Chapter-1: SUMMARY
SUMMARY 5
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 6
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY INDUSTRY, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS) 6
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 7
Chapter-2: OVERVIEW
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TECHNOLOGIES COVERED IN THIS REPORT 8
TABLE 1 SCOPE OF THIS REPORT 8
WHAT IS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY? 8
WHAT IS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY (CONTINUED) 9
DEVELOPMENT STAGE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 10
FORCES DRIVING SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET GROWTH 10
TABLE 2 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY GROWTH DRIVING FORCES 10
TABLE 2 (CONTINUED) 11
GLOBAL MARKET POTENTIAL FOR SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS 12
TABLE 3 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END USER, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 13
TABLE 4 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLED ENERGY MARKET BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 14
LIFE CYCLE STATUS OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TECHNOLOGIES 14
TABLE 5 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE STAGE 15
THE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY 15
TABLE 6 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY KEY COMPETITORS BY MARKET FOCUS 16
THE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY (CONTINUED) 17
Chapter-3: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TECHNOLOGIES
INTRODUCTION 18
DEFINITION OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 18
TABLE 7 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS 18
HISTORY OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 18
TABLE 8 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY HISTORY 19
PARADIGM SHIFT IN BIOLOGY 20
TABLE 9 PARADIGM SHIFT OF BIOLOGY 20
TABLE 10 GENETIC ENGINEERING AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY COMPARED 21
FIGURE 1 SCALE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 22
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 23
TABLE 11 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY APPLICATIONS BY TECHNOLOGY 23
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 24
TABLE 12 IMPORTANCE OF ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 24
COSTS OF DNA SYNTHESIS AND SEQUENCING 25
FIGURE 2 DNA SYNTHESIS AND SEQUENCING COSTS, 1990–2008 ($) 25
FIGURE 3 HUMAN GENOME SEQUENCING COSTS, 1990–2015 ($) 26
DNA SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGIES 27
FIGURE 4 SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC OF GENE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGY 27
DNA Synthesis … (Continued) 28
TABLE 13 COMPARISON OF GENE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGIES 29
PCR-Based Approaches 29
Solid-Phase Approaches 30
MICROFLUIDICS TECHNOLOGIES 31
TABLE 14 IMPORTANCE OF MICROFLUIDICS TECHNOLOGIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 31
DNA Microarrays—Oligos Synthesis 31
TABLE 15 MICROARRAY TYPES 32
TABLE 16 DNA MICROARRAY PLATFORM FEATURES 32
TABLE 17 DNA MICROARRAY PLATFORM COMPARISON FOR MAJOR MANUFACTURERS 33
TABLE 17 (CONTINUED) 34
DNA Microarrays—…(Continued) 35
FIGURE 5 MICROARRAYS IN GENE SYNTHESIS 36
DNA SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES 36
DNA Sequencing TECHNOLOGIES (continued) 37
FIGURE 6 SEQUENCING THROUGHPUT TREND, 1977–2008 38
FIGURE 7 DNA SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES 39
BIOINFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES 40
TABLE 18 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY BIOINFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES 41
BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES 41
TABLE 19 NUCLEIC ACIDS, GENES, AND GENOMES 41
SYNTHETIC GENES 42
TABLE 20 SYNTHETIC GENES AS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TOOL 42
Synthetic Genes (Continued) 43
TABLE 21 SYNTHETIC GENES VERSUS PCR CLONING 44
BIOBRICKS/IGEM PARTS 45
TABLE 22 BIOBRICKS/IGEM PARTS 46
FIGURE 8 ROLE OF PROMOTERS AND REPORTERS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY SYSTEMS 47
MINIMAL GENOMES AND CHASSIS ORGANISMS 48
TABLE 23 ATTRIBUTES OF A MINIMAL GENOME 48
Minimal Genomes and … (Continued) 49
CASE STUDY: MINIMAL E.COLI GENOME 50
Role of Directed Evolution in Designing Biologic Parts 50
ENABLED TECHNOLOGIES 51
OVERVIEW 51
TABLE 24 ENABLED TECHNOLOGIES: EXISTING AND NEAR-TERM APPLICATIONS 51
Pathway Engineering 52
FIGURE 9 HOW SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY CREATES ENABLED PRODUCTS 52
TABLE 25 METABOLIC ENGINEERING FOR ARTEMISINIC ACID 53
Synthetic Microbial Consortia 54
TABLE 26 APPLICATIONS FOR SYNTHETIC MICROBIAL CONSORTIA 55
BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGIES 56
Biofuels Feedstocks 56
TABLE 27 ENERGY BALANCE OF SELECTED FIRST-GENERATION BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS 57
Advanced-Generation Biofuels 57
TABLE 28 FIRST- AND ADVANCED-GENERATION BIOFUELS COMPARED 58
Cellulosic Biomass 59
FIGURE 10 APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS (%) 59
TABLE 29 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY STRATEGIES FOR CONVERTING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS INTO ETHANOL 60
Biofuels Types 61
TABLE 30 EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS FUELS 61
Cellulosic Ethanol 62
FIGURE 11 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION SCHEMATIC 62
TABLE 31 CORN ETHANOL COST TARGETS, 2009 ($/GAL. OF ETHANOL) 63
FIGURE 12 ESTIMATED 25 MGY CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PLANT COSTS (%) 64
Biodiesel 65
TABLE 32 IODINE NUMBER OF VARIOUS OILS 66
Other Biofuels 66
Role of Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology in Biofuels 66
TABLE 33 CONTRIBUTION OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TO BIOFUELS 67
Chapter-4: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION 68
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 68
TABLE 34 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS IMPACTED BY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 68
BIOLOGIC COMPONENTS AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS 69
TABLE 35 BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS NEAR-TERM APPLICATIONS 69
SYNTHETIC GENE APPLICATIONS 70
TABLE 36 SYNTHETIC GENES NEAR-TERM APPLICATIONS 70
Synthetic Gene Applications (Continued) 71
Synthetic Gene Applications (Continued) 72
BIOBRICKS/IGEM PARTS APPLICATIONS 73
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS 73
Synthetic Cells and Tissues 74
ENABLED PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS 75
TABLE 37 ENABLED PRODUCTS NEAR-TERM APPLICATIONS 75
APPLICATIONS BY END-USER INDUSTRY 76
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS 76
TABLE 38 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS FOR SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS 76
PHARMACEUTICALS APPLICATIONS 77
TABLE 39 DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS FOR SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS 77
Pharmaceuticals Applications (Continued) 78
TABLE 40 PIPELINE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLED DRUGS 79
ENERGY APPLICATIONS 80
TABLE 41 ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCKS AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES 80
TABLE 42 ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL COMMON BLENDS 81
TABLE 43 FIRST-GENERATION FUEL ETHANOL GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND GOALS, 2007 (MILLION GALS.) 82
TABLE 44 FIRST-GENERATION BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND GOALS, 2007 (MILLION GALS.) 83
United States 83
FIGURE 13 RENEWABLE FUELS STANDARDS, UNITED STATES, 2008–2013 (BILLION GALS./ YR) 84
TABLE 45 DOE FUNDING FOR CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS, 2007–2011 ($ MILLIONS) 85
Canada 86
Brazil 87
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 87
Chemical Industry Applications (Continued) 88
Chapter-5: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY VALUE CHAIN 89
FIGURE 14 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY VALUE CHAIN WITH SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY LEVERAGE POINTS 90
INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL FORCES 91
TABLE 46 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL FORCES 91
INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL FORCES (CONTINUED) 92
PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE 93
TABLE 47 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE STAGE 93
INDUSTRY COMPETITOR POSITIONING 94
TABLE 48 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY KEY COMPETITORS BY MARKET FOCUS 95
GENE SYNTHESIS INDUSTRY 96
GENE SYNTHESIS WORKFLOW 96
TABLE 49 GENE SYNTHESIS WORKFLOW 96
Gene Synthesis Workflow (Continued) 97
GENE SYNTHESIS COMPETITOR STRATEGIES 98
FIGURE 15 SYNTHETIC GENE COMPANY ESTIMATED MARKET SHARES, 2008 (%) 99
Gene Synthesis … (Continued) 100
TABLE 50 SYNTHETIC GENE KEY COMPETITOR STRATEGIES 101
Gene Synthesis … (Continued) 102
Gene Synthesis Value Chain 103
Synthetic Gene Market Segments 104
Automated, Standardized Market Segment 104
Value-Added Market Segments 104
TABLE 51 GENE SYNTHESIS MARKET FACTORS OF DIFFERENTIATION 105
BIOFUELS INDUSTRY 106
COMPETITIVE DIFFERENTIATION 106
FEEDSTOCKS 107
TABLE 52 BIOFUELS: FEEDSTOCKS, PRODUCTION, AND PRODUCTS 107
FIGURE 16 BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCKS: RELATIVE COSTS AND VOLUMES 108
Sugars/Starches 108
Vegetable Oils 109
Biomass 109
Algae 109
TABLE 53 BIODIESEL YIELD OF SELECTED CROPS (GALS./ACRE/YR.) 109
CO2 110
CELLULOSIC ETHANOL INDUSTRY 111
TABLE 54 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PLANTS (MGY) 111
Cellulosic Ethanol Industry (Continued) 112
BIOFUELS COMPETITOR STRATEGIES 113
TABLE 55 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-BASED BIOFUELS COMPANY STRATEGIES 114
TABLE 55 (CONTINUED) 115
Agrivida 115
Amyris 116
BP 116
DuPont 116
Gevo 116
LS9 117
Mascoma 117
OpX Biotechnologies 117
Sequesco 118
Solazyme 118
Synthetic Genomics 118
Verdezyne 118
Verenium 119
ROLE OF BIOFUELS FOUNDERS AND INVESTORS 119
TABLE 56 ROLE OF INVESTORS AND FOUNDERS IN BIOFUELS COMPANIES 119
ENZYMES INDUSTRY 120
TABLE 57 ENZYME COMPANY KEY ALLIANCES 121
PHARMACEUTICALS INDUSTRY 122
TABLE 58 PHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY STRATEGIES 122
INDUSTRY ACQUISITIONS AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 123
TABLE 59 INDUSTRY ACQUISITIONS, 2006–2008 123
TABLE 60 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY STRATEGIC ALLIANCES, 2006–2009 124
TABLE 60 (CONTINUED) 125
TABLE 60 (CONTINUED) 126
BIODEFENSE ISSUES 127
TABLE 61 FUTURE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY SECURITY REGULATIONS 127
SUPPORTING INDUSTRY ORGANIZATIONS 128
TABLE 62 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY ENABLING ORGANIZATIONS 128
TABLE 62 (CONTINUED) 129
SUPPORTING INDUSTRY … (CONTINUED) 130
FIGURE 17 GROWTH IN IGEM (NUMBER) 131
Chapter-6: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKETS
GROWTH DRIVING FORCES 132
TABLE 63 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY GROWTH DRIVING FORCES 133
FIGURE 18 NIH BUDGET OUTLAYS, 2000–2009 ($ BILLIONS) 134
FIGURE 19 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS, 2000–2008 (NUMBER) 135
MARKET FORECASTS 136
FIGURE 20 MARKET FORECAST SCENARIO TABLE 136
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKETS BY INDUSTRY 137
Summary 137
TABLE 64 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END USER, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 137
R&D Market 138
TABLE 65 GLOBAL VALUE OF R&D MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 138
Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals Market 139
TABLE 66 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 140
Chemicals Market 141
TABLE 67 GLOBAL VALUE OF CHEMICALS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 141
Energy Market 142
TABLE 68 GLOBAL VALUE OF ENERGY MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 142
FIGURE 21 S-CURVE FOR SECOND-GENERATION BIOFUELS 143
TABLE 69 WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY TRENDS, 2002–2008 (MILLIONS TONS/YR) 144
TABLE 70 GLOBAL BIOFUELS SUPPLY BY PRODUCT CLASS, THROUGH 2013 (KBOED) 145
FIGURE 22 GLOBAL BIOFUELS MARKET, 2013 (GALS./YR.) 145
FIGURE 22 (CONTINUED) 146
FIGURE 23 GLOBAL CELLULOSIC SECOND-GENERATION BIOFUELS MARKET, 2013 (GALS./YR) 146
FIGURE 23 (CONTINUED) 147
FIGURE 24 UNITED STATES BIOFUELS MARKET GOALS, 2022 (%) 147
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKETS BY PRODUCT TYPE 148
Summary 148
TABLE 71 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 148
Summary (Continued) 149
Enabling Products Market 150
TABLE 72 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLING PRODUCTS MARKET, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 150
Biological Parts Market 151
TABLE 73 GLOBAL VALUE OF DNA SYNTHESIS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 151
TABLE 74 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOLOGIC PARTS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 152
Standardized Market Segment 152
Value-Added Market Segments 152
TABLE 75 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOLOGIC PARTS MARKET BY END USER INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 153
TABLE 76 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOLOGIC PARTS BY SUPPLIER TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 154
TABLE 77 HOMEBREW VERSUS COMMERCIAL COST COMPARISON FOR SYNTHESIZING A TYPICAL 714 BP GFP GENE ($) 155
Integrated Systems Market 156
TABLE 78 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INTEGRATED SYSTEMS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 156
Enabled Products Market 156
TABLE 79 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLED PRODUCTS MARKET BY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 157
TABLE 80 GLOBAL VALUE OF ENABLED R&D MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 158
TABLE 81 GLOBAL VALUE OF ENABLED PHARMACEUTICALS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 159
TABLE 82 GLOBAL VALUE OF ENABLED CHEMICALS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 160
TABLE 82 (CONTINUED) 161
TABLE 83 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLED ENERGY MARKET BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 162
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION 163
Summary 163
TABLE 84 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 164
Importance of Geography to Fuels Markets 165
Importance of Geography … (Continued) 166
Chapter-7: PATENT STATUS
INTRODUCTION 167
FOUNDATIONAL PATENTS 167
TABLE 85 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY FOUNDATIONAL PATENTS 168
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY PATENT ANALYSIS 169
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY (continued) 170
FIGURE 25 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COMPANY 171
FIGURE 25 (CONTINUED) 172
TABLE 86 PATENT DESCRIPTION BY COMPANY 173
FIGURE 26 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PATENTS BY COMPANY AND SUBCLASS (NUMBER OF PATENTS) 174
FIGURE 26 (CONTINUED) 175
LITIGATION STATUS 176
TABLE 87 IP LITIGATION STATUS 176
IP STRATEGY OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY COMPANIES 177
METABOLIX 177
DUPONT 178
GENEART 178
FEBIT 179
Chapter-8: COMPANY PROFILES
AGRIVIDA 180
AMYRIS BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 180
TABLE 88 AMYRIS BIODIESEL ADVANTAGES 181
ATG BIOSYNTHETICS GMBH 182
BASF AG 183
BIO BASIC, INC. 184
BIOCAT GMBH 184
BIONEER CORP. 185
BIONEXUS, INC. 185
BIO S&T, INC. 186
BIOTICA TECHNOLOGY, LTD. 186
BIOTICA TECHNOLOGY, LTD. (CONTINUED) 187
TABLE 89 STRUCTURE-FUNCTION APPROACH FOR RAPAMYCIN 188
TABLE 90 BIOTICA PROJECTS PIPELINE 189
BLUE HERON BIOTECHNOLOGIES 190
BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB 190
BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB (CONTINUED) 191
BRITISH PETROLEUM 192
CELLICON BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 193
CODEXIS, INC. 194
CODON DEVICES, INC. 195
DANISCO A/S 195
DNA 2.0 196
TABLE 91 DNA2.0 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 197
DRATHS CORP. 198
DUPONT 199
DUPONT (CONTINUED) 200
DYADIC INTERNATIONAL, INC. 201
ENTELECHON GMBH 201
EPOCH BIOLABS, INC. 202
ERAGEN BIOSCIENCES, INC. 203
EUROFINS MEDIGENOMIX GMBH 203
EUROFINS MWG OPERON 204
FEBIT SYNBIO GMBH 204
GENEART AG 205
TABLE 92 GENEART MAJOR STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 206
GENEART AG (CONTINUED) 207
GENEMED SYNTHESIS, INC. 208
GENSCRIPT CORP. 208
GENEWORKS PTY, LTD. 208
GEVO, INC. 209
TABLE 93 GEVO ISOBUTANOL PRODUCTION FORECAST (GALS./YR.) 209
HELICOS BIOSCIENCES CORP. 210
HELICOS BIOSCIENCES CORP. (CONTINUED) 211
HELICOS BIOSCIENCES CORP. (CONTINUED) 212
INTEGRATED DNA TECHNOLOGIES 213
ILLUMINA, INC. 213
ILLUMINA, INC. (CONTINUED) 214
INSTITUTE FOR ONEWORLD HEALTH 215
IOGEN CORP. 216
JOULE BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 216
KHOSLA VENTURES 216
TABLE 94 KHOSLA VENTURES BIOFUELS INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO 217
LC SCIENCES 217
LIFE TECHNOLOGIES 218
LIFE TECHNOLOGIES (CONTINUED) 219
LS9, INC. 220
MASCOMA 221
TABLE 95 MASCOMA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STATUS 222
MAXYGEN 223
MERCK & CO. 224
METABOLIX, INC. 225
TABLE 96 METABOLOMIX BUSINESS STRATEGY 225
METRIGEN, INC. 226
NOVOZYMES A/S 227
OMEGA BIO-TEK, INC. 227
OPX BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 228
PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES 229
PFIZER 230
PROTOLIFE SRL 231
QTEROS 232
ROCHE LIFE SCIENCES 232
ROCHE LIFE SCIENCES (CONTINUED) 233
ROYAL DSM N.V. 234
SANGAMO BIOSCIENCES, INC. 234
SANGAMO BIOSCIENCES, INC. (CONTINUED) 235
SANOFI AVENTIS 236
SCARAB GENOMICS, LLC 237
SEQUESCO 238
SLONING BIOTECHNOLOGY, GMBH 238
SOLAZYME, INC. 239
TABLE 97 SOLAZYME STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 240
SYNTHETIC GENOMICS 240
SYNTHETIC GENOMICS (CONTINUED) 241
TABLE 98 SYNTHETIC GENOMICS STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 242
VERDEZYNE 242
TABLE 99 VERDEZYNE STRATEGIC COLLABORATIONS 243
VERENIUM CORP. 244
VERENIUM CORP. (CONTINUED) 245
