CHAPTER- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY (CONTINUED) 3
SCOPE OF THE REPORT 4
METHODOLOGY 5
INTENDED AUDIENCE 6
INFORMATION SOURCES 6
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 6
RELATED BCC REPORTS 6
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 7
DISCLAIMER 7
CHAPTER-2: SUMMARY
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LITHIUM BATTERY SALES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 8
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LITHIUM BATTERY SALES, 2004-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 9
CHAPTER-3: LITHIUM BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES
LITHIUM BATTERY TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND 10
PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERIES 10
PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY SUMMARY 10
TABLE 1 PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY TYPES 11
TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) 12
PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY COMPOSITIONS 12
TABLE 2 PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY COMPOSITIONS 12
TABLE 2 (CONTINUED) 13
PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY APPLICATIONS 13
TABLE 3 CONSUMER PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY APPLICATIONS 13
TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) 14
TABLE 4 INDUSTRIAL PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY APPLICATIONS 14
TABLE 4 (CONTINUED) 15
TABLE 5 MILITARY/AEROSPACE PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY APPLICATIONS 15
PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY TYPES 16
Lithium–Carbon Monofluoride Batteries 16
Lithium–Copper Oxyphosphate Batteries 16
Lithium–Copper Oxide Batteries 16
Lithium–Iodine Batteries 17
Lithium–Iron Sulfide Batteries 17
Lithium–Manganese Dioxide Batteries 17
Lithium–Manganese Dioxide Batteries (Continued) 18
Lithium–Silver Vanadium Pentoxide Batteries 19
Lithium–Sulfur Dioxide Batteries 19
Lithium–Sulfuryl Chloride Batteries 20
Lithium–Thionyl Chloride Batteries 20
PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY COMPANIES 21
TABLE 6 PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY COMPANIES 21
ACR Electronics 22
Applied Power, Inc. 22
Duracell International 22
EaglePicher Corp. 23
Ener1, Inc. (EnerDel) 24
Energizer Holdings 24
GP Batteries (Gold Peak International) 25
Greatbatch, Inc. 26
Medtronic, Inc. 26
MiniMax Energy Technology 26
Moltech Corp. 27
Panasonic (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.) 27
Panasonic (America) 27
Panasonic Batteries 28
Rayovac Corp. (Spectrum Brands) 28
SAFT (Johnson Controls– Saft-Advanced Power Solutions) 29
Saft America, Inc. 29
Solicore 30
Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. 31
Sanyo Electric Co. USA 31
Sony Corp. 32
Sony (USA) 32
Tadiran Batteries (SAFT) 32
Ultralife Batteries, Inc. 33
Ultralife Batteries, Inc. (Continued) 34
Varta AG (Varta Batteries, Inc). 35
Varta Microbattery (USA) 35
Yardney (Lithion, Ener–Tek) 36
PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET SUMMARY 37
Primary Lithium Battery Market Fundamentals 37
TABLE 7 PRIMARY LITHIUM MARKET SUMMARY 37
TABLE 7 (CONTINUED) 38
Portable Product Primary Lithium Batteries 38
Medical Product Primary Lithium Batteries 39
Stationary Product Primary Lithium Batteries 39
Military/Aerospace Primary Lithium Batteries 39
Automotive/Motive Primary Lithium Batteries 40
BASIS FOR PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET PROJECTION 40
TABLE 8 GLOBAL PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY VOLUME AND VALUE, 2008 40
PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET PROJECTION 41
TABLE 9 PROJECTED GLOBAL PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 41
FIGURE 1 PROJECTED GLOBAL PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY VALUE BY TYPE, 2004-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 42
TABLE 10 PROJECTED GLOBAL PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY VALUE BY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 42
SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES 43
SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY SUMMARY 43
TABLE 11 SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY TYPES 43
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED) 44
SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY COMPOSITIONS 45
TABLE 12 SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY COMPOSITIONS 45
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED) 46
SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY TYPES 46
Lithium/Aluminum–Polymer Batteries 46
Lithium/Aluminum–Manganese Dioxide Batteries 46
Lithium/Aluminum–Vanadium Pentoxide Batteries 47
Lithium–Cobalt Oxide Batteries 47
Lithium–Copper Chloride Batteries 47
Lithium–Ion and Lithium–Ion Polymer Batteries 47
Lithium–Ion Compared to Lithium–Ion Polymer 48
Lithium–Ion … (Continued) 49
Lithium–Ion as Smart Batteries 50
Lithium–Ion … (Continued) 51
Lithium–Ion … (Continued) 51
Lithium–Ion … (Continued) 52
TABLE 13 SMART BATTERY SYSTEM (SBS) STAKEHOLDERS 53
High–Temperature Lithium–Iron Sulfide Batteries 53
TABLE 14 HIGH–TEMPERATURE LITHIUM–IRON SULFIDE BATTERY R&D 54
High–Temperature … (Continued) 54
Rechargeable Lithium–Manganese Dioxide Batteries 55
Lithium–Molybdenum Disulfide Batteries 56
Lithium–Niobium Selenide Batteries 56
Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Dioxide Batteries 57
Lithium–Titanium Disulfide Batteries 57
Lithium–Titanium Disulfide Polymer Electrolyte Batteries 57
Lithium–Vanadium Oxide Polymer Electrolyte Batteries 57
Thin–Film Batteries 58
Thin–Film Batteries (Continued) 59
TABLE 15 THIN–FILM MICRO–BATTERY COMPANIES 60
Rechargeable Lithium–Air Batteries 60
Rechargeable … (Continued) 61
Rechargeable Lithium–… (Continued) 62
SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY COMPANIES 62
TABLE 16 SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY COMPANIES 63
TABLE 16 (CONTINUED) 64
TABLE 16 (CONTINUED) 65
A123Systems 65
TABLE 17 A123 BATTERY COMPARED TO OTHER HIGH–CAPACITY BATTERY SYSTEMS 66
TABLE 18 A123 BATTERY PULSE DURATION AND POWER DENSITY 67
A123Systems (Continued) 68
A123Systems (Continued) 69
Advanced Battery Systems 70
Advanced Battery Technologies, Inc. (ABAT) 70
Advanced … (Continued) 71
Apple Computer, Inc. 72
Applied Power, Inc. 73
Arotech Corp. (Epsilor & Electric Fuel) 73
Arthur D. Little, Inc. 74
Avestor (Hydro–Québec and Kerr McGee) 74
Avestor … (Continued) 75
BAE Systems 76
Battery–Biz 77
Battery Clinic, Inc. 77
Battery Technology, Inc. (BTI) 77
Robert Bosch GmbH (SB LiMotive Co. Ltd) 78
Robert Bosch … (Continued) 79
Bolloré Group 80
Bolloré Group (continued) 81
Boston–Power 82
Boundless Corp. 83
Bren–Tronics 83
BYD Batteries 84
Cadex 85
Cell–Con 85
China BAK Battery, Inc. 85
China BAK Battery, Inc. (Continued) 86
China BAK Battery, Inc. (Continued) 87
Cobasys (SB LiMotive Co. Ltd.) 88
Cobasys (SB LiMotive Co. Ltd.) (Continued) 89
Continental Corporation 90
China Sun (Dalian Xinyang High–Tech Development Co.) 90
Covalent Associates, Inc. 91
Cymbet Corp. 91
EaglePicher Corp. 92
EaglePicher …. (Continued) 93
EIC Laboratories 94
Electro Energy 94
Electrovaya (Electrofuel) 95
Electrovaya … (Continued) 96
Ener1, Inc. (EnerDel) 97
Ener1, Inc. … (Continued) 98
Ener1, Inc. … (Continued) 99
Ener1, Inc. … (Continued) 100
Enerize Corp. (FiFe Batteries) 101
FIFE Batteries Ltd. 101
Energizer Holdings 102
E–One Moli Energy 103
NEC 103
NEC (Continued) 104
Evonik Industries AG 105
Excellatron Solid State 106
Farasis Energy 106
Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. 107
Furukawa Battery Co. 107
General Motors 107
General Motors Continued) 108
General Motors Continued) 109
GP Batteries (Gold Peak International) 110
Greatbatch, Inc. 110
Harding Energy, Inc. 111
Hitachi Maxell Corp. 111
Honeywell Batteries 112
Hong Kong Highpower Technology 112
HYB Battery Co., Ltd. (Hua–Yue–Bao Battery) 113
Huanyu Battery 113
Hymotion (A123Systems) 113
IBM Corp. 114
Industrial Battery Engineering 115
Industries International, Inc. (INDI) 115
Infinite Power Solutions 116
Innergy Power Corp. (Portable Energy Products, Inc.) 116
International Battery 117
Johnson Controls (Johnson Controls–Saft Advanced Power Solutions) 118
Johnson Controls … (Continued) 119
Johnson Controls … (Continued) 120
Johnson Controls … (Continued) 121
K2 122
Keystone Battery Corp. 123
Kokam America, Inc. 123
Lithium Power Technologies 123
Lithium Technology Corp. (LTC) 124
GAIA Akkumulatorenwerke GmbH 124
GAIA ... Continued) 125
GAIA ... Continued) 126
GAIA ... Continued) 127
MaxPower, Inc. 128
Medtronic, Inc. 128
Microchip Technology, Inc. 129
MiniMax Energy Technology 129
Mitsubishi International 129
Mitsubishi … (Continued) 130
Moltech Corp. 131
Multiplier Industries 132
Nanoexa 132
NEC Corp. (E–One Moli Energy) 133
NEC … (Continued) 134
Nexergy (Promark Electronics, DC Battery Products, Tauber) 135
Nissan Motor Co. 135
Nissan ... (Continued) 136
Oak Ridge Micro–Energy, Inc. 137
Panasonic (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.) 138
Panasonic (America) 138
Panasonic Batteries 139
PolyPlus Battery Company 139
Quallion LLC 140
Rayovac Corp. (Spectrum Brands) 141
Renata Batteries 142
Ricardo, Inc. 142
Saft (Johnson Controls–Saft Advanced Power Solutions) 143
Saft America, Inc. 143
Saft America, Inc. (Continued) 144
Saft America, Inc. (Continued) 145
Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. 146
Sanyo Electric Co. USA 146
SETO Holdings, Inc. 147
Sion Power 147
Solicore, Inc. 148
Sony Corp. 149
Sony (USA) 149
Sony … (Continued) 150
Sony (USA) (Continued) 151
TABLE 19 COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL BATTERY AND NEXELION 152
SRI International 153
Toshiba 153
TABLE 20 SCIB SPECIFICATIONS 154
TIAX 155
Tracer Technologies 156
Ultralife Batteries, Inc. 156
Ultralife ... (Continued) 157
Valence Technology, Inc. 158
Ultralife Batteries, Inc. (Continued) 159
Ultralife Batteries, Inc. (Continued) 160
Ultralife Batteries, Inc. (Continued) 161
Ultralife Batteries, Inc. (Continued) 162
Varta AG (Varta Batteries, Inc). 163
Varta Microbattery (USA) 163
Yardney (Lithion, Ener–Tek) 164
Yuasa, Inc. (GS Yuasa Corp., Yuasa Battery America, Inc., Yuasa–Exide) 165
Yuasa … (Continued) 166
SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET SUMMARY 167
Secondary Lithium Battery Market Fundamentals And Basis For Forecast 167
TABLE 21 SECONDARY LITHIUM MARKET SUMMARY 167
Portable Product Secondary Lithium Batteries 168
Medical Product Secondary Lithium Batteries 168
Stationary Product Secondary Lithium Batteries 168
Military/Aerospace Secondary Lithium Batteries 169
Automotive/Motive Secondary Lithium Batteries 170
BASIS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET PROJECTION 171
TABLE 22 2008 SECONDARY GLOBAL LITHIUM BATTERY VOLUME AND VALUE (MILLIONS) 171
SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET PROJECTION 171
TABLE 23 GLOBAL PROJECTED SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 172
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL PROJECTED SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY VALUE BY TYPE, 2004-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 172
TABLE 24 GLOBAL PROJECTED SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY VALUE BY TECHNOLOGY, 2004-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 173
CHAPTER-4: LITHIUM BATTERY MARKETS
LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET SUMMARY 174
TABLE 25 LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET SECTORS 174
LITHIUM BATTERY PORTABLE PRODUCT MARKETS 175
Portable Computing Product Market 175
Portable Computing Product Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 175
TABLE 26 PORTABLE COMPUTER DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 176
TABLE 26 (CONTINUED) 177
Portable Computing Product Market Projection 177
TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PORTABLE COMPUTING LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 177
Portable Communications Product Market 177
Portable Communications Product Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 177
Portable Communications … (Continued) 178
Portable Communications … (Continued) 179
TABLE 28 PORTABLE COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCT DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 180
Portable Communications Product Market Projection 181
TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PORTABLE COMMUNICATIONS LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 181
Portable Tool Markets 181
Portable Tool Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 181
Portable Tool … (Continued) 182
TABLE 30 PORTABLE TOOL PRODUCT DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 183
Basis for Portable Tool Battery Market Projection 184
TABLE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PORTABLE TOOL LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 184
Other Portable Product Markets 184
Other Portable Product Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 185
Portable Toy and Novelty Product Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 185
Portable Toy…(Continued) 186
Portable Toy…(Continued) 187
TABLE 32 PORTABLE TOY AND NOVELTY DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 188
Portable Entertainment Product Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 188
Portable Entertainment…(Continued) 189
TABLE 33 PORTABLE ENTERTAINMENT DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 190
Portable Scientific Product Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 191
TABLE 34 PORTABLE SCIENTIFIC PRODUCT DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 192
Digital Video and Still Camera Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 193
Portable Camera Product Market Drivers and Technology Factors 193
TABLE 35 DIGITAL VIDEO AND STILL CAMERA DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 194
TABLE 35 (CONTINUED) 195
Other Portable Product Market Projections 195
TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR OTHER PORTABLE PRODUCT LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 195
LITHIUM BATTERY MEDICAL PRODUCTS MARKET SUMMARY 195
Medical Products Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 195
Medical Products … (Continued) 196
Medical Products … (Continued) 197
Medical Products … (Continued) 198
TABLE 37 PORTABLE MEDICAL PRODUCT DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 199
Medical Product Market Projection 199
TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MEDICAL LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 199
LITHIUM BATTERY STATIONARY APPLICATION MARKET SUMMARY 200
Computer Memory Preservation Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 200
Computer Memory Preservation Market Projection 200
TABLE 39 PROJECTED GLOBAL COMPUTER MEMORY PRESERVATION LITHIUM BATTERY VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 200
Uninterruptible Power Supply Market 200
Uninterruptible Power Supply Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 200
Uninterruptible Power Supply Market Projections 201
TABLE 40 PROJECTED GLOBAL UPS LITHIUM BATTERY VALUE BY TYPE THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 202
LITHIUM BATTERY MILITARY/AEROSPACE MARKET 202
Military/Aerospace Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 202
TABLE 41 SELECTED PORTABLE BATTERY–POWERED MILITARY PRODUCT ROLES 203
Portable Military Product Market Drivers and Technology Factors 203
Portable Military…(Continued) 204
TABLE 42 PORTABLE MILITARY PRODUCT DRIVING FORCES AND MARKET DEVELOPMENTS 205
TABLE 42 (CONTINUED) 206
Military Electric Vehicles Scenario 207
Battery–Powered Fighting Vehicle Scenario 207
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Revival Scenario 208
Military/Aerospace Market Projections 208
TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MILITARY & AEROSPACE LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 209
LITHIUM BATTERY AUTOMOTIVE AND MOTIVE POWER MARKET SUMMARY 209
Industrial Electric Vehicles (Traction) Market 209
Industrial Electric Vehicles (Traction) Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 209
Industrial Electric Vehicles (Traction) Market Projections 210
TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR INDUSTRIAL EV LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 211
Electric Vehicle, Plug–in and HEV Market 211
EV, PHEV and HEV Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 211
EV, PHEV…(Continued) 212
EV, PHEV…(Continued) 213
EV, PHEV…(Continued) 214
EV, PHEV…(Continued) 215
EV and HEV Market Projections 216
TABLE 45 MARKET FORECAST FOR GLOBAL EV AND HEV LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 216
Automotive Market 216
Automotive Market Fundamentals and Basis for Market Projection 216
Automotive Market Projections 217
TABLE 46 MARKET FORECAST FOR GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE LITHIUM BATTERIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 217
CHAPTER-5: LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIALS
LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIAL BACKGROUND 218
TYPES OF LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIALS 218
TYPES OF LITHIUM BATTERY … (CONTINUED) 219
TABLE 47 LITHIUM BATTERY CATHODE MATERIALS 220
TABLE 47 (CONTINUED) 221
TABLE 48 LITHIUM BATTERY ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS 221
TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) 222
TABLE 49 LITHIUM BATTERY SEPARATOR MATERIALS 222
TABLE 49 (CONTINUED) 223
ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND ACTIVE ELEMENTS 223
Electrode Material and Active Element Background 223
Electrode Material and Active Element Companies 224
TABLE 50 LITHIUM BATTERY ELECTRODE MATERIAL COMPANIES 224
TABLE 50 (CONTINUED) 225
TABLE 50 (CONTINUED) 226
3M 227
Acheson Colloids, Inc. (Henkel) 227
Admiralty Resources 228
Advance NanoPower, Inc. 228
Air Products 229
Ajay SQM Group 229
Akzo Nobel 230
Alfa Aesar–Johnson Matthey Co. 230
Allan Chemical Corp. 230
Allchem Industries, Inc. 231
Altair Nanotechnologies, Inc. 231
Altair ... (Continued) 232
Altair Nanotechnologies, Inc. (Continued) 232
Altair ... (Continued) 233
American Lithium Minerals 234
Amber Synthetics (AmSyn) 235
Applied Nanomaterials, Inc (ApNano) 236
Advanced Research Chemicals (ARC) 236
Arkema 237
Ashland Chemicals 237
Avalon Rare Metals 238
BASF Corp. 238
Baytubes (Bayer MaterialScience) 239
Belmont Metals, Inc. 239
Bikita Minerals 239
Borchers France S.A. 240
Cabot Corp. 240
Caledonia Mining Corp. 241
Cannon–Muskegon Corp. 241
CarboLex, Inc. 241
Chambishi Metals, plc 242
Chemetall Foote Corp. (Sociedad Chilena de Litio, Ltda., SCL) 242
Chempro 243
Climax Molybdenum 243
Columbus Chemical Industries 244
Conoco 244
Corn. Van Loocke N.V. 244
Coyne Chemical 244
CTT 245
CVRD/Inco, Ltd. 245
Darton Commodities, Ltd. 245
Delta EMD 246
Dexmet Corp. 246
Dow Chemical Co. 246
Elementis Pigments–Durham 247
Eurotungstene Poudres S.A. 247
Ferro Corp. 247
FMC Corp. 247
Frontier Carbon Corp. (FCC) 248
Fusite (Division of Emerson Electric Co.) 249
GFS Chemicals, Inc. 250
Glencore International AG 250
GrafTech International 250
Hermetic Seal Technology, Inc. 251
Honjo Chemical Corp. 251
Hunan Xiangtan Electrochemical Group 251
Inco Special Products 252
International Cobalt Co., Inc. 252
ISE Corp. 252
Kennametal, Inc. 253
Lamart Corp. 253
LG Chemical 253
mPhase Technologies 254
MPhase … (Continued) 255
Mays Chemical Co. 256
Materials and Electrochemical Research Corp (MER) 256
Mitsui & Co., Ltd. 257
Mitsui Benelux 257
Nano–C, Inc. 257
Nanergy, Inc. 258
Nanocyl S.A. 258
Noah Technologies 259
Norilsk Nickel 260
Novolyte Technologies, Inc. 260
OM Group 260
Phostech Lithium 261
Pred Materials 262
Preminco, Ltd. 262
Prince Minerals (American Minerals, Inc.) 262
QNI Pty, Ltd. 263
QuantumSphere 263
Raymor Industries, Inc. 264
Reade Advanced Materials 265
Sheperd Chemical Co. 266
Shu Powders, Ltd. 266
Sons of Gwalia 266
Spectrum Chemicals 267
SQM Minsal 267
SQM Minsal (Continued) 268
Sheldahl Technical Materials 269
Showa Denko K.K. (SDK) 269
Showa … (Continued) 270
H.C. Starck 271
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd 271
Superlattice Power 271
Superlattice Power (Continued) 272
TABLE 51 OPERATING VOLTAGE RANGE AND MAXIMUM CAPACITY COMPARISON 273
Superior Graphite Co. 274
Teck (Teck Cominco, Ltd.) 274
Thomas Swan & Co., Ltd. 275
T/J Technologies (A123 Systems) 276
Timcall Graphite & Carbon 276
Todini and Co. SPA 276
Toray 277
Toxco, Inc. (Lithchem International) 277
Tronox 277
Umicore (Union Miniere) 278
U.S. Nanocorp 279
U.S. Vanadium Corp. (Stratcor) 279
Ube Industries 279
Unidym (Arrowhead Research Corp.) 280
Wego Chemical & Mineral 281
Wogen Resources, Ltd. 281
Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd. 281
Xstrata Nickel (Falconbridge) 282
LITHIUM METAL AND COMPOUNDS 282
LITHIUM MINERS AND PROCESSORS 282
Lithium Brine Sources 282
TABLE 52 LITHIUM MINERALS AND BRINE: ESTIMATED WORLD PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2002–2007 (METRIC TONS)1, 2 283
Lithium … (Continued) 284
TABLE 53 LITHIUM BRINE PROCESSORS 285
Lithium Brine Sources (Continued) 286
Lithium Brine Sources (Continued) 287
Lithium Hardrock Sources 288
Lithium Compound Companies 288
TABLE 54 LITHIUM COMPOUND COMPANIES 289
LITHIUM APPLICATIONS, PRODUCTION, AND CONSUMPTION 290
TABLE 55 U.S. LITHIUM CONSUMPTION, 1994–2006 (METRIC TONS OF CONTAINED LITHIUM) 290
TABLE 56 GLOBAL LITHIUM MARKETS (%) 290
TABLE 56 (CONTINUED) 291
LITHIUM PRICES 291
COPPER COMPOUNDS 292
NICKEL AND IRON METAL AND COMPOUNDS 292
Nickel Metal and Compounds 292
Iron Compounds (Lithium Iron Phosphate) 293
ELECTROLYTIC MANGANESE DIOXIDE COMPOUNDS 294
Manganese Dioxide Companies 295
TABLE 57 MANGANESE DIOXIDE COMPANIES 295
Manganese Dioxide Developments and Constraints 296
COBALT COMPOUNDS 296
Cobalt Companies 297
TABLE 58 COBALT COMPOUND COMPANIES 298
Cobalt Consumption Patterns 298
TABLE 59 GLOBAL COBALT MARKETS 299
TABLE 60 U.S. COBALT CONSUMPTION, 1994–2008 (MT OF COBALT CONTENT) 299
Cobalt Prices 300
TABLE 61 HISTORIC GLOBAL COBALT PRICES, 1991–2009 ($/LB) 300
ALUMINUM METAL COMPOUNDS 301
SULFUR COMPOUNDS 302
VANADIUM COMPOUNDS 302
TABLE 62 VANADIUM COMPOUND COMPANIES 303
RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS 303
INORGANIC CARBON 303
TABLE 63 CARBON COMPOUND COMPANIES 304
TABLE 63 (CONTINUED) 305
FULLERENES 305
Fullerenes (Continued) 306
TABLE 64 FULLERENE COMPANIES 307
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED) 308
CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS 308
TABLE 65 CONDUCTIVE POLYMER BATTERY ENERGY DENSITIES 309
HALOGENS 309
TABLE 66 HALOGEN BATTERY APPLICATIONS 310
Iodine Compounds 311
Bromine Compounds 311
Chlorine Compounds 311
TABLE 67 HALOGEN COMPOUND COMPANIES 311
LITHIUM BATTERY ELECTROLYTES 312
TABLE 68 LITHIUM CONTAINING BATTERY ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS 312
TABLE 68 (CONTINUED) 313
LITHIUM BATTERY ELECTROLYTE COMPANIES 313
TABLE 69 LITHIUM BATTERY ELECTROLYTE MATERIAL COMPANIES 313
TABLE 69 (CONTINUED) 314
LITHIUM BATTERY SEPARATORS 315
LITHIUM BATTERY SEPARATOR COMPANIES 316
TABLE 70 BATTERY SEPARATOR COMPANIES 316
TABLE 70 (CONTINUED) 317
Amerace Microporous Products 317
Asahi Kasei 317
Bekaert (Advanced Refractory Technologies) 317
Celgard, LLC 318
Celgard, LLC/Continued) 319
Dexmet Corp. 320
Entek Membranes 320
ExxonMobil (Tonen Chemical Affiliate) 320
ExxonMobil … (Continued) 321
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. 322
Hollingsworth and Vose Co. 322
Lynntech, Inc. 323
Nippon Kodoshi Corp. (NKK) 323
Pall Corp. 323
SK Energy Corp. 324
TFP, Inc. 324
Ube Industries 325
LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIALS MARKET SUMMARY 325
TABLE 71 PROJECTED GLOBAL PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY ACTIVE ELEMENT VALUE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 326
TABLE 72 PROJECTED GLOBAL PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY ELECTROLYTE VALUE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 326
TABLE 73 PROJECTED GLOBAL PRIMARY LITHIUM BATTERY SEPARATOR VALUE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 327
TABLE 74 PROJECTED SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY ACTIVE ELEMENT VALUE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 327
TABLE 75 PROJECTED GLOBAL SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY ELECTROLYTE VALUE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 328
TABLE 76 PROJECTED GLOBAL SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY SEPARATOR VALUE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 328
TABLE 77 PROJECTED GLOBAL LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIALS VALUE BY TYPE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 328
FIGURE 3 PROJECTED GLOBAL LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIALS VALUE BY TYPE, 2004-2014 ($ MILLIONS) 329
CHAPTER-6: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ASPECTS
THE DRIVING FORCES OF THE INDUSTRY 330
TREND ANALYSIS 330
Trend Analysis (Continued) 331
TABLE 78 BATTERY MARKET (END USE) TREND 332
Trend Analysis (Continued) 333
DRIVING FORCE 1: LITHIUM BATTERY AND BATTERY MATERIAL PATENT SITUATION 334
Patent Disputes 334
University of Texas, Hydro Quebec, and NTT, and Others 334
3M, Sony, and Lenovo 335
3M and Panasonic 336
DRIVING FORCE 2: IMPROVING BATTERY TECHNICAL MATURITY 336
DRIVING FORCE 3: DEVELOPING NEW APPLICATIONS FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES 337
DRIVING FORCE 4: EVOLVING TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS – EVS TO HEVS TO PLUG–INS 338
Pollution Abatement 339
TABLE 79 ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS FROM PHEVS, 2005 340
TABLE 80 PEAK NEW VEHICLE MARKET SHARE FOR THE THREE PHEV ADOPTION SCENARIOS, 2050 (%) 341
Electric Utility Efficiency 341
Electric Utility Efficiency (Continued) 342
Promotion of Domestic Energy Sources 343
Maintaining Technological Competitiveness 344
Obama Administration Incentives 344
Obama Administration … (Continued) 345
Obama Administration … (Continued) 346
TABLE 81 ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY MANUFACTURING INITIATIVE WINNERS 347
TABLE 81 (CONTINUED) 348
Obama Administration … (Continued) 349
Obama Administration … (Continued) 350
DRIVING FORCE 5: PUBLIC SECTOR R&D 351
Ames National Laboratory 352
Argonne National Laboratory 352
Argonne National … (Continued) 353
Argonne National … (Continued) 354
Argonne National … (Continued) 355
Arizona State University 356
Battelle Memorial Institute 357
Brookhaven National Laboratory 357
California Institute of Technology 357
California Institute … (Continued) 358
California Nanosystems Institute 359
Center for Nanoscale Science (CNS) 360
Clark University 360
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne 360
Florida State University 361
Georgia Institute Of Technology, Polymer Research Center 361
Hunter College 361
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory 362
Iowa State University, Ames Laboratory 362
John Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory 362
Kyoto University 362
Kyushu University 362
Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Organique Et De Photochimie Redox 363
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 363
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 363
Los Alamos National Laboratory 364
Massachusetts Institute of Technology 364
Massachusetts … (Continued) 365
Max Planck Institut Für Festkorperforschung 366
Michigan State University 366
National Nanotechnology Initiative 366
National … (Continued) 367
TABLE 82 NATIONAL NANOFABRICATION INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK 368
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 368
National … (Continued) 369
NASA Jet Propulsion Lab 370
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 371
North Carolina Center For Nanoscale Materials (NCCNM) 372
North Carolina State University 373
Northwestern University 373
Northwestern … (Continued) 374
Northwestern … (Continued) 375
Oak Ridge National Laboratory 376
Ohio State University 376
Oregon State University 376
Penn State University 376
Pennsylvania State University, Center For Advanced Materials 377
Purdue University Birck Nanotechnology Center 377
Polytechnic University 378
Princeton University 378
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) 378
Rice University 379
Rochester Institute of Technology 380
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 380
Sandia National Laboratory 380
Sandia … (Continued) 381
Simon Fraser University 382
Sophia University 382
Stanford University 383
State University of New York (SUNY) 383
University of Kentucky 383
Università La Sapienza 384
University of Oklahoma Carbon Nanotubes Technology Center (CaNTeC) 384
Universität Tübingen Institut Für Organische Chemie 385
University of California, Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids 385
University of Chicago 386
University of Colorado 386
University of Dayton Research Institute 386
University of Durham 386
University of Illinois 387
University of Kentucky 387
University of Massachusetts 387
University of Minnesota 387
University of Missouri 388
University of Nevada at Las Vegas 389
University of New Mexico 389
University of New South Wales 390
University of North Carolina 390
University of Pennsylvania 390
University of Rhode Island 391
University of Southern California 391
University of St. Andrews 391
University of Texas 391
University of Tokyo 392
USCAR 392
Waseda University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering 392
DRIVING FORCE 6: BATTERY QUALITY CONTROL & PRODUCT SAFETY 392
The Manufacturing and Assembly Process 392
TABLE 83 GENERIC BATTERY MANUFACTURING TREE 393
Product Safety Issues 394
Alternative Designs 395
Alternative … (Continued) 396
Alternative … (Continued) 397
Lithium Battery Patents that Address Battery Safety 398
Battery Pack 398
Secondary Battery with Protective Circuit 398
Battery Capacity Calculating Method 399
System and Method for Efficiently Implementing a Battery Controller for an Electronic Device 399
Material Safety Issues 399
Material Safety … (Continued) 400
Material Safety … (Continued) 401
TABLE 84 TYPICAL C60 MSDS DATA 402
TABLE 84 (CONTINUED) 403
TABLE 84 (CONTINUED) 404
MARKET SEGMENTATION AND INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION FACTORS 404
MARKET CONCENTRATION FACTORS 404
TABLE 85 LITHIUM BATTERY CONCENTRATION FACTORS 405
TABLE 86 LITHIUM BATTERY MARKET SEGMENTATION AND MARKET FORCES 406
MARKET SEGMENTATION FACTORS 406
Mining 406
Processing/Refining 407
Chemical Synthesis 407
Compounding 408
Recycling 408
INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT AND TRADE PRACTICES 409
LITHIUM BATTERIES AS PART OF THE OVERALL GLOBAL BATTERY MARKET 409
TABLE 87 TOTAL BATTERY MARKET, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 409
DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS 409
TABLE 88 LITHIUM BATTERY DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS 410
INDUSTRY PURCHASING INFLUENCES 411
LITHIUM BATTERY PURCHASING INFLUENCE SIGNIFICANCE 411
LITHIUM BATTERY PURCHASING INFLUENCES 412
TABLE 89 TYPICAL RETAIL LITHIUM BATTERY PRICES, 1996–2009 ($) 412
LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIAL PURCHASING INFLUENCES 412
How Significant Are Material Prices? 412
How Significant … (Continued) 413
