2008/2009 Healthcare Research Review

2008/2009 Healthcare Research Review

Despite the global economic slowdown that began in 2008 and continues into 2009, technology markets in healthcare and related industries remain strong. Companies that provide technology products or related services to healthcare markets are well-positioned to weather the current weak economy and be poised to take full advantage of these growing markets when recovery arrives.

BCC Research has provided comprehensive coverage of healthcare technology markets for many years, and we are now in the process of increasing our production of healthcare-related technology market research reports. This review of healthcare research conducted in 2008 and the first half of 2009 is meant to provide a sampling of the type of quantitative market information, analysis, and guidance that has been aiding business decision-making since BCC was founded in 1971.

This review includes highlights of reports published by BCC Research on the following healthcare technology markets:

Medical Diagnostic Kits
Minimally Invasive Medical Devices
Cancer Therapies
The Dental Market
Organ and Tissue Transplantation and Alternatives
Disabled and Elderly Assistive Technologies
Medical Device Coatings
Pediatric Health Care Products and Services

We hope you find this Research Review valuable, and we look forward to serving our customers’ research needs in these growing healthcare markets.

Chapter-1: MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS KITS

INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
SCOPE OF REPORT 2
INFORMATION SOURCES 3
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4
RELATED REPORTS 4
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 4
DISCLAIMER 4
SUMMARY 5
REPORT HIGHLIGHTS 6
TABLE 1 PROJECTED U.S. MDK MARKET BY END-USE SEGMENT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 7
FIGURE 1 PROJECTED U.S. MDK MARKET BY END-USE SEGMENT, 2007–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 8
THE MDK INDUSTRY 8
WHAT ARE MDKS? 8
ADVANTAGES OF MDKS 9
USES FOR MDKS 10
Clinical Testing 10
Clinical Diagnostic Testing 10
Monitoring 10
Screening 11
Confirmatory Testing 11
Research 11
Home Use 11
Veterinary Diagnosis 11
MARKET SIZE 12
TABLE 2 PROJECTED U.S. MDK MARKET COMPARED WITH THE TOTAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS) 12
Relation to Total Testing Market 13
FIGURE 2 MDK’S RELATIVE SHARE OF U.S. TESTING MARKET PROJECTED, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS) 13
ALTERNATIVE METHODS 13
TABLE 3 ALTERNATIVE METHODS TO MDKS AND AREA OF PRIMARY USE 14
Chemical Assay 14
Culture 14
Microscopy 15
Biological Assay 15
Chromatographic Separation 15
MDK APPLICATIONS 16
TABLE 4 SELECTED MDK APPLICATIONS 16
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 17
Reagents 17
Device/Carrier 17
Packaging 17
Component Suppliers 18
FIGURE 3 COMPONENTS OF AN MDK 18
TABLE 5 SELECTED LISTING OF MDK COMPONENT SUPPLIERS BY AREA OF PARTICIPATION 19
END MARKETS 19
TABLE 6 MDK APPLICATIONS BY END-USE FACILITY 20
Clinical Testing Facilities 20
TABLE 7 U.S. CLINICAL TESTING FACILITIES WITH POTENTIAL FOR USING MDKS: CLIA VS. NON-CLIA 21
CLIA-Certified Laboratories 21
Non-CLIA Laboratories/Facilities 21
Research Laboratories 21
Home-Use Market 22
Veterinary Applications 22
TABLE 8 SELECTED LISTING OF ANIMAL TESTING MDKS 23
TRADE PRACTICES 23
Promotion 23
Pricing 24
Sales Tie-ins 24

Chapter-2: THE MARKET FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE MEDICAL DEVICES

INTRODUCTION 25
MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY 25
Minimally Invasive vs. Ambulatory Surgery 25
Minimally Invasive vs. Noninvasive Surgery 26
STUDY BACKGROUND 26
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 27
INTENDED AUDIENCE 28
SCOPE OF REPORT 28
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 29
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 29
RELATED BCC RESEARCH STUDIES 30
SUMMARY 30
TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MIS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS) 31
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MIS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT, 2007–2014 ($ BILLIONS) 31
GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS 32
TABLE 10 MARKET FOR MIS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT SALES BY REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 32
FIGURE 5 MAJOR MIS GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS, 2007 VS. 2014 (% OF TOTAL SALES) 33
END-USER SEGMENTS 33
TABLE11 U.S. MARKETS FOR MIS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT SALES BY END-USER TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 34
FIGURE 6 MAJOR U.S. MIS END-USER SEGMENTS, 2007 VS 2014 (% OF TOTAL SALES) 35

Chapter-3: CANCER THERAPIES: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS

INTRODUCTION 36
STUDY OBJECTIVES 36
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 36
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM 37
SCOPE OF THE STUDY 37
METHODOLOGY 37
INFORMATION SOURCES 37
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 37
RELATED BCC REPORTS 38
SUMMARY 38
TABLE 12 THE GLOBAL CANCER THERAPY MARKET, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 38
FIGURE 7 THE GLOBAL CANCER THERAPY MARKET, 2006–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 39
REGULATORY ISSUES 40
NEW DRUG APPROVALS 40
TABLE 13 CANCER DRUGS APPROVED BY THE FDA 40
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 41
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 42
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 43
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 44
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 45
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 46
TABLE 13 (CONTINUED) 47
NEW DRUG APPLICATIONS 47
TABLE 14 NEW DRUG APPLICATIONS (2005 TO JANUARY 2008) 47
TABLE 14 (CONTINUED) 48
RECALLS 48
TABLE 15 RECALLS (2005 TO JANUARY 2008) 49
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) 50
TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) 51

Chapter-4: THE DENTAL MARKET: TECHNIQUES, EQUIPMENT, AND MATERIALS

INTRODUCTION 52
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 52
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 52
SCOPE OF REPORT 52
METHODOLOGY 53
RELATED BCC STUDIES 53
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 53
SUMMARY 54
THE DENTAL MARKET: MAJOR MARKETS SUMMARY 54
TABLE 16 TOTAL U.S. DENTAL MARKET ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT SEGMENT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 55
FIGURE 8 TOTAL U.S. DENTAL MARKET ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT SEGMENT, 2006–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 55
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 56
STRUCTURE AND HISTORY OF THE DENTAL INDUSTRY 56
Structure and History of … (Continued) 57
Structure and History of … (Continued) 58
DESCRIPTIONS AND STATISTICS OF DENTAL PRACTICES 59
Endodontics 59
Orthodontics 60
Periodontics 60
Prosthodontics 61
Dental Offices 61
TABLE 17 DENTAL PROFESSIONALS BY YEAR, 1990–2005 (NUMBER) 62
Dental Laboratories 62
TECHNOLOGY 62
FUTURE OF DENTISTRY 62
DIGITAL INTRAORAL CAMERAS 63
REMINERALIZING AGENTS, FLUORIDE, AND BLEACHING PRODUCTS 64
PRACTICE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE 64
DIGITAL AND 3D DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY 64
SNAP-ON SMILE 65
LIGHT-ACTIVATED WHITENING SYSTEMS 66
AIR ABRASION 66
MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES 67
LASER CARIES DETECTION 67
COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING/COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAD/CAM) 67
PROFESSIONAL DENTAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 68
OVERVIEW 68
DENTAL EQUIPMENT 68
Overview 68
Product Description 68
Dental Furniture 68
Operatory Units 69
TABLE 18 SELECTED MANUFACTURER AND DISTRIBUTOR LIST FOR GENERAL DENTAL FURNITURE 69
Cavity Preparation Systems and Air Abrasion Units 69
Dental Lasers 70
•Diode Laser 70
•CO2 Laser 71
•Erbium Laser 71
TABLE 19 SELECTED LIST OF DENTAL LASER MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS 71
Sterilizers and Autoclaves 72
TABLE 20 SELECTED DENTAL STERILIZER AND AUTOCLAVE SUPPLIERS 72
Amalgamators and Mixers 72
TABLE 21 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF AMALGAMATORS AND MIXERS 73
X-ray Devices and Related Equipment 73
•Digital Dental X-Ray Systems 73
•Film Processors 74
TABLE 22 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF DENTAL X-RAY DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT 75
Other Types of Dental Equipment 75
•Intraoral Cameras 75
TABLE 23 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF INTRAORAL CAMERAS 76
•Air Compressors and Vacuum Systems 76
TABLE 24 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF AIR COMPRESSORS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS 76
Nitrous Oxide Systems 77
TABLE 25 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF NITROUS OXIDE SYSTEMS 77
•Ultrasonic Cleaners 77
TABLE 26 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF ULTRASONIC CLEANERS 77
•Scalers 78
TABLE 27 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF DENTAL SCALERS 78
•Curing Lights 78
TABLE 28 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF CURING LIGHTS 78
•Laboratory Equipment 79
TABLE 29 SELECTED MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT 79
MARKET ANALYSIS 79
TABLE 30   MARKET FOR DENTAL EQUIPMENT BY PRODUCT SEGMENT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 80
FIGURE 9 MARKET FOR DENTAL EQUIPMENT BY PRODUCT SEGMENT, 2006–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 80



Chapter-5: ORGAN AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION AND ALTERNATIVES <./
INTRODUCTION 81
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 81
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 81
INTENDED AUDIENCE 82
SCOPE OF REPORT 82
METHODOLOGY 82
INFORMATION SOURCES 83
AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS 83
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS 83
SUMMARY 83
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 84
TABLE 31 U.S. MARKET FOR SOLID ORGAN AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 85
FIGURE 10 U.S. MARKET FOR SOLID ORGAN AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION, 2007–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 85
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 85
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW (CONTINUED) 86
HISTORY OF TRANSPLANTATION 87
TISSUE TYPING 87
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION 87
Newer Immunosuppressive Drugs 88
PRESERVATION 89
GOVERNMENT REIMBURSEMENT 90
THE TRANSPLANTATION PROCESS 90
PREPARATION 90
SURGERY 91
RECUPERATION 91
MAINTENANCE 92
IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 92
ORGANS 92
TABLE 32 U.S. ORGAN TRANSPLANTS: AVERAGE FIRST YEAR COST, NUMBER OF PROCEDURES AND VALUE BY TYPE OF ORGAN TRANSPLANT, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 93
KIDNEY 93
TABLE 33 LEADING U.S. KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL NUMBER OF PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 94
LIVER 94
TABLE 34 TOP FIVE U.S. LIVER TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 95
HEART 95
TABLE 35 TOP FIVE U.S. HEART TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 96
LUNG 96
TABLE 36 TOP FIVE U.S. LUNG TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 96
INTESTINE 97
TABLE 37 TOP FIVE U.S. INTESTINE/SMALL BOWEL TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 97
PANCREAS 97
TABLE 38 TOP FIVE U.S. PANCREAS TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS BY TOTAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN 2007 98
TISSUES 98
DRIVERS IN THE MARKET 99
TABLE 39 TISSUE GRAFTING IN THE U.S. BY TISSUE TYPE, THROUGH 2013 (MILLION PROCEDURES) 99
FIGURE 11 U.S. MARKET FOR TISSUE GRAFTING PROCEDURES BY TYPE, 2007–2013 (MILLION PROCEDURES) 100
CORNEA 100
BLOOD STEM CELLS 101
BONE ALLOGRAFTS 101
HEART VALVES 101
VASCULAR TISSUE 102
SKIN AND COLLAGEN 102
Applications 102
WAITING LISTS OUTPACE DONATIONS 103
TABLE 40 PATIENTS ON U.S. WAITING LISTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR BY TYPE OF ORGAN TRANSPLANT, 2003–2006 103
TABLE 40 (CONTINUED) 104
TRENDS IN U.S. LIVING AND CADAVERIC DONATIONS 104
TABLE 41 TRENDS IN U.S. LIVING AND CADAVERIC DONATIONS, THROUGH 2013 105
TRENDS IN TRANSPLANTATION OF ALL ORGANS 105
TABLE 42 U.S. ORGAN TRANSPLANTS, THROUGH 2006 (NUMBER OF PROCEDURES) 105
INTERNATIONAL TRENDS 106
TABLE 43 NUMBERS OF DONATED CADAVERS BY REGION, 2003–2006 106
LIMITED SUPPLY CURTAILS TRANSPLANTATIONS 106
Living Donor Programs 107
KEY FACTORS IN INDUSTRY GROWTH 107
Reducing Demand 107
Patient Survival Rates 108
TABLE 44 ONE-YEAR AND FIVE-YEAR PATIENT SURVIVAL RATES, BY ORGAN FOR TRANSPLANTS PERFORMED, 1997–2004 (%) 108
TABLE 45 ONE-YEAR AND FIVE-YEAR GRAFT SURVIVAL RATES, BY ORGAN FOR TRANSPLANTS PERFORMED, 1997–2004 (%) 108
TABLE 46 NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN THE U.S. LIVING WITH A FUNCTIONING TRANSPLANT BY TYPE, 2000–2005* 109
Organ Substitutes 109
Organs from Animals: Xenotransplantation 109
Organ Primordia 110
Nuclear Transfer to Eliminate the Rejection Gene 110
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus 111
ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 111
CELLULAR TRANSPLANTS 112
ORGAN REJECTION STRATEGIES 112
KEY FACTORS INHIBITING GROWTH 113
LACK OF DONORS 113
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES 113
CULTURAL STIGMAS 113

Chapter-6: DISABLED AND ELDERLY ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE U.S.

INTRODUCTION 114
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS 114
STUDY BACKGROUND 114
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 115
INTENDED AUDIENCE 115
SCOPE OF REPORT 116
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 117
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 117
RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 117
SUMMARY 118
TABLE 47 PROJECTED U.S. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY SALES, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 118
FIGURE 12 PROJECTED U.S. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY SALES, 2007–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 119
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION 119
NUMBER AND SIZE OF FIRMS 119
MARKET SHARES 120
Mobility Aids 120
FIGURE 13 MOBILITY AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 121
Access Aids 121
FIGURE 14 ACCESS AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 122
Beds, Seating Systems, and Ergonomic Aids 122
FIGURE 15 BEDS, SEATING SYSTEMS, AND ERGONOMETRIC AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 123
Daily Living Aids 123
FIGURE 16 DAILY LIVING AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 124
Communication Aids 124
FIGURE 17 COMMUNICATION AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 125
Computer Access Aids 125
FIGURE 18 COMPUTER ACCESS AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 126
Vision and Reading Aids 127
FIGURE 19 VISION AND READING AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 127
FIGURE 19 (CONTINUED) 128
Environmental Aids 128
Medical/Personal Monitoring Aids 128
FIGURE 20 MEDICAL/PERSONAL MONITORING AIDS MARKET LEADERS, 2007 (%) 129

Chapter-7: MEDICAL DEVICE COATINGS

INTRODUCTION 130
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 130
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 130
INTENDED AUDIENCE 131
SCOPE OF REPORT 131
TWENTY-TWO MEDICAL SPECIALTIES 132
Twenty-two Medical Specialties (Continued) 133
METHODOLOGY 134
INFORMATION SOURCES 134
ANALYST’S CREDENTIALS 135
RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS 135
SUMMARY 135
TABLE 48 GLOBAL MEDICAL DEVICE COATING MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 136
FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MEDICAL DEVICE COATING MARKET BY REGION, 2009 AND 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 137

Chapter-8: PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

INTRODUCTION 138
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 138
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 138
INTENDED AUDIENCE 139
SCOPE OF REPORT 139
INFORMATION SOURCES 139
ANALYST’S CREDENTIALS 140
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS 140
SUMMARY 140
PROJECTED GROWTH OF PEDIATRIC MARKETS 141
TABLE 49 GLOBAL TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 141
FIGURE 22 GLOBAL TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE BASED ON CONDITION, 2007–2013 ($ MILLIONS) 141
MARKET FORECASTS FOR SHORT-TERM ILLNESSES 142
Rotavirus 142
Ear Infections 142
Upper Respiratory Infections 142
MARKET FORECASTS FOR CHRONIC ILLNESSES 142
Allergies 143
Attention Deficit Disorders 143
Asthma 143
Autism Spectrum Disorders 144
Diabetes 144
Obesity 144
OVERVIEW OF THE PEDIATRIC HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY 145
TABLE 50 PROJECTED PEDIATRIC PREVENTATIVE CARE COSTS FROM BIRTH THROUGH AGE 18 IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 145
PRENATAL CARE/IMPLICATIONS 145
International Prenatal Care/Implications 146
Low Birth Weight 146
NEWBORN CARE 147
Care in the U.S. 147
International Newborn Care 147
Malnutrition 148
CHILDREN AGE 1 TO 6 148
CHILDREN AGE 7 TO 12 149
ADOLESCENT CHILDREN AGE 13 TO 18 149
ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 150
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 150
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 150
VACCINES/IMMUNIZATIONS 151
TABLE 51 IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR CHILDREN FROM BIRTH TO 6 MONTHS 151
TABLE 52 IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR CHILDREN FROM 12 MONTHS TO 4 TO 6 YEARS 152
TABLE 53 IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM 7 TO 18 152
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED) 153
Vaccine Efficacy and Controversy 153
IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE U.S. 153
SHORT-TERM ILLNESSES IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION 154
TABLE 54 GLOBAL COSTS OF THREE PRIMARY SHORT-TERM ILLNESSES IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 155
FIGURE 23 GLOBAL COST OF PEDIATRIC SHORT-TERM ILLNESS, 2008 AND 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 155
OTITIS MEDIA (EAR INFECTIONS) 156
Causes of Otitis Media 156
Allergies 156
Infection 156
Blockage 157
Nutrition and Breastfeeding 157
Types and Symptoms 157
Treatment 158
Pharmacological Intervention 158
•Use of Prevnar 158
TABLE 55 GLOBAL PRESCRIPTION COSTS FOR TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC OTITIS MEDIA, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 159
TABLE 56 PRESCRIPTION COSTS FOR TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC OTITIS MEDIA, IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 159
Surgical Intervention 160
•Myringotomy 160
TABLE 57 GLOBAL SURGICAL COSTS FOR MYRINGOTOMY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 160
TABLE 58 SURGICAL COSTS FOR MYRINGOTOMY IN U.S. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 161
•Adenoidectomy and Tonsillectomy 161
Adenoidectomy … (Continued) 162
TABLE 59 GLOBAL SURGICAL COSTS FOR TONSILLECTOMY/ADENOIDECTOMY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 163
TABLE 60 SURGICAL COSTS FOR TONSILLECTOMY/ADENOIDECTOMY IN U.S. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 163
GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESSES 163
Rotavirus 164
Transmission 164
Symptoms 164
Treatment 164
•Dehydration 165
•Zinc 165
Vaccinations 165
•Rotateq 166
•Rotarix 166
TABLE 61 GLOBAL VACCINATION FOR PEDIATRIC ROTOVIRUS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 166
TABLE 62 U.S. VACCINATION FOR PEDIATRIC ROTOVIRUS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 166
Gastroesophageal Reflux 167
Treatment 167
•Eliminate Symptoms 167
•Heal Esophagus 168
•Prevent Complications 168
TABLE 63 CURRENT TREATMENTS FOR GERD 168
UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS 169
TABLE 64 GLOBAL DIRECT COSTS OF PEDIATRIC UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 169
TABLE 65 DIRECT COSTS FOR PEDIATRIC UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN THE U.S, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 170
Causes and Symptoms 170
TABLE 66 COMMON SYMPTOMS OF AN URI 171
Treatments 171
Increased Fluid Intake 171
Second-Hand Smoke 172
Medications 172
Antibiotic Treatments 172
Withdrawing Medicines 173
Complications 174