larger note, each component has its own market momentum dictated by the health of the end-application verticals as well as relevant macroeconomic factors. When these aspects are mapped for individual countries, they produce a fascinating collage of local market conditions that add to the larger picture. This report provides a granular view of individual country markets in volume and value terms for 17 key nations spanning all global regions. There are several variables to be considered: preferred compounds, cost benefits of competing compounds, entry-level barriers, level of fragmentation, state of innovation, and attitude of governments in terms of support, as well as future avenues for market expansion. This report attempts to look at all of these factors and quantify their impact on the state of the demand for compound semiconductors and their components.
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
The report measures and forecasts the size of the market in current U.S. dollars as well as in millions of shipment units for components that contain compound semiconductors as primary parts. This report also measures and forecasts dollar sales of compound semiconductor materials from 2012 through 2017.
The report forecasts the market size for the following:
Individual compound semiconductor components such as lasers and optical components; LEDs; RF power amplifier and front-end chipsets; and solar/PV cells and panels. It should be noted that in solar panel shipments one square meter of the panel is considered to be a unit. It also should be noted that the component market sizes in this report do not reflect the total market for such components, but only those portions that contain compound semiconductors as primary parts.
The above forecasts are classified in terms of vertical end applications, geographical regions, compound semiconductor families, and countries on volume and value bases; in terms of value chain contributors on a value basis; and in terms of individual key compound semiconductors on a value basis.
Additionally, the report forecasts the sales of compound semiconductor family materials for each of the individual compound semiconductor components.
The Executive Summary provides a snapshot of key findings of the report.
The chapter on theory of compound semiconductors highlights important technology concepts behind compound semiconductors. It also introduces the reader to the various categories and types of compound semiconductor materials and components, as well as manufacturing and fabrication technologies.
The chapter on global markets for compound semiconductor components provides a thorough breakdown of the market for compound semiconductor materials and components. The breakdown focuses on the components that employ compound semiconductors as primary parts. This chapter also provides a comprehensive, quantitative view of the compound semiconductor material and component market.
The chapter on regional analysis for EMEA presents an overview of the region and the overall market metrics, followed by analyses of individual major countries such as Germany, France, U.K., Spain, Italy, Russia, the Netherlands and Turkey.
The chapter on stakeholders highlights stakeholder categories and analyzes the activities in this domain. It also clarifies where and how stakeholders fit in the larger picture.
The U.S. Patent Analysis chapter highlights the patenting activity underway in the area of compound semiconductor components. The chapter classifies the patents awarded according to categories such as LEDs, lasers and optical components, solar panels, and RF power amplifier and front-end chipsets.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
This report will be relevant to the following audiences:
Laser and optical component makers in order to analyze the market prospects for their offerings broken down by compound semiconductor families, individual compound semiconductor end applications, geographical regions, and key country markets.
LED makers in order to analyze the market prospects for their offerings broken down by compound semiconductor families, individual compound semiconductor end applications, geographical regions, and key country markets.
RF power amplifier and front end makers in order to analyze the market prospects for their offerings broken down by compound semiconductor families, individual compound semiconductor end applications, geographical regions, and key country markets.
Solar/PV panel and cell makers in order to analyze the market prospects for their offerings broken down by compound semiconductor families, individual compound semiconductor end applications, geographical regions, and key country markets.
Compound semiconductor material suppliers in order to identify the potential of their output across leading component industries in the semiconductor domain.
Original equipment manufacturers and other integrators to analyze the prospects of the compound semiconductor components employed by them in their devices, equipment and products.
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in this study. Industry experts were interviewed as primary sources; secondary sources included industry consortia, individual company financial statements, published opinions, and other published sources including technical dissertations.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Kaustubha Parkhi has worked in a broad range of functional roles with leading telecommunications operators and service providers such as Reliance Infocomm, Ramco Systems, and BPL Cellular. He has written on an array of telecommunications and electronics-related subjects based on his critical analysis of the underlying technology and its business impact. Kaustubha holds a Bachelor of Engineering (equivalent to a Bachelor of Science) in Electronics and Telecommunications and a Master of Business Administration in Systems.
Global Electronic Component And Semiconductor Industry
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2
SCOPE OF THE REPORT 2
INTENDED AUDIENCE 3
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 4
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 4
RELATED BCC REPORTS 4
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 4
DISCLAIMER 5
CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7
SUMMARY TABLE DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR
COMPONENTS, BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 7
SUMMARY FIGURE DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR
COMPONENTS, BY REGION, 2010-2017 ($ MILLIONS) 8
CHAPTER 3 THEORY OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 11
OVERVIEW 11
WHAT ARE SEMICONDUCTORS? 11
THE CHEMISTRY OF SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENTS 12
MECHANICS OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 13
LATTICE PARAMETER 14
BAND GAP ENGINEERING 14
HETEROSTRUCTURE AND HETEROJUNCTIONS 15
ADVANTAGES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 15
TABLE 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MAJOR COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
(COMPARED TO SILICON) 16
INTRODUCTION TO TYPES 16
GROUP III-V: NITRIDES, ANTIMONIDES, PHOSPHIDES AND ARSENIDES 16
TABLE 2 GROUP III-V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 17
Gallium Arsenide 17
Indium Phosphide 18
Gallium Nitride 18
GROUP II-VI: OXIDES, SULFIDES, SELENIDES AND TELLURIDES 18
TABLE 3 GROUP II-VI COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 18
Zinc Selenide 19
Cadmium Telluride 19
Cadmium Zinc Telluride 19
Mercury Cadmium Telluride 19
GROUP IV: SILICON-BASED COMPOUNDS AND ALLOYS 19
TABLE 4 GROUP IV COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 20
Silicon Germanium 20
Silicon Carbide 20
OTHERS 21
TABLE 5 OTHER COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 21
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES 21
SINGLE-CRYSTAL PRODUCTION 21
Czochralski (CZ) Method 22
Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) Method 22
Vertical Gradient Freeze (VGF) Method 22
WAFER MANUFACTURING 22
DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGIES 22
Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) 22
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) 23
CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR—BASED
COMPONENTS 25
OVERALL MARKET FORECASTS 26
REGIONAL BREAKDOWN 26
TABLE 6 SHIPMENT SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 26
END APPLICATIONS 27
TABLE 7 DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 27
TABLE 8 SHIPMENT SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 28
MATERIAL CATEGORY 29
TABLE 9 DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
MATERIAL CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 29
TABLE 10 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR GLOBAL
COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY MATERIAL CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017
($ MILLIONS)
30
COMPONENTS 31
TABLE 11 DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
COMPONENT, THROUGH 2017 31
TABLE 12 SHIPMENT SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS,
BY COMPONENT, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 32
TABLE 13 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR GLOBAL
COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS)
33
LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS 33
MARKET DYNAMICS 33
Regions 34
TABLE 14 DOLLAR SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY REGION, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 34
TABLE 15 SHIPMENT SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 34
End Applications 35
TABLE 16 DOLLAR SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY END APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 35
TABLE 17 SHIPMENT SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY END
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 36
Material Category 37
TABLE 18 DOLLAR SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY MATERIAL
CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 37
TABLE 19 DOLLAR SALES OF KEY INDIVIDUAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS FOR
LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 38
TABLE 20 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR LASERS AND
OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY MATERIAL CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 39
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 40
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF LASERS 40
POPULATION INVERSION 41
COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS IN LASER AND OPTICAL
COMPONENTS‘DIODE LASERS 41
Why Are Compound Semiconductors Preferred over Silicon? 42
Activation Methodologies of Diode Lasers 44
Changes in Diode Laser Operations 44
Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) 46
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) 47
MARKET DYNAMICS 47
Regions 48
TABLE 21 DOLLAR SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY REGION, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 48
TABLE 22 SHIPMENT SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY REGION, THROUGH
2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 48
End Applications 49
TABLE 23 DOLLAR SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY END APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 49
TABLE 24 SHIPMENT SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY END APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 50
Material Category 51
TABLE 25 DOLLAR SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY MATERIAL CATEGORY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 51
TABLE 26 DOLLAR SALES OF KEY INDIVIDUAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR
COMPONENTS FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS), THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 52
TABLE 27 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS), THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 53
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 54
Appealing Factors 54
COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS AND LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) 54
High-Brightness Light-Emitting Diode (HB LED) 55
RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIERS AND FRONT END CHIPSETS 55
MARKET DYNAMICS 55
Regions 55
TABLE 28 DOLLAR SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT
END CHIPSETS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 56
TABLE 29 SHIPMENT SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT
END CHIPSETS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 56
End Applications 57
TABLE 30 DOLLAR SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT
END CHIPSETS, BY END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 57
TABLE 31 SHIPMENT SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT
END CHIPSETS BY END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 58
Material Category 59
TABLE 32 DOLLAR SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT
END CHIPSETS BY MATERIAL CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 59
TABLE 33 DOLLAR SALES OF KEY INDIVIDUAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR
COMPONENTS FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT END
CHIPSETS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS)
60
TABLE 34 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR RADIO
FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT END CHIPSETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS)
61
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 61
OPERATING PRINCIPLE 62
ROLE PLAYED BY COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 62
SOLAR/PV PANELS 62
MARKET DYNAMICS 62
Regions 62
TABLE 35 DOLLAR SALES FOR SOLAR PANELS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 62
Feed-in Tariff (FIT)‘Tying Governments in Knots 63
TABLE 36 SHIPMENT SALES FOR SOLAR PANELS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS
OF SQ. METERS) 63
End Applications 64
TABLE 37 DOLLAR SALES FOR SOLAR PANELS, BY END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 64
TABLE 38 SHIPMENT SALES FOR SQUARE METER AREA OF SOLAR PANELS, BY END
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 65
Material Category 66
TABLE 39 DOLLAR SALES FOR SOLAR PANELS, BY SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 66
TABLE 40 DOLLAR SALES OF KEY INDIVIDUAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR
COMPONENTS FOR SOLAR PANELS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 67
TABLE 41 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL FOR SOLAR
PANELS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 68
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 68
Traditional Solar Cells 68
COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS AND SOLAR CELLS 69
Thin-Film Solar Cells 69
Multi-Junction Solar Cells 70
Concentrated Photovoltaic (PV) Cells 70
CHAPTER 5 REGIONAL ANALYSIS-EMEA 72
SNAPSHOT OF KEY COUNTRY MARKETS IN THE REGION 72
TABLE 42 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO MAJOR
COUNTRY MARKETS IN THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 72
TABLE 43 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO MAJOR
COUNTRY MARKETS IN THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 73
DETAILED MARKET METRICS 73
TABLE 44 SALES OF LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS TO THE EMEA REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLIONS OF UNITS) 74
TABLE 45 SALES OF LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) TO THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLIONS OF UNITS) 74
TABLE 46 SALES OF RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIERS AND FRONT END
CHIPSETS TO THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLIONS OF UNITS) 75
TABLE 47 SALES OF SOLAR PANELS TO THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS/MILLIONS OF UNITS) 76
MAJOR COUNTRY PROFILES 76
GERMANY 77
Quantitative Data 77
TABLE 48 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO GERMANY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 77
TABLE 49 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO
GERMANY, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 77
Macroeconomic Overview and Health of End-User Application Verticals 78
Market Dynamics for Lasers and Optical Components 78
Market Dynamics for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 79
Market Dynamics for Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers and Front End
Chipsets 79
Market Dynamics for Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 79
FRANCE 80
Quantitative Data 80
TABLE 50 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO FRANCE,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 80
TABLE 51 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO FRANCE,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 80
Macroeconomic Overview and Health of End-User Application Verticals 81
Market Dynamics for Lasers and Optical Components 81
Market Dynamics for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 81
Market Dynamics for Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers and Front End
Chipsets 82
Market Dynamics for Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 82
U.K. 82
Quantitative Data 82
TABLE 52 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO THE U.K.,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 83
TABLE 53 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO THE U.K.,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 83
Macroeconomic Overview and Health of End-User Application Verticals 83
Market Dynamics for Lasers and Optical Components 84
Market Dynamics for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 84
Market Dynamics for Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers and Front End
Chipsets 84
Market Dynamics for Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 85
ITALY 85
Quantitative Data 85
TABLE 54 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO ITALY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 85
TABLE 55 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO ITALY,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 86
Macroeconomic Overview and Health of End-User Application Verticals 86
Market Dynamics for Lasers and Optical Components 86
Market Dynamics for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 87
Market Dynamics for Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers and Front End
Chipsets 87
Market Dynamics for Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 87
RUSSIA 88
Quantitative Data 88
TABLE 56 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO RUSSIA,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 88
TABLE 57 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO RUSSIA,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 88
Macroeconomic Overview and Health of End-User Application Verticals 89
Market Dynamics for Lasers and Optical Components 89
Market Dynamics for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 89
Market Dynamics for Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers and Front End
Chipsets 90
Market Dynamics for Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 90
SPAIN 90
Quantitative Data 90
TABLE 58 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO SPAIN,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 91
TABLE 59 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO SPAIN,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 91
Macroeconomic Overview and Health of End-User Application Verticals 91
Market Dynamics for Lasers and Optical Components 92
Market Dynamics for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 92
Market Dynamics for Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers and Front End
Chipsets 92
Market Dynamics for Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 93
THE NETHERLANDS 93
Quantitative Data 93
TABLE 60 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO THE
NETHERLANDS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 93
TABLE 61 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO THE
NETHERLANDS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 94
Macroeconomic Overview and Health of End-User Application Verticals 94
Market Dynamics for Lasers and Optical Components 94
Market Dynamics for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 95
Market Dynamics for Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers and Front End
Chipsets 95
Market Dynamics for Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 95
TURKEY 95
Quantitative Data 95
TABLE 62 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO TURKEY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 96
TABLE 63 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO TURKEY,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 96
Macroeconomic Overview and Health of End-User Application Verticals 96
Market Dynamics for Lasers and Optical Components 97
Market Dynamics for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 97
Market Dynamics for Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers and Front End
Chipsets 97
Market Dynamics for Solar/Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 98
CHAPTER 6 MAJOR STAKEHOLDERS AND KEY COMPANIES 100
COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL SUPPLIERS 100
PROCESS SPECIALISTS 101
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) MAKERS 101
SOLAR/PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PANEL MAKERS 101
DIODE LASER AND OPTICAL COMPONENT MAKERS 102
RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) FRONT END AND POWER AMPLIFIER CHIPSET MAKERS 102
PROFILES OF KEY COMPANIES 103
II-VI INC 103
Introduction 103
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 103
Analysis and Prospects 104
AEROTECH INC. 104
Introduction 104
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 104
Analysis and Prospects 105
AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS INC. 105
Introduction 105
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 105
Analysis and Prospects 105
ALCATEL-LUCENT BELL LABS 106
Introduction 106
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 106
Analysis and Prospects 106
ANADIGICS 106
Introduction 107
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 107
Analysis and Prospects 107
APPLIED OPTRONICS 107
Introduction 107
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 108
Analysis and Prospects 108
BLUE SKY RESEARCH 108
Introduction 108
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 108
Analysis and Prospects 108
CREE INC. 109
Introduction 109
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 109
Analysis and Prospects 109
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTORS 109
Introduction 109
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 110
Analysis and Prospects 110
FIRST SOLAR 110
Introduction 110
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 110
Analysis and Prospects 111
FRANKFURT LASERS 111
Introduction 111
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 111
Analysis and Prospects 111
FREESCALE 112
Introduction 112
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 112
Analysis and Prospects 112
GE 112
Introduction 112
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 113
Analysis and Prospects 113
HITACHI CABLE 113
Introduction 113
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 113
Analysis and Prospects 114
HRL LABORATORIES 114
Introduction 114
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 114
Analysis and Prospects 114
IBM 115
Introduction 115
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 115
Analysis and Prospects 115
INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES 115
Introduction 115
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 116
Analysis and Prospects 116
JDS UNIPHASE CORP. 116
Introduction 116
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 116
Analysis and Prospects 116
NICHIA 117
Introduction 117
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 117
Analysis and Prospects 117
NXP SEMICONDUCTOR 117
Introduction 118
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 118
Analysis and Prospects 118
OCLARO 118
Introduction 118
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 118
Analysis and Prospects 119
OPTOGAN 119
Introduction 119
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 119
Analysis and Prospects 119
OSRAM 120
Introduction 120
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 120
Analysis and Prospects 120
QPC LASERS 120
Introduction 121
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 121
Analysis and Prospects 121
RADIO FREQUENCY MICRO DEVICES (RFMD) 121
Introduction 121
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 121
Analysis and Prospects 122
RAYTHEON 122
Introduction 122
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 122
Analysis and Prospects 122
SHARP 123
Introduction 123
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 123
Analysis and Prospects 123
SHOWA DENKO 123
Introduction 123
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 124
Analysis and Prospects 124
SKYWORKS 124
Introduction 124
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 124
Analysis and Prospects 124
SPECTROLAB (A SUBSIDIARY OF BOEING) 125
Introduction 125
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 125
Analysis and Prospects 125
SUMITOMO ELECTRIC DEVICE INNOVATIONS (SEDI) 125
Introduction 126
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 126
Analysis and Prospects 126
TOYODA GOSEI 126
Introduction 126
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 126
Analysis and Prospects 126
TRIQUINT 127
Introduction 127
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 127
Analysis and Prospects 127
TSMC 127
Introduction 127
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 128
Analysis and Prospects 128
XEROX PALO ALTO RESEARCH CENTER (PARC) 128
Introduction 128
Role in the Compound Semiconductor Value Chain 128
Analysis and Prospects 129
CHAPTER 7 U.S. PATENT ANALYSIS 131
INTRODUCTION 131
TRENDS BY FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES 132
TABLE 64 U.S. PATENTS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY PATENT CATEGORY, 1976
THROUGH MAY 2012 135
TRENDS BY YEAR 135
TABLE 65 U.S. PATENT TRENDS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY YEAR OF GRANT,
1976 THROUGH MAY 2012 (NUMBER OF PATENTS AWARDED) 135
TRENDS BY COUNTRY 136
TABLE 66 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY COUNTRY OF
GRANT, 1976 THROUGH MAY 2012 (%/NO.) 136
TRENDS BY ASSIGNEE 136
TABLE 67 LIST OF ASSIGNEES FOR THE U.S. PATENTS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS,
1976 THROUGH MAY 2012 137
TABLE 68 ASSIGNEES OF FOUR OR MORE U.S. PATENTS IN COMPOUND
SEMICONDUCTORS, 1976 THROUGH MAY 2012 139
LIST OF TABLES
SUMMARY TABLE DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR
COMPONENTS, BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 7
TABLE 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MAJOR COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
(COMPARED TO SILICON) 16
TABLE 2 GROUP III-V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 17
TABLE 3 GROUP II-VI COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 18
TABLE 4 GROUP IV COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 20
TABLE 5 OTHER COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 21
TABLE 6 SHIPMENT SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 26
TABLE 7 DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 27
TABLE 8 SHIPMENT SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 28
TABLE 9 DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
MATERIAL CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 29
TABLE 10 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR GLOBAL
COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY MATERIAL CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS)
30
TABLE 11 DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
COMPONENT, THROUGH 2017 31
TABLE 12 SHIPMENT SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY
COMPONENT, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 32
TABLE 13 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR GLOBAL
COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS, BY COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS)
33
TABLE 14 DOLLAR SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY REGION, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 34
TABLE 15 SHIPMENT SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 34
TABLE 16 DOLLAR SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY END APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 35
TABLE 17 SHIPMENT SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY END
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 36
TABLE 18 DOLLAR SALES FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY MATERIAL
CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 37
TABLE 19 DOLLAR SALES OF KEY INDIVIDUAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS FOR LASERS
AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 38
TABLE 20 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR LASERS AND
OPTICAL COMPONENTS, BY MATERIAL CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 39
TABLE 21 DOLLAR SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY REGION, THROUGH 2017
($ MILLIONS) 48
TABLE 22 SHIPMENT SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY REGION, THROUGH
2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 48
TABLE 23 DOLLAR SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY END APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 49
TABLE 24 SHIPMENT SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY END APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 50
TABLE 25 DOLLAR SALES FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) BY MATERIAL CATEGORY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 51
TABLE 26 DOLLAR SALES OF KEY INDIVIDUAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS
FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS), THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 52
TABLE 27 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS), THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 53
TABLE 28 DOLLAR SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT END
CHIPSETS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 56
TABLE 29 SHIPMENT SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT
END CHIPSETS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 56
TABLE 30 DOLLAR SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT END
CHIPSETS, BY END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 57
TABLE 31 SHIPMENT SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT
END CHIPSETS BY END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 58
TABLE 32 DOLLAR SALES FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT END
CHIPSETS BY MATERIAL CATEGORY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 59
TABLE 33 DOLLAR SALES OF KEY INDIVIDUAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS
FOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT END CHIPSETS, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS)
60
TABLE 34 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR RADIO
FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIER AND FRONT END CHIPSETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS)
61
TABLE 35 DOLLAR SALES FOR SOLAR PANELS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 62
TABLE 36 SHIPMENT SALES FOR SOLAR PANELS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF
SQ. METERS) 63
TABLE 37 DOLLAR SALES FOR SOLAR PANELS, BY END APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 64
TABLE 38 SHIPMENT SALES FOR SQUARE METER AREA OF SOLAR PANELS, BY END
APPLICATION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 65
TABLE 39 DOLLAR SALES FOR SOLAR PANELS, BY SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 66
TABLE 40 DOLLAR SALES OF KEY INDIVIDUAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS
FOR SOLAR PANELS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 67
TABLE 41 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL FOR SOLAR PANELS,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 68
TABLE 42 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO MAJOR
COUNTRY MARKETS IN THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 72
TABLE 43 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO MAJOR
COUNTRY MARKETS IN THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 73
TABLE 44 SALES OF LASERS AND OPTICAL COMPONENTS TO THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLIONS OF UNITS) 74
TABLE 45 SALES OF LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) TO THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLIONS OF UNITS) 74
TABLE 46 SALES OF RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) POWER AMPLIFIERS AND FRONT END
CHIPSETS TO THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLIONS OF UNITS) 75
TABLE 47 SALES OF SOLAR PANELS TO THE EMEA REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS/MILLIONS OF UNITS) 76
TABLE 48 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO GERMANY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 77
TABLE 49 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO GERMANY,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 77
TABLE 50 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO FRANCE,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 80
TABLE 51 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO FRANCE,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 80
TABLE 52 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO THE U.K.,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 83
TABLE 53 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO THE U.K.,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 83
TABLE 54 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO ITALY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 85
TABLE 55 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO ITALY,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 86
TABLE 56 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO RUSSIA,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 88
TABLE 57 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO RUSSIA,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 88
TABLE 58 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO SPAIN,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 91
TABLE 59 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO SPAIN,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 91
TABLE 60 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO THE
NETHERLANDS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 93
TABLE 61 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO THE
NETHERLANDS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 94
TABLE 62 DOLLAR SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO TURKEY,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 96
TABLE 63 SHIPMENT SALES OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS TO TURKEY,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF UNITS) 96
TABLE 64 U.S. PATENTS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY PATENT CATEGORY, 1976
THROUGH MAY 2012 135
TABLE 65 U.S. PATENT TRENDS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY YEAR OF GRANT,
1976 THROUGH MAY 2012 (NUMBER OF PATENTS AWARDED) 135
TABLE 66 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS BY COUNTRY OF
GRANT, 1976 THROUGH MAY 2012 (%/NO.) 136
TABLE 67 LIST OF ASSIGNEES FOR THE U.S. PATENTS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS,
1976 THROUGH MAY 2012 137
TABLE 68 ASSIGNEES OF FOUR OR MORE U.S. PATENTS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS,
1976 THROUGH MAY 2012 139
LIST OF FIGURES
SUMMARY FIGURE DOLLAR SALES FOR GLOBAL COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR
COMPONENTS, BY REGION, 2010-2017 ($ MILLIONS) 8
