Solid State Thin Film Battery: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, Nanotechnology, 2013 to 2019

• Publication date: January 2013
• Report size: 344 pages

Batteries are changing. Solid state batteries permit units to be miniaturized, standalone, and portable. Solid-state batteries have advantages in power and density: low-power draw and high-energy density. They have limitations in that there is difficulty getting high currents across solid–solid interfaces. Power delivery is different in solid state thin film batteries, – there is more power per given weight. The very small and ver...

Batteries are changing. Solid state batteries permit units to be miniaturized, standalone, and portable. Solid-state batteries have advantages in power and density: low-power draw and high-energy density. They have limitations in that there is difficulty getting high currents across solid–solid interfaces.

Power delivery is different in solid state thin film batteries, – there is more power per given weight. The very small and very thin size of solid state batteries helps to reduce the physical size of the sensor or device using the battery. Units can stay in the field longer. Solid state batteries can store harvested energy. When combined with energy harvesting solid state batteries can make a device stay in the field almost indefinitely, last longer, power sensors better.

Temperature is a factor with batteries. The solid state batteries work in a very broad range of temperatures, making them able to be used for ruggedized applications. Solid state batteries are ecofriendly. Compared with traditional batteries, solid state thin film batteries are less toxic to the environment.

Development trends are pointing toward integration and miniaturization. Many technologies have progressed down the curve, but traditional batteries have not kept pace. The technology adoption of solid state batteries has implications to the chip grid. One key implication is a drive to integrate intelligent rechargeable energy storage into the chip grid. In order to achieve this requirement, a new product technology has been embraced: Solid state rechargeable energy storage devices are far more useful than non-rechargeable devices.

Thin film battery market driving forces include creating business inflection by delivering technology that supports entirely new capabilities. Sensor networks are creating demand for thin film solid state devices. Vendors doubled revenue and almost tripled production volume from first quarter. Multiple customers are moving into production with innovative products after successful trials.

A solid state battery electrolyte is a solid, not porous liquid. The solid is denser than liquid, contributing to the higher energy density. Charging is complex. In an energy-harvesting application, where the discharge is only a little and then there is a trickle back up, the number of recharge cycles goes way up. The cycles increase by the inverse of the depth of discharge. Long shelf life is a benefit of being a solid state battery. The fact that the battery housing does not need to deal with gases and vapors as a part of the charging/discharging process is another advantage.

According to IBM, the world continues to get “smaller” and “flatter.” Being connected holds new potential: the planet is becoming smarter because sensors let us manage the environment. Intelligence is being infused into the way the world works.

Sensor networks are being built as sensors are integrated into the systems, processes and infrastructure that comprise surroundings. These sensor networks enable physical goods to be developed, manufactured, bought and sold with more controls than were ever available before.
That sensor network allows services to be delivered. Sensors facilitate the movement of everything from money and oil to water and electrons in a controlled environment. That is positioned to help millions of people work and live in a middleclass lifestyle.

How is this possible? The world is becoming interconnected. The world is becoming instrumented. Sensors are being embedded everywhere: in cars, appliances, cameras, roads, pipelines. Sensors work in medicine and livestock management.

Systems and objects can “speak” to each other in machine to machine networks. Think of a trillion connected and intelligent things, and the oceans of data they will produce, this is the future.

Nanostructured or nano-enabled batteries are a new generation of lithium-ion batteries and battery systems to serve applications and markets. Nano-enabled batteries employ technology at the nano-scale, a scale of minuscule particles that measure less than 100 nanometers, or 100x10-9 meters.

Traditional lithium-ion (Li-Ion) technology uses active materials, such as lithium cobalt-oxide or lithium iron phosphate, with particles that range in size between 5 and 20 micrometers. Nano-engineering improves many of the failings of present battery technology. Re-charging time and battery memory are important aspects of nano-structures. Researching battery micro- and nanostructure is a whole new approach that is only just beginning to be explored.

Industrial production of nano batteries requires production of the electrode coatings in large batches so that large numbers of cells can be produced from the same material. Manufacturers using nano materials in their chemistry had to develop unique mixing and handling technologies.

The efficiency and power output of each transducer varies according to transducer design, construction, material, operating temperature, as well as the input power available and the impedance matching at the transducer output.

Cymbet millimeter scale solid state battery applications are evolving. In the case of the Intra-Ocular Pressure Monitor, it is desirable to place microelectronic systems in very small spaces. Advances in ultra-low power Integrated Circuits, MEMS sensors and Solid State Batteries are making these systems a reality. Miniature wireless sensors, data loggers and computers can be embedded in hundreds of applications and millions of locations.

Various power factors have impinged on the advancement and development of micro devices. Power density, cell weight, battery life and form factor all have proven significant and cumbersome when considered for micro applications. Markets for solid state thin-film batteries at $65.9 million in 2012 are anticipated to reach $5.95 billion by 2019. Market growth is a result of the implementation of a connected world of sensors.

Global Electronic Component And Semiconductor Industry

Table of Contents

Solid State Battery Executive Summary
SOLID STATE THIN FILM BATTERY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1

Advantages of Solid State Batteries ES-1
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces ES-3
Improvements In Wireless Sensor Technologies Have Opened
Up New Solid State Battery Markets ES-5
Nanotechnology and Solid State Batteries ES-5
Solid State Battery Market Shares ES-6
Solid State Thin-Film Battery (TFB) Market Forecasts ES-8

Solid State Battery Market Description and Market Dynamics
1. SOLID STATE THIN FILM BATTERY

MARKET DESCRIPTION AND MARKET DYNAMICS 1-1
1.1 World Economy Undergoing A Transformation 1-1
1.1.1 Global Economic Conditions: 1-2
1.1.2 Global Economy Becomes Steadily More Sluggish 1-3
1.1.3 Global Economic Conditions Impact Markets 1-5
1.2 Smarter Computing Depends on Solid State Thin Film Batteries 1-7
1.2.1 Intelligent Systems: The Next Era of IT Leverages
Solid State
Thin Film Batteries 1-8
1.2.2 Cloud and Virtualization from IBM WebSphere 1-10
1.3 Solid State Thin Film Battery Target Markets 1-11
1.3.1 Permanent Power for Wireless Sensors 1-12
1.4 Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries 1-13
1.5 Integrated Energy Storage 1-14
1.5.1 Pervasive Power 1-16
1.6 Reducing Grid Energy Losses 1-16

Solid State Battery Market Shares and Market Forecasts
2. SOLID STATE THIN FILM BATTERY MARKET SHARES AND MARKET FORECASTS 2-1

2.1 Advantages of Solid State Batteries 2-1
2.1.1 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces 2-3
2.1.2 Improvements In Wireless Sensor Technologies
Have Opened Up New Solid State Battery Markets 2-5
2.1.3 Nanotechnology and Solid State Batteries 2-5
2.2 Solid State Battery Market Shares 2-6
2.2.1 Cymbet 2-9
2.2.2 Cymbet EnerChip 2-10
2.2.3 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY 2-10
2.2.4 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Leader Analysis 2-11
2.3 Solid State Thin-Film Battery (TFB) Market Forecasts 2-12
2.3.1 Solid State Battery Market Forecast Analysis 2-14
2.3.2 IBM Smarter Planet 2-23
2.4 Applications for Solid State Thin Film Battery Battery 2-25
2.4.1 Cymbet Millimeter Scale Applications 2-29
2.4.2 Cymbet Ultra Low Power Management Applications 2-30
2.4.3 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Segment Analysis 2-31
2.4.4 Embedded Systems Need Solid State Batteries 2-35
2.4.5 Energy Harvesting 2-36
2.4.6 Near Field Communication (NFC) Transactions 2-38
2.5 Battery Market 2-39
2.6 Wireless Sensor Market 2-42
2.6.1 Benefits Of Energy Harvesting 2-43
2.6.2 Solid-State Battery Advantages 2-44
2.6.3 Comparison of Battery Performances 2-46
2.7 Solid State Thin Film Battery Price and Installed Base Analysis 2-47
2.8 Solid State Thin Film Battery Regional Analysis 2-49

Solid State Battery Product Description
3. SOLID STATE THIN FILM BATTERY PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 3-1

3.1 Cymbet Solid State Batteries (SSB) 3-1
3.1.1 Cymbet Solid State Batteries (SSB) Eco-Friendly Features 3-1
3.1.2 Cymbet EnerChip Bare Die Solid State Batteries are
Verified Non-cytotoxic 3-2
3.1.3 Cymbet EnerChip Solid State Battery Fabrication 3-3
3.1.4 Cymbet Embedded Energy Concepts For Micro-
Power Chip Design 3-3
3.1.5 Cymbet Embedded Energy Silicon Substrate Architecture 3-4
3.1.6 Cymbet Pervasive Power Architecture 3-5
3.1.7 Cymbet Cross Power Grid Similarities and Point of
Load Power Management 3-7
3.1.8 Cymbet Solid State Rechargeable Energy Storage Devices 3-10
3.1.9 Cymbet Integrated Energy Storage for Point of Load
Power Delivery 3-12
3.1.10 Cymbet Energy Processors and Solid State Batteries 3-15
3.1.11 Cymbet Millimeter Scale 3-16
3.1.12 Cymbet Millimeter Scale Energy Harvesting EH
Powered Sensors 3-18
3.1.13 Cymbet Building Millimeter Scale EH-based Computers 3-22
3.1.14 Cymbet Designing and Deploying Millimeter Scale Sensors 3-24
3.1.15 Cymbet Permanent Power Using Solid State
Rechargeable Batteries 3-24
3.1.16 Cymbet Ultra Low Power Management 3-25
3.1.17 Cymbet EH Wireless Sensor Components 3-26
3.2 Infinite Power Solutions 3-28
3.2.1 Infinite Power Solutions THINERGY MECs from IPS 3-30
3.2.2 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC225 Device: 3-31
3.2.3 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC220 3-32
3.2.4 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC201 3-35
3.2.5 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Thinergy® MEC202 3-36
3.2.6 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Recharging THINERGY
Micro-Energy Cells 3-49
3.2.7 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY Charging Methods 3-49
3.2.8 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Battery Technology For
Smart Phones 3-51
3.2.9 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) High-Capacity Cells for
Smart Phones 3-52
3.2.10 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) 4v Solid-State Battery
Ceramic Technology With Energy Density >1,000wh/L 3-52
3.2.11 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) All-Solid-State HEC Technology 3-54
3.3 Excelatron 3-55
3.3.1 Excelatron Current State of the Art For Thin Film Batteries 3-55
3.3.2 High Temperature Performance of Excellatron Thin
Film Batteries 3-57
3.3.3 Excelatron Solid State Battery Long Cycle Life 3-63
3.3.4 Excelatron Discharge Capacities & Profiles 3-65
3.3.5 Excellatron Polymer Film Substrate for Thin Flexible Profile 3-66
3.3.6 Excelatron High Power & Energy Density, Specific
Power & Energy 3-68
3.3.7 Excellatron High Rate Capability 3-69
3.3.8 Excellatron High Capacity Thin Film Batteries 3-70
3.4 NEC 3-73
3.4.1 Toyota 3-74

Solid State Battery Technology
4. SOLID STATE THIN FILM BATTERY TECHNOLOGY 4-1

4.1 Technologies For Manufacture Of Solid State Thin Film Batteries 4-1
4.2 Cymbet EnerChip™ Solid State Battery Charges 10 Chips
Connected In Parallel 4-1
4.2.1 Cymbet EnerChip Provides Drop-in Solar Energy Harvesting 4-5
4.2.2 Cymbet Wireless Building Automation 4-7
4.2.3 Cymbet Solutions: Industry transition to low power IC chips 4-8
4.2.4 Cymbet Manufacturing Sites 4-10
4.2.5 Cymbet Energy Harvesting Evaluation Kit 4-11
4.2.6 EnerChip Products are RoHS Compliant 4-12
4.2.7 Cymbet Safe to Transport Aboard Aircraft 4-13
4.3 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Ceramics 4-17
4.3.1 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Lithium Cobalt
Oxide (LiCoO2) Cathode and a Li-Metal Anode Technology 4-18
4.3.2 Infinite Power Solutions Technology Uses Lithium 4-24
4.3.3 IPS Thin, Flexible Battery Smaller Than A Backstage Laminate 4-25
4.3.4 IPS Higher-Density Solid-State Battery Technology 4-26
4.4 NEC Technology For Lithium-Ion Batteries 4-27
4.4.1 NEC Using Nickel In Replacement Of A Material 4-27
4.4.2 NEC Changed The Solvent Of The Electrolyte Solution 4-28
4.5 Air Batteries: Lithium Ions Convert Oxygen Into Lithium Peroxide 4-30
4.6 Nanotechnology and Solid State Thin Film Batteries 4-30
4.6.1 MIT Solid State Thin Film Battery Research 4-32
4.6.2 ORNL Scientists Reveal Battery Behavior At The Nanoscale 4-36
4.6.3 Rice University and Lockheed Martin Scientists
Discovered Way To Use Silicon To Increase Capacity Of
Lithium-Ion Batteries 4-41
4.6.4 Rice University50 Microns Battery 4-43
4.6.5 Next Generation Of Specialized Nanotechnology 4-44
4.6.6 Nanotechnology 4-45
4.6.7 Components Of A Battery 4-45
4.6.8 Impact Of Nanotechnology 4-49
4.6.9 Nanotechnology Engineering Method 4-49
4.6.10 Why Gold Nanoparticles Are More Precious Than Pretty Gold 4-51
4.6.11 Silicon Nanoplate Strategy For Batteries 4-55
4.6.12 Graphene Electrodes Developed for Supercapacitors 4-58
4.6.13 Nanoscale Materials for High Performance Batteries 4-60
4.7 John Bates Patent: Thin Film Battery and Method for Making Same 4-61
4.7.1 J. B. Bates,a N. J. Dudney, B. Neudecker, A. Ueda, and
C. D. Evans Thin-Film Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries 4-62
4.8 MEMS Applications 4-64
4.8.1 MEMS Pressure Sensors 4-64
4.9 c-Si Manufacturing Developments 4-66
4.9.1 Wafers 4-66
4.9.2 Texturization 4-66
4.9.3 Emitter Formation 4-66
4.9.4 Metallization 4-67
4.9.5 Automation, Statistical Process Control (SPC),
Advanced Process Control (APC) 4-68
4.9.6 Achieving Well-controlled Processes 4-68
4.9.7 Incremental Improvements 4-69
4.10 Transition Metal Oxides, MnO 4-70
4.11 Battery Cell Construction 4-73
4.11.1 Lithium Ion Cells Optimized For Capacity 4-74
4.11.2 Flat Plate Electrodes 4-75
4.11.3 Spiral Wound Electrodes 4-75
4.11.4 Multiple Electrode Cells 4-76
4.11.5 Fuel Cell Bipolar Configuration 4-76
4.11.6 Electrode Interconnections 4-77
4.11.7 Sealed Cells and Recombinant Cells 4-77
4.11.8 Battery Cell Casing 4-78
4.11.9 Button Cells and Coin Cells 4-80
4.11.10 Pouch Cells 4-80


4.11.11 Prismatic Cells 4-81
4.12 Naming Standards For Cell Identification 4-81
4.12.1 High Power And Energy Density 4-82
4.12.2 High Rate Capability 4-82
4.13 Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery Performance 4-83
4.14 Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte 4-86
4.14.1 Challenges in Battery and Battery System Design 4-87
4.15 Types of Batteries 4-90
4.15.1 Lead-Acid Batteries 4-90
4.15.2 Nickel-Based Batteries 4-91
4.15.3 Conventional Lithium-ion Technologies 4-91
4.15.4 Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries 4-92
4.15.5 Thin Film Battery Solid State Energy Storage 4-93
4.15.6 Ultra Capacitors 4-93
4.15.7 Fuel Cells 4-94
4.16 Battery Safety / Potential Hazards 4-94
4.16.1 Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction 4-94
4.16.2 Battery Is Electrochemical Device 4-96
4.16.3 Battery Depends On Chemical Energy 4-97
4.16.4 Characteristics Of Battery Cells 4-97

Solid State Battery Company Profiles
5 SOLID STATE THIN FILM BATTERY COMPANY PROFILES 5-1

5.1 Balsara Research Group, UC Berkley 5-1
5.2 Cymbet 5-6
5.2.1 Cymbet Customer/Partner TI 5-14
5.2.2 Cymbet EH Building Automation 5-19
5.2.3 Cymbet Semi Passive RF Tag Applications 5-21
5.2.4 Cymbet Enerchips Environmental Regulation Compliance 5-22
5.2.5 Cymbet Investors 5-24
5.2.6 Cymbet Investors 5-25
5.2.7 Cymbet Distribution 5-28
5.2.8 Cymbet Authorized Resellers 5-31
5.2.9 Cymbet Private Equity Financing 5-34
5.3 Johnson Research & Development / Excellatron 5-35
5.3.1 Characteristics of Excellatron Batteries: 5-36
5.3.2 Excellatron Thin Film Solid State Battery Applications 5-39
5.3.3 Excellatron Strategic Relationships 5-40
5.4 Infinite Power Solutions 5-42
5.4.1 IPS THINERGY MECs 5-42
5.4.2 Infinite Power Solutions Breakthrough Battery Technology 5-43
5.4.3 IPS Targets Smart Phone Batteries 5-44
5.5 MIT Solid State Battery Research 5-45
5.5.1 When Discharging, Special Lithium Air Batteries Draw In Some Lithium Ions To Convert Oxygen Into Lithium Peroxide 5-47
5.6 NEC 5-49
5.6.1 NEC IT Services Business 5-50
5.6.2 NEC Platform Business 5-50
5.6.3 NEC Carrier Network Business 5-51
5.6.4 NEC Social Infrastructure Business 5-51
5.6.5 NEC Personal Solutions Business 5-51
5.7 Planar Energy Devices 5-52
5.8 Seeo 5-52
5.8.1 Seeo Investors 5-53
5.9 Toyota 5-54
5.10 Watchdata Technologies 5-56



List of Tables and Figures

Solid State Battery Executive Summary

Table ES-1 ES-2
Solid-State Battery Advantages and Disadvantages
Table ES-2 ES-4
Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces
Figure ES-3 ES-7
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shares, Dollars,
First Three Quarters 2012
Figure ES-4 ES-9
Solid State Thin Film Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Solid State Battery Market Description and Market Dynamics

Table 1-1 1-11
Thin Film Battery Target Markets
Table 1-2 1-11
Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries
Figure 1-3 1-15
Energy Storage and Generation for Wireless Sensor Network
Figure 1-4 1-17
Energy Information Administration and Energy Loss Presentation

Solid State Battery Market Shares and Market Forecasts

Table 2-1 2-2
Solid-state battery Advantages and Disadvantages
Table 2-2 2-4
Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces
Figure 2-3 2-7
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shares, Dollars, First
Three Quarters 2012
Table 2-4 2-8
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shares, Dollars,
Worldwide, First Three Quarters 2012
Figure 2-5 2-13
Solid State Thin Film Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019
Table 2-6 2-14
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Application Forecasts,
Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-7 2-16
Solid State Thin Film Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide,
2013-2019
Table 2-8 2-18
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Forecasts Units and Dollars,
Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-8 2-19
Small Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shipments Forecasts
Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-9 2-20
Mid-Size Solid State Thin Film Battery, Market Forecasts
Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-10 2-21
Small Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Forecasts, Units,
Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-11 2-22
Mid-Size Solid State Thin Film Market Forecasts, Units,
Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-12 2-24
IBM Smarter Planet: Trillions of Interconnected Sensors
Figure 2-13 2-25
Cymbet Energy Harvesting (EH) Building Automation
Figure 2-14 2-26
Cymbet Energy Harvesting (EH) Medical Applications
Figure 2-15 2-27
Cymbet Semi Passive RF Tag Applications
Figure 2-16 2-28
RF Charging and Comms – TI and Cymbet
Figure 2-17 2-30
Cymbet Millimeter Scale Applications
Figure 2-18 2-32
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Segments, Dollars,
Worldwide, 2012
Figure 2-19 2-33
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Segments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2019
Table 2-20 2-34
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Application Forecasts
Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-21 2-35
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Application Forecasts
Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-22 2-37
Cymbet Energy Harvesting Applications
Table 2-23 2-46
Excelatron Comparison of Battery Performances
Table 2-24 2-48
Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Installed Base
Forecasts Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019
Figure 2-25 2-50
Solid State Thin Film Battery Regional Market Segments, 2012
Table 2-26 2-51
Solid State Thin Film Battery Regional Market Segments, 2012

Solid State Battery Product Description

Table 3-1 3-2
EnerChip device Eco-Friendly Attributes:
Table 3-2 3-4
Cymbet Embedded Energy And The Advantages Of Point Of Load
Energy Delivery Functions
Table 3-3 3-5
Cymbet Solid State Energy Storage Devices And IC
Table 3-4 3-6
Cymbet Pervasive Power Architecture Advantages
Table 3-5 3-6
Cymbet Pervasive Power architecture Embedded Energy Advantages
Table 3-6 3-7
Cymbet Cross Power Grid Functions
Table 3-7 3-8
Cymbet Point of Load Power-On-Chip Benefits
Table 3-8 3-9
Cymbet Assessment of Chip Grid Trends
Figure 3-9 3-11
Cymbet Solid State Rechargeable Energy Storage Devices
Figure 3-10 3-12
Cymbet Rechargeable Solid State Energy bare die Co-Packaged
Side-By Side With An IC:
Figure 3-11 3-13
Rechargeable Solid State Energy bare die Co-packaged in
“wedding cake” die stack:
Figure 3-12 3-13
Cymbet Rechargeable Solid State Energy bare die in System on Chip module:
Figure 3-13 3-14
Solid State Energy Storage Built On Silicon Wafer Solder
Attached To The Circuit Board Surface
Figure 3-14 3-14
Solid State Energy Storage Silicon Wafer Solder Attached To The
Circuit Board Surface
Figure 3-15 3-17
Cymbet Millimeter Scale Applications
Figure 3-16 3-19
Cymbet Millimeter-Sized Solar Energy Harvesting Sensor
Sits On A Solid State Rechargeable Energy Storage Device
Figure 3-17 3-20
Cymbet Millimeter Scale Computer Wireless Sensor Photo On US
Penny for Size Reference
Figure 3-18 3-21
EnerChip 1uAh Battery On US Dollar For Size Reference
Figure 3-19 3-23
Cymbet Millimeter Scale EH-based Computer IOPM Layers Block Diagram
Figure 3-20 3-27
Cymbet Wireless Sensor IOPM Block Diagram
Table 3-21 3-28
Cymbet Intra Ocular Pressure Sensor IOPM basic elements:
Figure 3-22 3-29
Infinite Power Solutions Thinergy MEC201
Figure 3-23 3-31
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC225
Table 3-24 3-32
Device: THINERGY MEC225 Specifications
Figure 3-25 3-33
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Device: THINERGY MEC220
Table 3-26 3-34
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC220 Specifications
Figure 3-27 3-35
Device: THINERGY MEC201
Table 3-28 3-36
Device: THINERGY MEC201
Figure 3-29 3-37
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY® MEC202
Table 3-30 3-38
Device: Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202
Table 3-31 3-39
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Features
Table 3-32 3-40
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Applications
Table 3-33 3-41
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Benefits
Figure 3-34 3-42
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Typical Discharge
Curves @25°C (1.7 mAh Standard Grade Cell)
Figure 3-35 3-43
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Typical Discharge
Curves @25°C (1.7 mAh Performance Grade Cell)
Figure 3-36 3-44
Typical Maximum Current vs. Temperature —All Capacity Options
Figure 3-37 3-45
Typical Charge Curve @ 25°C — All Capacity Options
Figure 3-38 3-46
OCV as a Function of State of Charge at 25°C
Table 3-39 3-47
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Functions
Table 3-40 3-50
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY Charging Methods
Table 3-41 3-50
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY Energy Harvesting Charging Methods
Figure 3-42 3-56
Excelatron Schematic Cross Section Of A Thin Film Solid-State Battery
Figure 3-43 3-58
Charge/discharge profile of Excellatron's thin film battery at 25ºC.
Figure 3-44 3-59
Charge/discharge profile of Excellatron's thin film battery at 150ºC.
Figure 3-45 3-60
High temperature (150ºC) charge and Discharge Capacity As A
Function Of Cycle Number For A Thin Film Battery.
Figure 3-46 3-61
Excelatron Capacity And Resistance
Figure 3-47 3-62
Excelatron High Rate Pulse Discharge
Figure 3-48 3-63
Excelatron High Rate Pulse Discharge
Figure 3-49 3-64
Excelatron Long Term Cyclability of a Thin Film Solid State Battery
Figure 3-50 3-65
Excelatron Long Term Cyclability Of A Thin Film Battery Thicker Cathode
Figure 3-51: 3-66
Excelatron Discharge Capacity
Figure 3-52 3-67
Excelatron Thin film Batteries Deposited On A Thin Polymer Substrate
Figure 3- 53 3-68
Excelatron Rechargeable Thin Film Solid State Battery Thickness
Table 3-54 3-69
Excelatron Comparison of Battery Performances
Table 3-55 3-71
Excellatron High Capacity Thin Film Batteries
Figure 3-56 3-72
Excellatron Voltage And Current Profile of a 10 mAh Battery Characteristics
Figure 3-57 3-73
NEC High Voltage, Long Life Manganese Lithium-Ion Battery

Solid State Battery Technology

Figure 4-1 4-2
Cymbet EnerChip CC Smart Solid State Batteries Functional DIagram
Table 4-2 4-4
Cymbet EnerChip Single Chip Ups Provides Many Advantages For
Electronics Designers:
Figure 4-3 4-6
Cymbet Energy Processor for Max Peak Power 6
Figure 4-4 4-7
Cymbet Energy Harvesting Building Automation 7
Table 4-5 4-8
Cymbet Solutions Areas 8
Figure 4-6 4-11
Cymbet Energy Harvesting Evaluation Kit 11
Table 4-7 4-14
Cymbet Products Offered by Digi-Key 14
Table 4-8 4-17
Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Technology and Chemistry 17
Figure 4-9 4-23
IPS THINERGY MECs 23
Table 4-10 4-31
Thin Film Battery Unique Properties 31
Figure 4-11 4-33
Solid-State Lithium-Air Battery (Highlighted In Orange) 33
Figure 4-12 4-36
Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory Battery Behavior At The Nanoscale 36
Figure 4-13 4-40
Rice Researchers Advanced Lithium-Ion Technique has Microscopic Pores That Dot A Silicon Wafer 40
Figure 4-14 4-43
Rice University50 Microns Battery 43
Figure 4-15 4-48
Discharge of a Lithium Battery 48
Figure 4-16 4-52
Nanoparticle Illustration 52
Figure 4-17 4-55
Silver Nanoplates Decorated With Silver Oxy Salt Nanoparticles
Figure 4-17a 4-57
Graphene Molecular Illustration
(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)
Figure 4-18 4-61
John Bates Patent: Thin Film Battery and Method for Making Same
Table 4-19 4-67
Approaches to Selective Emitter (SE) Technologies
Figure 4-20 4-72
XRD Patterns of MnO Thin Films
Table 4-21 4-80
Comparison Of Battery Performances
Table 4-22 4-81
Common Household-Battery Sizes, Shape, and Dimensions
Table 4-23 4-85
Thin Films For Advanced Batteries
Table 4-24 4-86
Thin Film Batteries Technology Aspects
Table 4-25 4-87
Solid State Thin Film Battery Applications
Figure 4-26 4-88
Design Alternatives of Thin Film Rechargable Batteries
Table 4-27 4-89
Challenges in Battery and Battery System Design
Figure 4-28 4-96
Typical Structure Of A Thin Film Solid State Battery
Table 4-30 4-99
Characteristics Of Battery Cells

Solid State Battery Company Profiles

Figure 5-1 5-3
Balsara Research Group Transported Material and Transporting Medium
Table 5-2 5-4
Balsara Research Group Collaborators:
Table 5-3 5-5
Balsara Research Group Funding Sources
Table 5-4 5-7
Cymbet Supporting Technologies
Table 5-5 5-9
Cymbet Smart Energy
Figure 5-6 5-10
Cymbet Industry Trends and Storage Solutions Alignment
Table 5-7 5-11
Cymbet Addresses Energy Storage Requirements for New Products
Figure 5-8 5-12
Key Battery Characteristics
Figure 5-9 5-13
Cymbet Solid State Batteries – Wafer to PCB
Table 5-10 5-14
Cymbet Customers
Table 5-11 5-16
Cymbet / TI EnerChip Key Benefits
Table 5-12 5-17
Cymbet / TI EnerChip Key Features
Figure 5-13 5-18
RF Charging and Comms – TI and Cymbet
Figure 5-14 5-19
Cymbet EH Building Automation
Figure 5-15 5-21
Cymbet Semi Passive RF Tag Applications
Figure 5-16 5-22
Cymbet Enerchips Environmental Regulation Compliance
Table 5-17 5-23
Cymbet Solid State Energy Storage Innovation
Figure 5-18 5-24
Cymbet Strategic Investors
Figure 5-19 5-25
Cymbet Investors
Figure 5-20 5-28
Cymbet Distribution Partners
Figure 5-21 5-29
Cymbet Distributors
Table 5-22 5-32
Cymbet Authorized Resellers
Figure 5-23 5-33
Cymbet Industry Awards and Recognition
Table 5-24 5-37
Characteristics of Excellatron Batteries
Table 5-25 5-38
Technology of Excellatron Batteries
Table 5-26 5-40
Excellatron Achievements:
Table 5-27 5-41
Excellatron Strategic Relationships
Figure 5-28 5-46
Solid-State Lithium-Air Battery (Highlighted In Orange)
Figure 5-29 5-55
Toyota Thin Film Battery