DNA Vaccines: Technologies and Global Markets

• Publication date: September 2009

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The goal for this study is to determine the specific applications and global market demand for DNA vaccine products over a 5-year period from 2009 to 2014. Our particular interest is to analyze and quantify the DNA vaccines market potential by disease type, end-use market, and technology. We also identify emerging growth opportunities in DNA vaccine delivery technologies, adjuvants, and synthetic genes....

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The goal for this study is to determine the specific applications and global market demand for DNA vaccine products over a 5-year period from 2009 to 2014. Our particular interest is to analyze and quantify the DNA vaccines market potential by disease type, end-use market, and technology. We also identify emerging growth opportunities in DNA vaccine delivery technologies, adjuvants, and synthetic genes.

Our key objective is to present a comprehensive analysis of the emerging DNA vaccine industry, with an emphasis on products and technologies that are commercially important in the 2009 to 2014 time period. The role of DNA vaccines within the overall vaccine industry is examined. We highlight high growth and market potential segments of the industry. This analysis provides a quantitative market basis for biotechnology, pharmaceutical, adjuvant, and gene delivery companies to make strategic choices about DNA vaccine technologies and markets. The report will be particularly useful to companies supplying DNA vaccine components and systems, including synthetic genes, DNA delivery technologies, and adjuvants.

In addition, the study will benefit a wide range of life-science companies that supply enabling technologies for vaccine discovery and development, such as micro fluidics, nanotechnology, and genomics and proteomics tools.


HIGHLIGHTS

- Presents a comprehensive analysis of the emerging global DNA vaccine industry
- Forecasts sales in the global market for DNA vaccines through 2014
- Highlights products and technologies that are commercially important in the 2009 to 2014 time period
- Quantifies the DNA vaccines market potential by disease, end use market and technology
- Identifies emerging growth opportunities in DNA vaccine delivery technologies, adjuvants and synthetic genes
- Includes company profiles along with patents by technology and patents by company.


REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

The vaccine industry is rapidly changing from a mostly empirical approach to a rational design approach. Rapid developments in molecular biology, DNA synthesis, and immunobiology enable rational design approaches. These technologies allow highly targeted vaccines aimed at specific epitopes. The result is new vaccines for a wider range of diseases than was previously feasible, including a new class of therapeutic vaccines. These new technologies allow pharmaceutical firms to discover and develop high-value vaccines for novel applications, creating a substantial new market opportunity.

DNA vaccines have many potential advantages, including specific targeting, use of multiple genes to enhance immunity, and reduced risk compared with conventional vaccines. Translating the advantages of DNA vaccines into the clinic has historically been difficult; however, new advances in the fields of vaccine design and DNA delivery are addressing the previous issues. Achievements in these fields promise to overcome the translational hurdles and create strategic opportunity. This report analyzes these trends and their effects on the future markets for DNA vaccines.

The technological and structural changes occurring in the vaccine industry are strong driving forces for revitalizing this particular market and providing new growth opportunities. It is important that biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms understand the technology and market dynamics within this industry in order to best develop strategic plans and actions.

Based on these market and technology dynamics, it is especially timely to examine the future DNA vaccines markets.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

We have compiled a study of DNA vaccine technologies that will be commercially important in the major market segments, including cancer, infectious diseases, animal health, allergies, and biodefense.

We present DNA vaccine delivery and synthesis technologies; growth driving forces; product formats; market applications; clinical trials; industry structure and alliances; and global sales forecasts for the period 2009 through 2014. We estimate the future use of DNA vaccines in the important disease markets, and by technology.

This report will serve as a useful industry guide for biotechnology, DNA plasmid, gene therapy, DNA delivery, pharmaceutical, vaccine, animal health, and biodefense companies; as well as for suppliers of genetic tools, synthetic genes, and vaccine adjuvants. It will also be of interest to professionals within the regulatory agencies to understand the scope and pace of DNA vaccine technologies as they move from clinical trials into the market.

SCOPE OF REPORT

The study scope includes DNA vaccine products that are commercial or likely to be commercialized within the next 5 years. Both human and animal health markets are studied. DNA vaccine delivery technologies are also included. DNA vaccine candidates in clinical trials are examined by indication, and future market growth from 2009 through 2014 is estimated.

The role that DNA vaccines play in the overall vaccines industry is examined, as well as how the vaccine industry structure and dynamics are changing.

We examine DNA synthesis, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals firms; strategic industry alliances; and the role of gene delivery and synthesis technologies. The major markets for DNA vaccines, including infectious diseases, cancers, animal health, allergies, and biodefense, are analyzed and the main companies in these fields are highlighted.

METHODOLOGY

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used to prepare this report. BCC Research surveyed key users and producers in each of the end-user market segments and technology fields that will be commercially important during the next 5 years. Interviews with industry thought leaders were conducted, and an extensive review of secondary sources was done, as well as secondary market research was performed.

A vaccine value-chain method is used to study competitor, technology, and market positioning.

Based on our analysis, we project the future applications of DNA vaccines by market segment and technology type, and forecast sales revenues for 2009 through 2014.

INFORMATION SOURCES

The author surveyed biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and gene synthesis companies to obtain data for this study. Included were life-science research tools, drug, biotechnology, DNA synthesis firms, as well as leading life-science research institutions. We also spoke with industry thought leaders. In addition, we compiled data from secondary sources, including industry, trade, and government.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

The author, John Bergin, has written previous biotechnology reports entitled Epigenomics: Emerging Opportunities in Biomarkers, Diagnostics and Therapeutics; Global Biochip Markets: Microarrays and Lab-on-a-chip; RNA Interference in the Post-Genomics Era: Markets and Technologies; DNA Sequencing: Emerging Technologies and Markets; Biologic Imaging Reagents: Future Technologies and Markets and Synthetic Biology. Mr. Bergin has held business development, sales and marketing positions with a Fortune 500 advanced materials company, as well as executive management positions with an emerging nanotechnology company. Mr. Bergin holds the following degrees: B.S. Chemistry, M.S. Biotechnology, and Masters of Business Administration.

Global Drug And Medication Industry

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
INTENDED AUDIENCE
SCOPE OF REPORT
METHODOLOGY
INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC REPORTS
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
BCC ONLINE SERVICES
DISCLAIMER

Chapter-2: SUMMARY

SUMMARY
SUMMARY TABLE   GLOBAL VALUE OF DNA VACCINE MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
SUMMARY FIGURE   GLOBAL VALUE OF DNA VACCINE MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION
TABLE 1 CLINICAL STATUS OF DNA VACCINES, AS OF JULY 2009 (NUMBER)
DNA VACCINE TECHNOLOGIES COVERED IN THIS REPORT
TABLE 2 SCOPE OF THIS REPORT
GLOBAL MARKET FOR DNA VACCINES
TABLE 3 GLOBAL VALUE OF DNA VACCINE MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
TABLE 4 GLOBAL VALUE OF HUMAN DNA VACCINE MARKET BY INDICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
FORCES DRIVING DNA VACCINE MARKET GROWTH
TABLE 5 DNA VACCINE INDUSTRY GROWTH DRIVING FORCES
LIFE CYCLE STATUS OF DNA VACCINE TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 6 LIFE CYCLE STAGE OF VACCINE TYPES
COMMERCIAL STATUS OF DNA VACCINE TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 7 COMMERCIAL STATUS OF DNA VACCINES
DNA VACCINE INDUSTRY
TABLE 8 DNA VACCINE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

Chapter-4: DNA VACCINE TECHNOLOGIES

HISTORY
TABLE 9 DNA VACCINE HISTORY
THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
TABLE 10 COMPONENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM (CONTINUED)
VACCINES
VACCINE EVOLUTION
FIGURE 1 EVOLUTION OF VACCINE TECHNOLOGIES
VACCINE TYPES
TABLE 11 VACCINE TYPES
Technology Life-Cycle Stage of Vaccine Types
TABLE 12 TECHNOLOGY LIFE-CYCLE STAGE OF VACCINE TYPES
DNA VACCINES
INTRODUCTION
FIGURE 2 MECHANISM OF ACTION OF A DNA VACCINE
CHANGING VACCINE PARADIGM
TABLE 13 CHANGING VACCINE PARADIGM
TABLE 14 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DNA VACCINES
Changing Vaccine Paradigm (Continued)
FIGURE 3 SAFETY AND EFFICACY PROFILE OF DNA VERSUS VIRAL-VECTOR VACCINES
FUNCTION AND SCOPE OF DNA VACCINES
FIGURE 4 DNA VACCINE FUNCTION AND MARKET SCOPE
TABLE 15 EMERGING COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE FOR DNA VACCINES
CANCER DNA VACCINES
TABLE 16 CANCER VACCINE TYPES
DNA VACCINE TECHNOLOGY VALUE CHAIN
FIGURE 5 DNA VACCINE TECHNOLOGY VALUE CHAIN
TABLE 17 TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS FOR DNA VACCINE VALUE CHAIN
ANTIGEN DISCOVERY
PLASMID DESIGN
TABLE 18 PLASMID DESIGN OBJECTIVES
TABLE 19 WAYS TO OPTIMIZE MAMMALIAN GENE EXPRESSION IN PLASMID DNA
Plasmid Design (Continued)
PLASMID MANUFACTURE
FIGURE 6 CONVENTIONAL AND PLASMID DNA VACCINE PRODUCTION PROCESS
TABLE 20 DNA PLASMID QUALITY COMPARSION
DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 21 COMPARISON OF DNA DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES
Uncomplexed pDNA
Electroporation
FIGURE 7 EP PROCESS SCHEMATIC
Liposomes
Gold Particles
Nanoparticles
Bacterial Ghosts
Bacteriophages
Viruses
TABLE 22 IN VIVO VIRAL VECTOR TECHNOLOGIES COMPARED
Viruses (Continued)
TARGETING TECHNOLOGIES
FIGURE 8 STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING DENDRITIC CELLS
ADJUVANT TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 23 DNA VACCINE ADJUVANT TECHNOLOGIES
DNA VACCINE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS
TABLE 24 TECHNOLOGY NEEDS FOR DNA VACCINES
DNA Vaccine Technology … (Continued)

Chapter-5: DNA VACCINE APPLICATIONS

RESEARCH TOOLS APPLICATIONS
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
OVERVIEW TO DNA VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS PROCESS
TABLE 25 DNA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT FLOWSHEET
TABLE 26 DNA VACCINE PRECLINICAL DEVELOPMENT STEPS
FIGURE 9 FUTURE VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS OVERVIEW
Overview to DNA … (Continued)
DNA VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS SUMMARY
TABLE 27 DNA VACCINES CLINICAL TRIALS SUMMARY BY DISEASE TYPE, AS OF JULY 2009
TABLE 28 DNA VACCINES CLINICAL TRIALS SUMMARY BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, AS OF JULY 2009
TABLE 29 DNA VACCINES CLINICAL TRIALS SUMMARY BY VACCINE TYPE, AS OF JULY 2009
TABLE 30 DNA VACCINES CLINICAL TRIALS SUMMARY BY VACCINE TYPE AND INDICATION, AS OF JULY 2009
CANCER DNA VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS
TABLE 31 CANCER DNA VACCINES CLINICAL TRIALS, AS OF 2009
TABLE 31 (CONTINUED)
TABLE 31 (CONTINUED)
Melanoma
Melanoma (Continued)
Prostate Cancer
Breast Cancer
Multiple Cancers
INFECTIOUS DISEASE DNA VACCINES
TABLE 32 INFECTIOUS DISEASES DNA VACCINES CLINICAL TRIALS, AS OF JULY 2009
TABLE 32 (CONTINUED)
HSV
HPV
Influenza
Influenza (Continued)
Influenza (Continued)
SARS
Dengue
TABLE 33 DENGUE VACCINE LANDSCAPE, AS OF JULY 2009
HBV
TABLE 34 HBV THERAPEUTIC LANDSCAPE, AS OF JULY 2009
HBV (Continued)
HCV
Japanese Encephalitis
TABLE 35 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE LANDSCAPE, AS OF JULY 2009
CMV
TABLE 36 CMV VACCINE LANDSCAPE, AS OF JULY 2009
HIV
TABLE 37 HIV DNA VACCINES CLINICAL TRIALS, AS OF JULY 2009
TABLE 37 (CONTINUED)
TABLE 37 (CONTINUED)
TABLE 37 (CONTINUED)
HIV (Continued)
BIODEFENSE DNA VACCINES
TABLE 38 BIODEFENSE DNA VACCINES CLINICAL TRIALS, AS OF JULY 2009
ANIMAL HEALTH DNA VACCINES
TABLE 39 ANIMAL HEALTH DNA VACCINES CLINCAL PIPELINE, AS OF JULY 2009
TABLE 40 WEST NILE VIRUS HUMAN VACCINES LANDSCAPE, AS OF JULY 2009

Chapter-6: DNA VACCINE INDUSTRY

VACCINE INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL SHIFTS
TABLE 41 VACCINE INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL SHIFTS
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
TABLE 42 VACCINE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: TRADITIONAL VERSUS EMERGING
FIGURE 10 MARKETING OF APPROVED VACCINES IN THE UNITED STATES, 2009 (%)
TABLE 43 COMPARISON OF VACCINES AND PHARMACEUTICALS BUSINESSES
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE (CONTINUED)
DNA VACCINE INDUSTRY COMPETITORS
TABLE 44 DNA VACCINE INDUSTRY COMPETITOR POSITION
DNA VACCINE COMMERCIAL VALUE CHAIN
FIGURE 11 DNA VACCINE COMMERCIAL VALUE CHAIN
DNA VACCINE COMPETITOR STRATEGIC POSITIONING
TABLE 45 LARGE PHARMA VACCINE COMPANY STRATEGIC FOCUS
TABLE 46 INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANY STRATEGIC FOCUS
TABLE 47 INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANY STRATEGIC MARKET FOCUS
TABLE 47 (CONTINUED)
TABLE 48 SPECIALIZED BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANY STRATEGIC FOCUS
INDUSTRY ACQUISITIONS AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
TABLE 49 INDUSTRY ACQUISITIONS AND MERGERS, 2006–2009
INDUSTRY ACQUISITIONS AND … (CONTINUED)
TABLE 50 DNA VACCINE STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
INDUSTRY ACQUISITIONS AND … (CONTINUED)

Chapter-7: DNA VACCINE MARKETS

GROWTH DRIVING FORCES
TABLE 51 DNA VACCINE INDUSTRY GROWTH DRIVING FORCES
MARKET FORECASTS
OVERVIEW
TABLE 52 GLOBAL VALUE OF PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
Overview (Continued)
DNA VACCINE MARKETS BY END USE
TABLE 53 GLOBAL VALUE OF DNA VACCINES BY END USE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
DNA VACCINE RESEARCH TOOLS MARKETS
TABLE 54 GLOBAL VALUE OF DNA VACCINES RESEARCH TOOLS MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
DNA VACCINE CLINICAL MARKETS
TABLE 55 GLOBAL VALUE OF CLINICAL DNA VACCINES MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
Strategic Positioning
FIGURE 12 DNA VACCINE STRATEGIC MARKET GRID
Allergies
TABLE 56 DNA VACCINE ALLERGY MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
Cancer Therapeutics
TABLE 57 CAUSE OF DEATH, WORLDWIDE, 2004 AND 2030 (% OF ALL DEATHS)
Infectious Diseases
DNA CANCER VACCINES MARKET
TABLE 58 GLOBAL VALUE OF CANCER CLINICAL DNA VACCINES BY INDICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
TABLE 59 DNA VACCINE CANCER MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
DNA Cancer Vaccines Market (Continued)
Melanoma
Solid Tumors (Including Ovarian, Breast and Small-Cell Lung Cancer)
Pancreatic Cancer
INFECTIOUS DISEASE DNA VACCINE MARKETS
TABLE 60 GLOBAL VALUE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICAL DNA VACCINES MARKET BY INDICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
CMV
HBV
HPV
HCV
HIV
ANIMAL HEALTH DNA VACCINE MARKETS
TABLE 61 GLOBAL VALUE OF ANIMAL HEALTH CLINICAL DNA VACCINES MARKET, BY INDICATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
Canine Melanoma
Equine West Nile Virus
Leishmaniasis
Feline Leukemia Virus
Fish Vaccine Adjuvants
BIODEFENSE DNA VACCINE MARKETS
TABLE 62 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIODEFENSE CLINICAL DNA VACCINES MARKET, BY END USE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
Biodefense DNA Vaccine Markets (Continued)
Biodefense DNA Vaccine Markets (Continued)
DNA VACCINE MARKETS BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY
TABLE 63 GLOBAL VALUE OF CLINICAL DNA VACCINES MARKET BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
DNA VACCINE MARKET BY FORMAT AND FUNCTION
TABLE 64 GLOBAL VALUE OF CLINICAL DNA VACCINES MARKET BY VACCINE FORMAT, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
TABLE 65 GLOBAL VALUE OF CLINICAL DNA VACCINES MARKET BY FUNCTION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)
DNA VACCINES MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY
TABLE 66 GLOBAL VALUE OF DNA VACCINES MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

Chapter-8: PATENT STATUS

INTRODUCTION
FIGURE 13 PATENT SCOPE FOR DNA VACCINES
DNA VACCINE PATENTS BY COMPANY AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCLASS
FIGURE 14 U.S., EP, AND WO INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANY DNA VACCINE-RELATED PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, AS OF JULY 2009
FIGURE 15 U.S., EP, AND WO INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANY DNA VACCINE-RELATED PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY SUBCLASS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, AS OF JULY 2009
DNA VACCINE PATENTS BY COMPANY … (CONTINUED)
FIGURE 16 U.S., EP, AND WO INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANY DNA VACCINE-RELATED PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY SUBCLASS, AS OF JULY 2009
ANTIGENS AND ASSOCIATED PDNA
ANTIGENS AND ASSOCIATED PDNA (CONTINUED)
TABLE 67 FUNDAMENTAL DNA INFLUENZA VACCINE PATENTS
DNA VACCINE PATENTS BY GEOGRAPHY
FIGURE 17 GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS IN WHICH PATENTS HAVE BEEN GRANTED AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FILEDFOR INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES, AS OF JULY 2009 (%)
KEY INDUSTRY PATENTS ON OTHER PARTS OF THE VALUE CHAIN
TABLE 68 FUNDAMENTAL PATENTS ON DNA VACCINE DELIVERY, TARGETING, AND ADJUVANTS
LITIGATION STATUS
TABLE 69 IP LITIGATION STATUS
IP POSITION OF SELECTED DNA VACCINE COMPANIES
GENEART
GENEXINE
TABLE 70 GENEXINE PATENT FAMILIES
IMMUNOMIC THERAPEUTICS, INC. (ITI)
VICAL

Chapter-9: COMPANY PROFILES

ADIMMUNE
ALDEVRON, LLC
ALTEA THERAPEUTICS
ALTHEA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ANGES MG, INC.
AVAX TECHNOLOGIES
BACILLIGEN, INC.
BAVARIAN NORDIC A/S
BAYHILL THERAPEUTICS
TABLE 71 BAYHILL DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
BIGDNA, LTD.
BIOJECT MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CHANGCHUN BAIKE PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
COBRA BIOMANUFACTURING, PLC
CRUCELL
CYTOGENIX, INC.
TABLE 72 CYTOGENIX DNA VACCINE PRECLINICAL PIPELINE
CYTO PULSE SCIENCES, INC.
TABLE 73 CYTO PULSE PIPELINE
PROSTATE CANCER STUDY
COLORECTAL CANCER STUDY
TOLERANCE STUDIES
HIV STUDY
CYTRX CORP.
DENDREON CORP.
DYNAVAX TECHNOLOGIES
THE EUROVACC FOUNDATION
FIT BIOTECH OYJ, PLC
GENEART AG
TABLE 74 GENEART STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
GENEART AG (CONTINUED)
GENETIC IMMUNITY
TABLE 75 GENETIC IMMUNITY DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
GENEXINE
TABLE 76 GENEXINE DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
TABLE 77 GENEXINE PATENT FAMILIES
TABLE 77 (CONTINUED)
IL-12 MUTANT
EFFICIENT DNA AND RAD VECTORS
SAFE ADENOVIRAL VECTOR
GENOMIDEA, INC.
GENOVAC GMBH
GENOVAC GMBH (CONTINUED)
GENVEC, INC.
GEOVAX LABS
GLAXOSMITHKLINE
GLAXOSMITHKLINE (CONTINUED)
GREENPAK BIOTECH, LTD.
HENDERSON MORLEY, PLC
ICHOR MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
TABLE 78 ICHOR DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
IMMUNOGENETIX THERAPEUTICS, INC.
IMMUNOMIC THERAPEUTICS, INC.
TABLE 79 IMMUNOMIC DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
JRC-LAMP-VAX
SRW-LAMP-VAX
TABLE 80 ITI STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
IMMUNOVACCINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
IN CELL ART
INDIAN IMMUNOLOGICALS
INTERCELL AG
INVIVOGEN
JUVARIS BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
TABLE 81 JUVARIS DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
LENTIGEN CORP.
LIPOXEN, PLC
MANNKIND CORP.
MANNKIND CORP. (CONTINUED)
MEDICAL MARKETING INTERNATIONAL GROUP, PLC
TABLE 82 GENVAX PIPELINE
MERCK
TABLE 83 MERCK DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
MERIAL
MOGAM BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
MOLOGEN AG
MULTIMERIC BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.
NATURE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
NIH VACCINE RESEARCH CENTER
NOVARTIS
OXFORD BIOMEDICA, PLC
PFIZER
PHYTOVATION BV
PLASMIDFACTORY GMBH & CO.
PROFECTUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.
QED BIOSCIENCE, INC.
SANOFI-AVENTIS
STATENS SERUM INSTITUT
SUPRATEK PHARMA
TRIPEP
TABLE 84 TRIPEP THERAPEUTIC DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
VAXGEN, INC.
VAXXION THERAPEUTICS, INC.
VAXONCO, INC.
VECTURA GROUP, PLC
VGX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
VGX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (CONTINUED)
TABLE 85 INOVIO AND VGX DNA VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS, AS OF JULY 2009
VGX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (CONTINUED)
VGXI, INC.
VICAL, INC.
TABLE 86 VICAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
TABLE 87 VICAL DNA VACCINE PIPELINE
TABLE 87 (CONTINUED)
FIGURE 18 VICAL LINEAR DNA VACCINE STRATEGIC POSITIONING
VIROMED CO., LTD.
VIROMED CO., LTD. (CONTINUED)