Keywords : microfluidics, Nanosensor, microfluidic chip, biosensor, biosystem
REPORT SCOPE INTRODUCTION Microfluidics is a set of technologies that deal with the movement of small amounts of fluid. The field has been developing for more than two decades, but most of the early development, while intense, was in isolated modules. More recently, scientists have been putting the pieces together into systems, leading to new applications and rapid market growth. STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES...
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REPORT SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Microfluidics is a set of technologies that deal with the movement of small amounts of fluid. The field has been developing for more than two decades, but most of the early development, while intense, was in isolated modules. More recently, scientists have been putting the pieces together into systems, leading to new applications and rapid market growth.
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
This report covers the major markets and applications for microfluidics-based products and technologies. The current state of the market as defined is assessed, and projections for growth and advancements in technology along with market trends are detailed.
The major objectives of this report are:
• To provide a thorough evaluation of the technical and business environment surrounding the emerging microfluidic systems market.
• To review the technologies, the related sub-technologies and alternative technologies in light of the emerging needs of the relevant markets.
• To examine the current and potential applications of microfluidic technologies and assess their importance in the context of emerging market paradigms.
• To describe the spectrum of microfluidics-related products currently on the market and in development.
• To provide an overview of the current microfluidics market in terms of scale and competitive structure.
• To assess the future of the microfluidics market in terms of growth potential for various product and application segments.
• To examine the trends that will shape the future of microfluidics technologies and markets, and to examine their impacts.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
BCC published its last survey of the microfluidics industry in 2006. Since then, microfluidics products and applications on the market and under development have grown and diversified rapidly.
In addition to the resulting business opportunities, microfluidics is a key enabler of micro-synthesis, micro-separations and labs-on-a-chip. It is expected that microfluidics will continue to revolutionize the fields of chemistry and biology, speed the development of new drugs and methods for administering them, and improve the cost/performance ratio of computers and other electronic devices, to name but a few of the possibilities. Thus, BCC believes that the time is right to re-examine this important market.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
The report is intended especially for entrepreneurs, investors, venture capitalists and other readers with a need to know where the microfluidics market is headed in the next five years. Other readers who should find the report particularly valuable include MEMS marketing executives and government officials associated with the National Nanotechnology Initiative and other state-level programs to promote the development of the nanotechnology injury. The report’s findings and conclusions should also be of interest to the broader nanotechnology community.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
This report addresses the global market for microfluidics devices and applications, from 2011 (base year) through 2017. Microfluidic devices are defined, in general terms, as devices that handle very small (e.g., micro- or nanoliter) volumes of fluids.
The study format includes the following major elements:
• Executive summary.
• Definitions.
• Microfluidic components and systems.
• Microfluidic fabrication technologies
• Major end-user markets and applications.
• Global microfluidic market trends, 2011–2017.
• Industry structure, market shares and ownership trends.
• Factors that will influence the long-term development of microfluidic technologies.
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
Projecting the market for emerging technologies such as microfluidic technologies, whose commercial potential has not yet been proven, is a challenging task. This report uses a multi-phase approach to identify the technologies with the greatest commercial potential and quantify the market for these applications, as described below.
In the first phase of the analysis, we identified a “long list” of microfluidic technologies (including technologies that are still under development) and mapped them against potential applications and end-user industries, such as life sciences research, drug discovery and medical diagnostics.
In the second phase, we eliminated those technologies that appear to have little likelihood of making it into commercial production in the next five years, through a literature review and statements by industry sources. The result of phase two was a “short list” of technologies and applications with the greatest near- to mid-term commercial potential.
The third phase focused on quantifying the potential market for each short-listed technology and application and identifying the main prerequisites for commercial success. Various methodologies and data sources were used to develop the market projections, including trend line projections, input-output analysis and estimates of future demand from industry sources.
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS
This report is partially based on an earlier (2004) report prepared by Maura Lane, a BCC analyst with over 15 years of experience conducting technology and market assessments in the chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The analyst responsible for updating the report is Andrew McWilliams, a partner in the Boston-based international technology and marketing consulting firm, 43rd Parallel LLC. Mr. McWilliams is the author of a number of other BCC studies, including a previous (2006) update of Ms. Lane’s report, as well as a number of other microfluidics-related studies such as SMC051C Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Technology: Current and Future Markets; NAN035A Nanosensors; IAS027B MEMS: Biosensors and Nanosensors; and HLC016D Microelectronic Medical Implants: Products, Technologies and Opportunities.
REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
This report provides:
• An overview for the global market for microfluidic technologies, which deal with the movement of small amounts of fluids
• Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2011 and 2012, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2017
• A thorough evaluation of the technical and business environment surrounding the emerging microfluidic systems market
• Examination of the current and potential applications of the technologies and an assessment of their importance in the context of emerging market paradigms
• The trends that will shape the future of microfluidic technologies and markets, and their impact
• A patent analysis for new and emerging technologies
• Comprehensive company profiles of major players in the industry.
Global Biotechnology Industry
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
SCOPE AND FORMAT 2
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 2
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS 3
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS 3
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 3
DISCLAIMER 4
CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 6
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 6
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES, 2011–2017 ($
MILLIONS) 6
CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 9
DEFINITIONS 9
MICROFLUIDICS 9
MEMS 9
BASIC CONCEPTS IN MICROFLUIDICS 9
GENERAL 9
WHAT IS A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE? 10
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MICROFLUIDICS 11
Pressure Driven Flow 11
Electrokinetic Flow 11
Passive Fluid Control Technology 11
FIGURE 1 PASSIVE MICROFLUIDIC VALVE 12
Chemical Control 12
Hydrogels 12
Colloidal Microspheres 13
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING IN FLUID MECHANICS 13
The Utility of Modeling 13
Phase Phenomena 14
TABLE 1 DESIGN OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES: PHASE PHENOMENA CONSIDERATIONS 14
Heat Removal 14
Bimetallic Actuation 15
SURFACE CHEMISTRY 15
Substrate Factors 15
Surface Coatings 16
Hydrophilic Material 16
FIGURE 2 THE HYDROPHILIC EFFECT IN MICROFLUIDIC CONDUITS 16
Hydrophobic Material 16
FIGURE 3 THE HYDROPHOBIC EFFECT IN MICROFLUIDIC CONDUITS 16
Surface Finish 17
DIFFUSION BONDING 18
"MICROJAWS" FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND THERAPEUTICS 18
TABLE 2 DESIGN OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES: ACTUATION PRINCIPLES AND
APPLICATIONS 19
MICROFLUIDIC COMPONENTS 19
TYPES OF MICROFLUIDIC COMPONENTS 19
Microchannels 19
Micropumps 20
Mechanical Micropumps 20
Piezoelectric Pumps 20
Pneumatic Pumps 20
Thermopneumatic Pumps 20
Electrostatic Pumps 21
Non-mechanical Pumps 21
Capillary Pumps 21
Electrohydrodynamic Pumps 21
Electrokinetic Pumps 21
Magneto-hydrodynamic Pumps 21
Phase Difference Pumps 22
Micronozzles 22
Microvalves 22
Passive Microvalves 22
Active Microvalves 22
Micromixers 23
Active Mixers 23
SAW Mixers 23
Magneto-hydrodynamic Mixers 23
Passive Mixers 23
Microreactors 23
MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS 24
FABRICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 24
SENSORS 24
ACTUATORS 25
MICROSTRUCTURES 25
MICROSYSTEMS 25
Construction 26
MICROMACHINING 26
Photolithography 27
Thin Films 27
Wet Etching 27
Dry Etching 28
Surface Micromachining 28
Laser Micromachining 29
LIGA 29
HexSil 29
Photopolymerization Process 29
FEATURES OF MICROSYSTEMS 30
HYBRID MICROSYSTEMS 30
BioMEMS 31
CORIOLIS MASS FLOW TECHNOLOGY 31
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION 32
Silicon 32
PDMS and Silicone Elastomers 32
Polyimide 33
TABLE 3 FABRICATION TECHNIQUES FOR MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES 33
RELATED TECHNOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS 33
EDM 34
Fluidic Driving Force 34
MAJOR END-USER MARKETS 35
HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING (HTS) AND COMPOUND PROFILING 35
DIAGNOSTIC AND POINT-OF-CARE (POC) 35
INKJET PRINTING 35
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 35
DRUG DELIVERY/MEDICAL 36
PROTEOMICS 36
DEFENSE AND PUBLIC SAFETY 36
CHAPTER 4 MICROFLUIDIC MARKET BY END-USER SEGMENTS 38
OVERVIEW 38
TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 38
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES, 2011–2017 ($
MILLIONS) 39
HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING AND COMPOUND PROFILING 40
INTRODUCTION 40
APPLICATIONS 40
DNA Analysis 40
Assays 41
Compound Libraries 41
Lab Automation 41
MARKET FORECAST 42
TABLE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES IN HTS/COMPOUND SCREENING,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 42
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS AND MARKET SHARES 42
TABLE 6 HTS/COMPOUND PROFILING COMPANIES, GLOBAL MARKET SHARE, 2011 (%) 43
FIGURE 5 HTS/COMPOUND PROFILING COMPANIES, GLOBAL MARKET SHARE, 2011 (%) 43
Tecan 43
Caliper Life Sciences 44
Gamidor Diagnostics Ltd. 44
CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS/POC TESTING 45
OVERVIEW 45
Acceptance of Technology 45
APPLICATIONS 46
Animal Healthcare Applications 46
MARKET FORECAST 47
TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS IN POC DIAGNOSTIC
DEVICES, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 47
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS AND MARKET SHARES 48
FIGURE 6 MICROFLUIDICS-BASED POC DIAGNOSTIC TEST MARKET SHARES, 2011 (%) 48
Abaxis 49
Abbott Laboratories 49
Alere Inc. 50
Gyros AB 50
HandyLab (now Becton Dickinson & Co.) 51
Maxwell Sensors 51
INKJET PRINTING 52
OVERVIEW 52
APPLICATIONS 52
Inkjet Printer Applications 52
New Applications of Inkjet Technology 53
Biochip Production 53
Flat Panel Displays 53
Printable Electronics 54
Other Applications 54
MARKET FORECAST 54
TABLE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC INKJET HEADS BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 54
Inkjet Printers 55
TABLE 9 MARKET FORECAST FOR DISPOSABLE INKJET CARTRIDGE SHIPMENTS, THROUGH
2017 (MILLION UNITS) 55
TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC INKJET PRINTER HEADS,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 56
Biochip Production Equipment 56
TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR BIOCHIP SHIPMENTS, THROUGH 2017 ($
BILLIONS) 56
TABLE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS USED IN BIOCHIP PRODUCTION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 57
Flat Panel Display Fabrication 57
TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS USED IN FLAT PANEL
DISPLAY PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 58
Printed Organic Electronics 58
TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS USED IN PRODUCTION
OF OTHER PRINTABLE ORGANIC ELECTRONICS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 58
MANUFACTURERS AND MARKET SHARES 58
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MICROFLUIDIC INKJET MARKET SHARES, 2011 (%) 59
Hewlett-Packard Co. 59
Seiko Epson Corp. 60
Agilent Technologies Inc. 60
Litrex Corp. 61
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS 61
OVERVIEW 61
APPLICATIONS 62
Chemical Analysis 62
Micro-Total Analysis Systems 62
Chemical Synthesis 62
MARKET FORECAST 63
TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 63
Chemical Analysis 63
TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROCHEMICAL SENSORS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS/%) 64
Chemical Synthesis 64
MANUFACTURERS 64
Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik BTS GmbH 65
CompactGTL PLC 65
Global Hydrogen Inc. 65
DRUG DELIVERY/MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 65
OVERVIEW 65
APPLICATIONS 66
MARKET FORECAST 66
TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC DRUG PUMPS, THROUGH 2017
($ MILLIONS/%) 66
MANUFACTURERS AND MARKET SHARES 66
FIGURE 8 IMPLANTABLE DRUG PUMP MARKET SHARES, 2011 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
SEGMENT SALES) 66
ISSYS 67
Debiotech SA 68
PROTEOMICS 68
OVERVIEW 68
APPLICATIONS 69
High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography 69
Tabletop Nano-LC Systems 69
Chip-Based Systems 70
Microfluidic Chip-based Immunoassays 70
"Rotating Chip" Immunoassay 70
MARKET FORECAST 71
TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC PROTEOMICS SYSTEMS,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 71
MANUFACTURERS AND MARKET SHARES 71
FIGURE 9 MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES FOR PROTEOMICS APPLICATIONS, MARKET SHARES,
2011 (%) 71
Bio-Rad Laboratories 72
Advion Inc. 72
Agilent Technologies Inc. 72
Dionex Corp. 73
Gyros AB 73
Life Technologies Corp. 73
Biacore Life Sciences 73
DEFENSE AND PUBLIC SAFETY 74
OVERVIEW 74
APPLICATIONS 74
MARKET FORECAST 74
TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS USED IN CBW SENSORS,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 75
OTHER 75
DISPENSING 75
Applications 75
Positive-Displacement Pumps 76
Pin Arrays 76
Aerosol Systems 76
Market Forecast 77
TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC DISPENSING DEVICES,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 77
NEW APPLICATIONS 77
Electronic Cooling 77
Fuel Cells 78
Food Quality Testing 78
CHAPTER 5 MICROFLUIDICS COMPANIES 80
TABLE 21 MICROFLUIDICS COMPANIES 80
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES 82
CALIPER LIFE SCIENCES 83
LABCHIP SYSTEM 83
CEPHEID 84
SMARTCYCLER 84
EKSIGENT TECHNOLOGIES 85
NANOLC 85
EKPUMP 85
FIGURE 10 PRINCIPLE OF EKPUMP 86
NANOFLOW 86
FLUIDIGM 87
GAMIDOR DIAGNOSTICS LTD. 87
GYROS MICROLABS 88
HEWLETT-PACKARD 88
INTELLIGENT MICRO PATTERNING LLC 89
INTELLISENSE SOFTWARE 90
MICRALYNE INC. 90
MICROFLUIDIC TOOLKIT 91
MICROCHIPS 91
MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS INC. 92
MICRONICS 92
ORCHID CELLMARK 93
SRU BIOSYSTEMS 93
TECAN 93
CHAPTER 6 MICROFLUIDICS DEALS 96
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CONSIDERATIONS 96
RECENT DEALS 97
TABLE 22 SELECTED MICROFLUIDICS-RELATED DEALS, 1999-2011 97
NOTABLE DEALS BY YEAR 101
1999 101
2000 102
2001 103
2002 107
2006 107
2008 108
2009 108
2010 108
2011 108
CHAPTER 7 PATENT LANDSCAPE (DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1999) 111
INTRODUCTION 111
TRENDS BY COUNTRY 111
TRENDS BY ASSIGNEE 111
FIGURE 11 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JAN. 1, 1999 THROUGH NOV. 30, 2012
(%) 111
TABLE 23 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS WITH THE GREATEST NUMBER OF
NANOFLUIDICS-RELATED PATENTS, JAN. 1, 1999 THROUGH NOV. 30, 2012 112
TRENDS BY EMPHASIS: PRODUCTION VERSUS APPLICATION 112
FIGURE 12 SHARES OF PATENTS ISSUED BY EMPHASIS, JAN. 1, 1999 THROUGH NOV. 30,
2012 (%) 113
CHAPTER 8 CHALLENGES AND TRENDS IN THE MICROFLUIDICS INDUSTRY 115
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENTS 115
MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 117
LIST OF TABLES
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 6
TABLE 1 DESIGN OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES: PHASE PHENOMENA CONSIDERATIONS 14
TABLE 2 DESIGN OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES: ACTUATION PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS 19
TABLE 3 FABRICATION TECHNIQUES FOR MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES 33
TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2017
($ MILLIONS) 38
TABLE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES IN HTS/COMPOUND SCREENING,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 42
TABLE 6 HTS/COMPOUND PROFILING COMPANIES, GLOBAL MARKET SHARE, 2011 (%) 43
TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS IN POC DIAGNOSTIC
DEVICES, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 47
TABLE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC INKJET HEADS BY APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 54
TABLE 9 MARKET FORECAST FOR DISPOSABLE INKJET CARTRIDGE SHIPMENTS, THROUGH
2017 (MILLION UNITS) 55
TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC INKJET PRINTER HEADS,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 56
TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR BIOCHIP SHIPMENTS, THROUGH 2017 ($
BILLIONS) 56
TABLE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS USED IN BIOCHIP PRODUCTION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 57
TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS USED IN FLAT PANEL
DISPLAY PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 58
TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS USED IN PRODUCTION OF
OTHER PRINTABLE ORGANIC ELECTRONICS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 58
TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 63
TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROCHEMICAL SENSORS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS/%) 64
TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC DRUG PUMPS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS/%) 66
TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC PROTEOMICS SYSTEMS,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 71
TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC MEMS USED IN CBW SENSORS,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 75
TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC DISPENSING DEVICES,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 77
TABLE 21 MICROFLUIDICS COMPANIES 80
TABLE 22 SELECTED MICROFLUIDICS-RELATED DEALS, 1999-2011 97
TABLE 23 COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS WITH THE GREATEST NUMBER OF
NANOFLUIDICS-RELATED PATENTS, JAN. 1, 1999 THROUGH NOV. 30, 2012 112
LIST OF FIGURES
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES, 2011–2017 ($
MILLIONS) 6
FIGURE 1 PASSIVE MICROFLUIDIC VALVE 12
FIGURE 2 THE HYDROPHILIC EFFECT IN MICROFLUIDIC CONDUITS 16
FIGURE 3 THE HYDROPHOBIC EFFECT IN MICROFLUIDIC CONDUITS 16
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES, 2011–2017 ($
MILLIONS) 39
FIGURE 5 HTS/COMPOUND PROFILING COMPANIES, GLOBAL MARKET SHARE, 2011 (%) 43
FIGURE 6 MICROFLUIDICS-BASED POC DIAGNOSTIC TEST MARKET SHARES, 2011 (%) 48
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MICROFLUIDIC INKJET MARKET SHARES, 2011 (%) 59
FIGURE 8 IMPLANTABLE DRUG PUMP MARKET SHARES, 2011 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
SEGMENT SALES) 66
FIGURE 9 MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES FOR PROTEOMICS APPLICATIONS, MARKET SHARES,
2011 (%) 71
FIGURE 10 PRINCIPLE OF EKPUMP 86
FIGURE 11 SHARES OF U.S. PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, JAN. 1, 1999 THROUGH NOV. 30, 2012 (%) 111
FIGURE 12 SHARES OF PATENTS ISSUED BY EMPHASIS, JAN. 1, 1999 THROUGH NOV. 30,
2012 (%) 113
