Chapter-1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 7
SUMMARY TABLE PROJECTED VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET BY BIOFUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 8
SUMMARY FIGURE PROJECTED VALUE OF THE MARKET BY BIOFUEL TYPE, 2002–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 9
Chapter-2: OVERVIEW
FIGURE 1 WORLD ENERGY MATRIX (%) 10
FIGURE 1 (CONTINUED) 11
CONVERSION ROUTES FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTION 11
FIGURE 2 THERMAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICALS ROUTES TO BIOFUELS PRODUCTION 12
CONVERSION ROUTES FOR … (CONTINUED) 13
FIGURE 3 THE HOLISTIC ETHANOL FACILITY 14
BIOFUEL EVOLUTION 14
FIRST-GENERATION FUELS 15
TABLE 1 ENERGY CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL FUELS 15
SECOND-GENERATION FUELS 16
THIRD-GENERATION FUELS 16
FOURTH-GENERATION FUELS 17
FEEDSTOCKS 17
YIELD 17
TABLE 2 RELATIVE YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (GALS. PER ACRE) 18
FIGURE 4 RELATIVE YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (GALS. PER ACRE) 18
NET ENERGY YIELD 19
TABLE 3 NET ENERGY YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (NET ENERGY YIELD) 19
FIGURE 5 NET ENERGY YIELD OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS (NET ENERGY YIELD) 20
COST OF PRODUCTION 20
TABLE 4 RELATIVE COSTS OF BIOFUELS FROM VARIOUS FEEDSTOCKS, 2008 ($ PER BARREL, ESTIMATED) 21
FIGURE 6 RELATIVE COSTS OF BIOFUELS FROM VARIOUS FEEDSTOCKS, 2008 ($ PER BARREL, ESTIMATED) 21
Chapter-3: ETHANOL
TABLE 5 FEEDSTOCKS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION 22
TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) 23
CORN ETHANOL 23
TABLE 6 CORN ETHANOL FEEDSTOCK REQUIREMENTS BY PLANT SIZE (MILLION BUSHELS) 23
CORN ETHANOL MANUFACTURING 24
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 25
FIGURE 7 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL MANUFACTURING PROCESS 26
ETHANOL BLENDING 27
COPRODUCTS OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION 27
ETHANOL PLANT COSTS 28
TABLE 7 ESTIMATED CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS BY ETHANOL PLANT SIZE 28
Chapter-4: BIODIESEL
TABLE 8 FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION 29
TABLE 8 (CONTINUED) 30
BIODIESEL MANUFACTURING 30
TRANSESTERIFICATION 31
POST-REACTION PROCESSES 31
BIODIESEL BLENDING 32
COPRODUCTS OF BIODIESEL MANUFACTURING 33
BIODIESEL PLANT COSTS 33
TABLE 9 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (5 MGY PLANT BASED ON SOYBEAN COSTS OF $0.22/LB.) 33
TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) 34
FIGURE 8 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (5 MGY PLANT BASED ON SOYBEAN COSTS OF $0.22/LB.) 34
Chapter-5: OTHER BIOFUELS
STRAIGHT VEGETABLE OIL/PURE VEGETABLE OIL 35
WOOD DIESEL 35
BIOBUTANOL 35
BIOBUTANOL (CONTINUED) 36
BIOBUTANOL MANUFACTURING 37
HYDROGENATION-DERIVED RENEWABLE DIESEL 38
HYDROTHERMALUPGRADING DIESEL 39
FISCHER-TROPSCH BIOFUELS 39
FISCHER-TROPSCH MANUFACTURING 39
ALGAL FUEL (OILGAE) 40
TABLE 10 PROMISING ALGAE FOR BIODIESEL MANUFACTURE 40
TABLE 10 (CONTINUED) 41
BIOMETHANOL 42
DIMETHYLFURAN 42
DMF MANUFACTURING 42
BIO-DME 43
GREEN GASOLINE 43
DESIGNER HYDROCARBONS 44
Chapter-6: EUROPEAN BIOFUEL MARKET
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 45
INCENTIVES 45
ETHANOL 45
PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY 46
TABLE 11 EU ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 46
FIGURE 9 EU ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 46
PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK 47
TABLE 12 EU ETHANOL PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY FEEDSTOCK TYPE, 2008 (MGY/%) 47
FIGURE 10 EU ETHANOL PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY FEEDSTOCK TYPE, 2008 (%) 47
CONSUMPTION 48
TABLE 13 ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN THE EU, BY COUNTRY, 2008 (MIILION GALS.) 48
FIGURE 11 ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN THE EU, BY COUNTRY, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 48
BIODIESEL 49
TABLE 14 EU BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 49
FIGURE 12 EU BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 49
TABLE 15 EU BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2008 (MGY) 50
FIGURE 13 EU BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2008 (%) 50
PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK 51
TABLE 16 EU BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008 (MGY) 51
FIGURE 14 EU BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008 (%) 52
CONSUMPTION 52
STRAIGHT VEGETABLE OIL 52
TABLE 17 CONSUMPTION OF SVO AS A BIOFUEL IN THE EU, 2006–2008 (MGY) 53
FIGURE 15 CONSUMPTION OF SVO AS A BIOFUEL IN THE EU, 2006–2012 (MGY) 53
GERMANY 53
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 53
TABLE 18 GERMAN BIOFUELS USE MANDATES, 2007–2015 (%) 54
INCENTIVES 54
ETHANOL 54
BIODIESEL 55
TABLE 19 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN GERMANY, 2008 (MGY) 55
FISCHER-TROPSCH DIESEL 56
BIOMETHANOL 56
FRANCE 56
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 57
TABLE 20 BIOFUEL INCORPORATION TARGETS IN FRANCE, 2005–2010 57
INCENTIVES 57
TABLE 21 BIOFUELS PRODUCTION QUOTAS IN FRANCE, 2003–2010 (1,000 MT) 57
FIGURE 16 BIOFUELS PRODUCTION QUOTAS IN FRANCE, 2003–2010 (1,000 MT) 58
TABLE 22 TAX CUTS FOR BIOFUELS IN FRANCE, 2005–2012 ($/GAL.) 58
FIGURE 17 TAX CUTS FOR BIOFUELS IN FRANCE, 2005–2012 ($/GAL.) 59
BIODIESEL 59
TABLE 23 BIODIESEL PRODUCERS IN FRANCE, EXISTING AND PLANNED CAPACITY, 2009 (MGY) 60
TABLE 24 FRENCH BIODIESEL PLANTS BASED OUTSIDE FRANCE: APPROVED FOR REDUCED TAX BENEFITS 60
TABLE 24 (CONTINUED) 61
ETHANOL 61
TABLE 25 BIOFUELS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION IN FRANCE, 2004–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 61
FIGURE 18 BIOFUELS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION IN FRANCE, 2004–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 62
TABLE 26 ETHANOL PLANTS IN FRANCE, EXISTING AND PLANNED, 2009 (MGY) 62
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 63
FISCHER-TROPSCH DIESEL 63
ITALY 63
LEGAL FRAMEWORK 63
INCENTIVES 64
FIGURE 19 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION QUOTAS IN ITALY, 2004–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 64
BIODIESEL 64
TABLE 27 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN ITALY, OPERATING AND PLANNED, THROUGH 2009 (MGY) 65
ETHANOL 65
TABLE 28 ETHANOL PLANTS IN ITALY, OPERATING AND PLANNED, 2009 (MGY) 66
PORTUGAL 66
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 66
INCENTIVES 66
BIODIESEL 67
TABLE 29 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN PORTUGAL, EXISTING AND PLANNED, 2009 (MGY) 67
BIOFUELS PRODUCTION 68
TABLE 30 BIOFUELS PRODUCTION IN PORTUGAL, 2002–2008 (MGY) 68
FIGURE 20 BIOFUELS PRODUCTION IN PORTUGAL, 2002–2008 (MGY) 68
TABLE 31 ETHANOL PLANTS IN PORTUGAL, 2008 69
SPAIN 69
LEGAL FRAMEWORK 69
INCENTIVES 69
BIODIESEL 69
TABLE 32 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND EXPORT IN SPAIN, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 70
FIGURE 21 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND EXPORT IN SPAIN, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 70
TABLE 33 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN SPAIN, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 71
TABLE 33 (CONTINUED) 72
TABLE 33 (CONTINUED) 73
TABLE 34 BIODIESEL PROJECTS IN DEVELOPMENT IN SPAIN, 2009 (MGY) 74
ETHANOL 74
TABLE 35 ETHANOL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND EXPORT IN SPAIN, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 75
FIGURE 22 ETHANOL PRODUCTION, CO NSUMPTION, AND EXPORT IN SPAIN, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 75
TABLE 36 ETHANOL PLANTS IN SPAIN, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 76
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 76
TABLE 37 ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORTING SPANISH BIOFUELS USE 76
POLAND 77
INCENTIVES 77
BIODIESEL 77
TABLE 38 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN POLAND, 2003–2008 (MGY) 78
FIGURE 23 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN POLAND, 2003–2008 (MGY) 78
TABLE 39 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN POLAND, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 79
ETHANOL 79
TABLE 40 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN POLAND, 2002–2008 (MGY) 79
FIGURE 24 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN POLAND, 2003–2008 (MGY) 80
TABLE 41 ETHANOL PLANTS IN POLAND, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 80
BENELUX 81
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 81
INCENTIVES 81
BIOFUELS PRODUCTION IN THE BENELUX 82
The Netherlands 82
TABLE 42 IOFUELS PLANTS IN THE NETHERLANDS, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 82
Belgium 83
TABLE 43 BIOFUEL PLANTS IN BELGIUM, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 83
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 83
BIOMETHANOL 84
ALGAE-BASED BIODIESEL 84
HUNGARY 84
LEGAL FRAMEWORK 84
INCENTIVES 85
ETHANOL 85
TABLE 44 BIOFUELS PLANTS IN HUNGARY, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 85
R&D 86
SWEDEN 86
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 86
INCENTIVES 86
ETHANOL 87
TABLE 45 ETHANOL PRODUCERS IN SWEDEN, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 87
BIODIESEL 88
TABLE 46 BIODIESEL PRODUCERS IN SWEDEN, 2009 (MGY) 88
BIOFUEL IMPORTS, EXPORTS 88
BIOFUELS PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK 89
TABLE 47 FEEDSTOCKS USED FOR BIOFUELS IN SWEDEN BY FUEL TYPE, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 89
FIGURE 25 FEEDSTOCKS USED FOR BIOFUELS IN SWEDEN BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 90
TABLE 48 BIOFUELS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND TRADE IN SWEDEN (MILLION LITERS) 90
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 91
BIO-DME 91
BIOMETHANOL 91
NEXT-GENERATION BIODIESEL 92
RUSSIAN FEDERATION 92
LEGAL FRAMEWORK 92
INCENTIVES 93
TABLE 49 BIOFUEL PLANTS IN RUSSIA, EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, APRIL 2008 (1,000 GAL./ACRE) 93
ETHANOL 94
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 94
BIODIESEL 94
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 95
CZECH REPUBLIC 95
LEGAL FRAMEWORK 96
INCENTIVES 96
BIOFUELS PRODUCTION 96
TABLE 50 BIOFUELS PLANTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, EXISTING, PLANNED, AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 97
UNITED KINGDOM 97
LEGAL FRAMEWORK 97
INCENTIVES 98
THE GALLAGHER REPORT 98
ETHANOL 98
TABLE 51 ETHANOL PLANTS IN THE U.K., EXISTING, PLANNED, AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 99
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 99
BIODIESEL 100
TABLE 52 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN THE U.K., EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 100
BIOBUTANOL 100
VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN THE EU 100
PRODUCTION LEVELS 101
ETHANOL 101
BIODIESEL 102
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 102
NEXT-GENERATION BIOFUELS 103
BIOFUELS MARKETS IN INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES 103
GERMANY 103
FRANCE 104
SPAIN 105
ITALY 106
SWEDEN 106
PORTUGAL 107
U.K. 107
BENELUX 107
HUNGARY 108
POLAND 108
RUSSIAN FEDERATION 109
CZECH REPUBLIC 109
FUEL PRICES 109
TABLE 53 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN THE EU BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 110
FIGURE 26 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE EU BIOFUELS MARKET BY FUEL TYPE, 2002–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 111
Chapter-7: SOUTH AMERICAN BIOFUEL MARKET
ETHANOL PRODUCTION 112
TABLE 54 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 112
FIGURE 27 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 113
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION 113
TABLE 55 PROJECTED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY, 2002–2013 (MILLION GALS.) 113
FIGURE 28 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY, 2008 AND 2013 (MILLION GALS.) 114
BRAZIL 114
FIGURE 29 BRAZILIAN ENERGY MATRIX (%) 115
Legislative Framework 115
Incentives 116
Flex Fuel Vehicles 116
Ethanol 116
Production 116
TABLE 56 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 117
FIGURE 30 BRAZILIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 117
Exports 117
TABLE 57 BRAZILIAN ETHANOL EXPORTS BY SELECTED COUNTRIES, 2008 (MILLIONS GALS.) 118
TABLE 57 (CONTINUED) 119
Ethanol Capacity by Producer 119
TABLE 58 BRAZILIAN ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY PRODUCER: HYDROUS AND ANYHYDROUS, 2008 (%) 119
TABLE 58 (CONTINUED) 120
Biodiesel 120
Cellulosic Ethanol 120
COLOMBIA 121
Legislative Framework 121
Incentives 121
Blending Targets 121
Ethanol 122
Production 122
TABLE 59 ETHANOL CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTION, AND TRADE IN COLOMBIA, 2005–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 122
FIGURE 31 ETHANOL CONSUMPTION/PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA, 2005–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 123
Biodiesel 123
TABLE 60 BIODIESEL CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTION, AND TRADE IN COLOMBIA, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 124
FIGURE 32 BIODIESEL CONSUMPTION/PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 124
Biofuel Production by Feedstock 125
TABLE 61 CONSUMPTION OF FEEDSTOCKS IN COLOMBIAN BIOFUELS PRODUCTION, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 125
FIGURE 33 CONSUMPTION OF FEEDSTOCKS IN COLOMBIAN BIOFUELS PRODUCTION, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 125
ARGENTINA 125
Legal Framework 126
Incentives 126
Ethanol 127
Exports 127
Biodiesel 127
Exports 128
TABLE 62 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND TRADE IN ARGENTINA, 2004–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 128
FIGURE 34 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND TRADE IN ARGENTINA, 2004–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 129
TABLE 63 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN ARGENTINA BY FEEDSTOCK TYPE, 2008 (MGY) 129
FIGURE 35 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN ARGENTINA BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008 (MGY) 130
Biofuels R&D 130
URUGUAY 130
Legal Framework 131
Incentives 131
Biodiesel 131
Ethanol 131
Biofuels Production 131
TABLE 64 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND TRADE IN URUGUAY, BY FUEL TYPE, 2003–2008 (MGY) 132
FIGURE 36 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND TRADE IN URUGUAY, BY FUEL TYPE, 2003–2008 (MGY) 132
TABLE 65 FEEDSTOCK USE IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN URUGUAY BY FUEL TYPE, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 133
FIGURE 37 FEEDSTOCK USE IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN URUGUAY BY FUEL TYPE, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 133
Biofuels R&D 134
PERU 134
Legal Framework 134
Ethanol 134
Biodiesel 135
CHILE 135
Legislative Framework 135
Incentives 136
Ethanol 136
Biodiesel 136
VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA 136
BRAZIL 137
Ethanol Market 137
Biodiesel Market 138
ARGENTINA 138
Ethanol Market 138
Biodiesel Market 139
COLOMBIA 139
URUGUAY 140
PERU 140
CHILE 141
FUEL PRICES 141
TABLE 66 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA, BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 142
FIGURE 38 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA BY FUEL TYPE, 2002–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 142
Chapter-8: BIOFUEL MARKET IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RIM
TABLE 67 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 143
TABLE 68 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION, 2002–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 144
CHINA 144
LEGAL FRAMEWORK 144
INCENTIVES 145
ETHANOL 145
TABLE 69 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN CHINA, 2003–2008 (MGY/%) 146
FIGURE 39 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN CHINA, 2003–2008 (MGY) 146
ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK 146
TABLE 70 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN CHINA, BY FEEDSTOCK TYPE, 2009 (%) 147
FIGURE 40 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN CHINA, BY FEEDSTOCK TYPE, 2009 (%) 147
ETHANOL PRODUCERS 148
TABLE 71 ETHANOL PLANTS IN CHINA, IN OPERATION, 2007 (MGY) 148
CHINESE ETHANOL EXPORTS, IMPORTS 148
TABLE 72 CHINESE ETHANOL EXPORTS BY COUNTRY, 2002–2006 (MILLION GALS.) 148
TABLE 72 (CONTINUED) 149
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 149
BIODIESEL 149
BIO-DME 150
TAIWAN 151
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 151
BIODIESEL 151
ETHANOL 152
INDIA 152
LEGAL FRAMEWORK 152
INCENTIVES 153
ETHANOL 154
TABLE 73 ETHANOL PLANTS IN INDIA, EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2009 (MGY) 154
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 154
BIODIESEL 155
PRODUCTION 155
BIOFUELS R&D 156
THAILAND 156
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 156
TABLE 74 PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND TRADE OF BIOFUELS IN THAILAND, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 157
FIGURE 41 PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION OF BIOFUELS IN THAILAND, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 157
TABLE 75 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN THAILAND, BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 158
FIGURE 42 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN THAILAND, BY FEEDSTOCK, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 158
ETHANOL 159
TABLE 76 ETHANOL PLANTS IN THAILAND, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION, 2008 (MGY) 159
Exports 160
BIODIESEL 160
TABLE 77 EXISTING BIODIESEL PLANTS IN THAILAND, 2008 (MGY) 160
VIETNAM 161
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 161
ETHANOL 161
BIODIESEL 161
MALAYSIA 162
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 162
INCENTIVES 163
BIODIESEL 163
INDONESIA 163
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 164
INCENTIVES 164
ETHANOL 164
TABLE 78 ETHANOL PLANTS IN INDONESIA, EXISTING, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, AND PROPOSED, 2008 (MGY) 165
BIODIESEL 166
TABLE 79 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN INDONESIA, EXISTING, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, AND PROPOSED, 2009 (MGY) 166
TABLE 79 (CONTINUED) 167
KOREA 167
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 167
INCENTIVES 168
TABLE 80 SCHEDULED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND TAX EXEMPTION IN KOREA, 2008-2017 168
BIODIESEL 168
TABLE 81 REGISTERED BIODIESEL PLANTS IN KOREA, 2008 (MILLION GALS.) 169
TABLE 82 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION IN KOREA, 2002–2008 (MGY) 170
FIGURE 43 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION IN KOREA, 2002–2008 (MGY) 170
ETHANOL 170
PHILIPPINES 170
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 171
INCENTIVES 171
BIODIESEL 171
ETHANOL 172
JAPAN 172
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 173
INCENTIVES 173
ETHANOL 173
TABLE 83 ETHANOL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND TRADE IN JAPAN, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 174
FIGURE 44 ETHANOL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND EXPORTS IN JAPAN, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 174
BIODIESEL 175
TABLE 84 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, AND TRADE IN JAPAN, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 176
FIGURE 45 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, AND CONSUMPTION IN JAPAN, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 176
BIOFUEL R&D 176
TABLE 85 JAPANESE GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED ETHANOL VERIFICATION PROJECTS, 2009 (MILLION GALS.) 177
SINGAPORE 178
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 178
BIODIESEL 178
AUSTRALIA 179
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 179
INCENTIVES 179
ETHANOL 180
TABLE 86 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA, 2003–2008 (MGY) 180
FIGURE 46 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA, 2003–2008 (MGY) 181
TABLE 87 EXISTING AND PROPOSED ETHANOL PLANTS IN AUSTRALIA, 2008 (MGY) 181
TABLE 87 (CONTINUED) 182
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 182
BIODIESEL 183
TABLE 88 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 183
FIGURE 47 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA, 2003–2008 (MILLION GALS.) 183
TABLE 89 BIODIESEL PLANTS IN AUSTRALIA, EXISTING, IN CONSTRUCTION, AND PLANNED, 2009 (MGY) 184
NEW ZEALAND 185
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 185
TABLE 90 NEW MANDATORY SALES TARGETS FOR NEW ZEALAND, 2008–2012 185
INCENTIVES 186
ETHANOL 186
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 186
BIODIESEL 186
NEXT-GENERATION BIODIESEL 187
OTHER FUELS 187
VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN ASIA/THE PACIFIC RIM 187
CHINA 188
Ethanol Market 188
Cellulosic Ethanol 189
Biodiesel Market 189
“Other Fuels” Market 190
TAIWAN 190
INDIA 190
Ethanol Market 190
Biodiesel Market 191
THAILAND 192
SOUTH KOREA 192
JAPAN 192
INDONESIA 193
SINGAPORE 194
THE PHILIPPINES 194
MALAYSIA 195
AUSTRALIA 195
NEW ZEALAND 195
FUEL PRICES 196
TABLE 91 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN ASIA/THE PACIFIC RIM, BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 (MGY) 196
FIGURE 48 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN ASIA/THE PACIFIC RIM, BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 (MGY) 197
Chapter-9: BIOFUEL MARKET IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
SOUTH AFRICA 198
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 198
INCENTIVES 199
ETHANOL 199
TABLE 92 BIOFUELS PLANTS AND PROJECTS IN SOUTH AFRICA, 2008 (MGY) 200
ISRAEL 200
VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA 200
FUEL PRICES 201
TABLE 93 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 201
FIGURE 49 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE BIOFUELS MARKET THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA, BY FUEL TYPE, 2008 AND 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 202
Chapter-10: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 203
COMPANY PROFILES 204
3B BIOFUELS GMBH & CO. KG 204
ABENGOA 205
ABENCS 206
ABS BIODIESEL 206
ACCIONA ENERGY 207
AEKYUNG PETROCHEMICAL CO., LTD. 207
AGRI-ENERGY 207
AGROETANOL AB 208
AGROINVEST S.A. 208
AGROPODNIK 208
A.I. ENERGY CO., LTD. 209
ALCO BIO FUEL 209
ALCOPLUS 209
ALENSYS (ALTERNATIVE ENERGIESYSTEME) AG 210
ALFA LAVAL 210
ALGAE FUEL SYSTEMS 210
ALGAELINK 211
ALGAEWHEEL, INC. 211
ALGALOILDIESEL, LLP 212
ALGODYNE ETHANOL ENERGY CORP. 212
ALLIED RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC 212
ALTERNATIVE FUELS CORP. 213
ALTO ALEGRE 213
AMBROSIA OILS (1976), LTD. 214
AMELOT HOLDINGS 214
AMYRIS FUELS, INC. 214
ANCHOR ETHANOL 215
ANHUI BBCA BIOCHEMICAL CO. 215
AQUAFLOW BIONOMIC 216
AQUATIC ENERGY, LLC 216
ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND CO. 217
ARGENT ENERGY, LTD. 217
ARGOS OIL 218
ASTON 218
AUSTRALIAN BIODIESEL GROUP, LTD. (ABG) 218
BABCOCK & BROWN 219
BANGCHAK PETROLEUM, PLC 219
BANGKOK RENEWABLE ENERGY CO., LTD. 220
BASHNEFT-YUG 220
BASF CORP. 220
BERCAM S.L. DE LOS YÉBENES 220
BIOCARBURANTES DE CASTILLA (BIOCAST) 221
BIOCARBURANTES DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN 221
BIOCARBURANTES EUROPA 221
BIOCEMSA 222
BIOCOM ENERGÍA 222
BIOCOM PISUERGA 222
BIODIESEL ANDALUCIA 2004 (BIDA) 222
BIODIESEL CASTILLA-LA MANCHA (BIODIESEL CLM) 223
BIODIESEL INDUSTRIES 223
BIODIESEL KAMPEN 224
BIODIESEL KYRITZ 224
BIODIESEL NEW ZEALAND 224
BIODIESEL INTERNATIONAL AG (BDI) 225
BIODIESEL PALDISKI ESTONIA AS 225
BIODIESEL PRODUCERS, LTD. (BPL) 225
BIO-DRIVEN, LTD. 226
BIOENERGETICA EXTREMENA 2020 (BIONEX) 226
BIO ENERGY PLUS CO., LTD. 226
BIOENGINEERING RESOURCES, INC. 226
BIOETANOL DE GALICIA 227
BIOETANOL DE LA MANCHA 227
BIOFUEL 227
BIOFUELING 228
BIOFUEL SYSTEMS 228
BIOGOLD FUELS CORP. 228
BIOMETHANOL CHEMIE HOLDING 229
BIONET EUROPA S.L. (REUS) 229
BIONOR TRANSFORMACIÓN 230
BIONORTE 230
BIOOILS ENERGY 231
BIOPETROL INDUSTRIES AG 231
BIORO NV 231
BIOVALUE HOLDING 232
BIO-VENTA, LTD. 232
BIOVERDA 232
BIOX CORP. 233
BLUEFIRE ETHANOL 234
BND ENERGY 234
BP BIOFUELS 235
BRASCO GROUP 236
BRATNEY COMPANIES 236
BRAZIL RENEWABLE ENERGY CO. (BRENCO) 236
BRITISH SUGAR, PLC 237
BUNGE 237
CAFFARO BIOFUEL S.R.L. 238
CAMPA-BIODIESEL 238
CARGILL, INC. 238
CARLOS LYRA GROUP 239
CAVITATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 239
CELLANA 239
CENTRAL EU BIOFUELS HUNGARY KFT 240
CENTRE OUEST CÉRÉALES 240
CENTRISYS CORP. 241
CERRADINHO 241
CHEMREZ TECHNOLOGIES 241
CHINA CLEAN ENERGY, INC. 242
CHINA RESOURCES ALCOHOL CORP. 242
CHOREN INDUSTRIES 243
CILION 243
CLEALCO AÇÚCAR E ALCOOL S.A. 243
COBALT BIOFUELS 244
CODEXIS, INC. 244
COMBUNET 245
COMBUSTIBLES ECOLOGICOS BIOTEL 245
COMLUBE S.R.L. 245
COMPAÑÍA ESPAÑOLA DE PETRÓLEOS, S.A. (CEPSA) 245
COSAN GROUP 246
COSKATA, INC. 246
CROP ENERGIES 247
CRYSTALSEV 247
CRISTANOL 248
CSR, LTD. 248
CTI BIOFUELS, LLC 248
D1 OILS 249
DAKA BIODIESEL 249
DALBY BIO-REFINERY, LTD. (DBRL) 250
DANISCO A/S 250
Danisco U.S., Inc., Genencor Division 250
DANSUK INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 251
CH. DAUDRUY VAN CAUWENBERGHE & FILS (DVC) 251
DEDINI S.A. INDÚSTRIAS DE BASE 251
DELTA-T CORP. 252
DESMET BALLESTRA 253
DIESTER INDUSTRIE 253
DIRECT-HOLDING 254
DISA CORP. 254
DIVERSIFIED ENERGY CORP. 254
DMF BIODIESEL 255
DOMSJO FABRIKER AB 255
DOSCHEM 256
DOUBLE A ETHANOL 256
DOW HALTERMANN CUSTOM PROCESSING 256
DP LUBRIFICANTS 257
DUNA DEVELOPMENT 257
DYADIC INTERNATIONAL 257
EARL’S NOOK, LTD. 258
EBRO PULEVA 258
E-CANE FUEL CORP. 258
ECODASA 259
ECOENERTECH CO., LTD 259
ECOMOTION 260
ECOPROMA MONTALBO 260
ECOSON 261
ECO TECH BIODIESEL AUSTRALIA, LTD. 261
EDENIQ 261
EFKO GROUP 262
EKARAT PATTANA CO. 262
ELIN BIOFUELS S.A. 262
ELSTAR OILS 263
ENERGIGÅRDARNA 263
ENERKEM 263
ENERTECH CO., LTD. 264
ENSUS 264
ENTABAN 264
EOP BIODIESEL 265
EQUIPAV 265
ES POWER 265
EVONIK INDUSTRIES 266
FAGEN, INC. 266
FHA-KWANTIP CO., LTD. 267
FLOTTWEG 267
FOX PETROLI 267
FUTURE FUELS 268
GDR BIOCARBURANTI 268
GEA GROUP 268
GLOBAL GREEN SOLUTIONS 269
GOES ON GREEN, LTD. 269
GOLDEN HOPE PLANTATIONS 270
GRACE DAVISON 270
GRAINOL, LTD. 271
GREEN BIOFUELS IRELAND, LTD. 271
GREEN BIOLOGICS, LTD. 271
GREEN FUEL 272
GREEN POWER CORP. 273
GREEN SPIRIT FUELS, LTD. 273
GREENENERGY INTERNATIONAL, LTD. 273
GREENERGY BIOFUELS 274
GREENFUEL TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 274
GREENLINE INDUSTRIES 274
GRUPO ACTIVOS 275
GRUPO ECOLOGICA NATURAL (GEN) 275
GUSHAN ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY 276
HALDOR TOPSOE 276
HENAN TIANGUAN FUEL ETHANOL CO. 277
HIELSCHER ULTRASONICS GMBH 277
HR BIOPETROLEUM 277
IBEROL NUTASA 278
I.E.C. BUSINESS PARTNERS 278
IMPRESS TECHNOLOGY 279
INEOS ENTERPRISES, LTD. 279
INFINITA RENOVABLES 280
INFINITY BIO-ENERGY 280
INVENTURE CHEMICAL 280
IOGEN CORP. 281
ITAL BI OIL S.R.L. 281
ITALIA ZUCCHERI 282
ITAMARATI (UISA) 282
JFE HOLDINGS 282
JOAO LYRA GROUP 283
J&S ENERGY S.A. 283
JILIN FUEL ETHANOL CO. 284
KATZEN INTERNATIONAL, INC. 284
KAYA ENERGY CO., LTD. 285
KELSTEIN B.V. 285
KHON KEAN ALCOHOL 285
KIOR, INC. 286
KREIDO BIOFUELS 286
LANTMÄNNEN 287
LA SEDA DE BARCELONA 287
LAXMI ORGANIC INDUSTRIES 288
LESAFFRE GROUP 288
Fermentis 288
LINARES BIODIESEL TECHNOLOGIES 289
LIVE FUELS, INC. 289
LOSONOCO 289
LOTOS CZECHOWICE 290
LOUIS DREYFUS COMMODITIES 290
LS9, INC. 291
LURGI GMBH 291
MAGYAR BIOENERGETIKAI (MABIO) 292
MANILDRA ETHANOL CORP. 292
MANNHEIM BIO FUEL GMBH 292
MASCOMA CORP. 293
MECS, INC. 293
METASINTEZ 294
METHES ENERGIES INTERNATIONAL, LTD. 294
MOL GROUP 294
MYTHEN 295
GRUPO NATURA BIOCOMBUSTIBLES S.L. 295
NATURAL ENERGY WEST (NEW) 295
NATURAL FUEL, LTD. 296
NCP BIOFUELS PTY., LTD. 296
NEOCHIM 297
NESTE OIL OYJ 297
Neste Renewable Fuels Oy 297
NORDISK ETANOLPRODUKTION AB 298
NOVA AMERICA S.A. 298
NOVOZYMES 299
NYKOMB SYNERGETICS 299
OIL B S.R.L. 300
OIL FOX 300
OJSC PAVA 301
ÖKO-LINE HUNGARY KFT. 301
OLEARIA OLIMPO 301
OLEON NV 302
OXON ENERGIA MEZZANA (OXEM) 302
P.S.C. STARCH PRODUCTS 302
PATHUM VEGETABLE OIL CO., LTD. 303
PERMOLEX INTERNATIONAL 303
PERSTORP BIOPRODUCTS 303
PETROBRAS (PETROLEO BRASILEIRO) 304
PETROESTRY 304
PETRO GREEN CO., LTD. 304
PETROSUN, INC. 305
PETROTEC GMBH 305
POET BIOREFINING 306
POLIOLI 306
PPUH SOLVENT DWORY 307
PRAJ INDUSTRIES, LTD. 307
PREEM PETROLEUM 308
PREOL 308
PRIMAFUEL 308
PRIMARY ENERGY PTY., LTD. 309
PRIO ADVANCED FUELS 309
PROVIRON FINE CHEMICALS NV 309
PURSUIT DYNAMICS, PLC 310
QTEROS 310
RAFINERIA TRZEBINIA 311
RAINBOW NATION RENEWABLE FUELS (PTY.), LTD. 311
RANGE FUELS 312
RAPID OIL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 312
REPSOL YPF 312
RHEINISCHE BIO ESTER GMBH & CO. KG (RBE) 313
ROCKY POINT DISTILLERY 313
ROHM AND HAAS CO. 313
ROQUETTE FRERES 314
ROSSI BIOFUEL 314
ROYAL NEDALCO 315
RUSBIO-DIESEL 315
SFIR GROUP (SOCIETÀ FONDIARIA INDUSTRIALE ROMAGNOLA) 315
SAFER ENERGY 316
SAMWOO OIL CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 316
SAN CARLOS BIOENERGY 316
SÃO MARTINHO GROUP 317
SARP INDUSTRIES (VEOLIA) 317
SICA ATLANTIQUE 317
SEAMBIOTIC, LTD. 318
SEKAB 318
SHAVAL BIODIESEL 319
SIYANDA BIO-DIESEL (PTY.), LTD. 319
SK CHEMICALS 320
SKOTAN SA BIOPALIWA 320
SMORGON FUELS PTY., LTD. 320
SNC LAVALIN 321
SNIACE S.A. 321
SOLAZYME 322
SOLENA GROUP 322
SOLIX BIOFUELS 322
SOOKSOMBOON ENERGY CO., LTD. 323
SOS CUETARA S.A. 323
SOUFFLET GROUP 323
STOCKS DEL VALLÈS S.A. 324
SÜD-CHEMIE AG 324
SUNOPTA 325
SUN TECH PALM OIL CO., LTD. 325
TATE & LYLE, PLC 326
TEREOS 326
THAI AGRO ENERGY CO., LTD. 326
THAI ALCOHOL PUBLIC CO., LTD. 327
THAI NGUAN ETHANOL 327
THAI OLEO CHEMICALS 327
THAI ROONG RUANG GROUP 328
THAI SUGAR ETHANOL CO., LTD. 328
TIANGUAN FUEL-ETHANOL CO. 328
TITAN GROUP 329
TMO RENEWABLES, LTD. 329
T.H.H. GROUP 330
TRANSPORTES CEFERINO MARTINEZ 330
TRIERA S.P.A. 330
UNIOL AS 330
URIEL INVERSIONES 331
USACUCAR 331
VALCENT/VERTIGRO ENERGY 331
VELOCYS, INC. 332
VERBIO VEREINIGTE BIOENERGIE AG 332
VERENIUM CORP. 333
VIRENT ENERGY SYSTEMS 333
VIRGOLINO DE OLIVEIRA S.A. ACUCAR E ALCOOL 334
VIPOIL-AGRO 334
VIREOL 335
VIRALCOOL 335
VIVERGO FUELS, LTD. 335
VOGELBUSCH GMBH 336
WEERASUWAN CO., LTD. 336
YUGTRANSITSERVIS 336
ZEACHEM, INC. 337
ZILLO LORENZETTI (ZILOR) 337
