INTRODUCTION 1
Report Coverage 1
Executive Summary 1
China’s Retail Statistics: A Cautionary Note 2
The Problems With Chinese Retail Data? 2
Abbreviations Used 3
Other Relevant Reports from Access Asia 4
Free Online Newsletter and Editorials 4
1 CHINA’S READY MEALS MARKET 5
1.1 Overview 5
1.2 China’s Total Food & Beverage Market 6
1.2.1 Total Food Market: Food & Non-food Sales 6
Table 1.1 TOTAL CURRENT VALUE RETAIL SALES BY FOOD AND NON-FOOD, 2003-2009* 6
1.2.2 Total Food Market: Food/Non-food Split 6
Table 1.2 % BREAKDOWN OF VALUE RETAIL SALES BY FOOD AND NON-FOOD, 2003-2009* 6
1.2.3 Total Food Market: Urban and Rural Split 6
Table 1.3 TOTAL CURRENT VALUE RETAIL SALES BY FOOD & NON-FOOD, 2003-2009* 7
1.2.4 Total Food Market: The Trends 7
Figure 1.1: Total Volume Growth in Retail Sales of Selected Food Products in China, 2003-2009 8
Figure 1.2: Per Capita Volume & Growth of Retail Sales of Selected Food Products in China, 2003/2009 9
Table 1.4 CURRENT VALUE RETAIL FOOD SALES BY MAJOR PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2003-2009* 9
1.2.5 Total Food Market: Urban Value Trends 10
Table 1.5 CURRENT VALUE URBAN RETAIL FOOD SALES BY MAJOR PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2003-2009* 11
1.2.6 Total Food Market: Rural Value Trends 11
Table 1.6 CURRENT VALUE RURAL RETAIL FOOD SALES BY MAJOR PRODUCT CATEGORY, 2003-2009* 12
1.3 China’s Ready Meal Market 12
1.3.1 The Ready Meal Market: Total Market Size 12
Table 1.7 TOTAL RETAIL MARKET VALUE FOR READY MEALS IN CHINA, 2003-2009 13
1.3.2 The Ready Meal Market: Total Market Size in Volume Terms 13
Table 1.8 TOTAL RETAIL MARKET VOLUME FOR READY MEALS IN CHINA, 2003-2009 13
1.3.3 The Ready Meal Market: Food Market Significance 13
Table 1.9 THE READY MEALS MARKET AS A PROPORTION OF TOTAL FOOD SALES IN CHINA, 2003-2009 14
1.4 Sector Breakdown 14
1.4.1 Sector Breakdown: Sector Sizes 14
Table 1.10 MARKET FOR READY MEALS BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2003-2009 15
1.4.2 Sector Breakdown: Sector Shares 15
Table 1.11 % BREAKDOWN OF READY MEALS BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2003-2009 16
1.4.3 Sector Breakdown: Growth Rates 16
Table 1.12 % ANNUAL GROWTH FOR READY MEALS BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2003-2009 16
1.5 Canned Ready Meals Sector 16
1.5.1 Canned Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Values & Volumes 16
Table 1.13 CANNED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 17
1.5.2 Canned Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Breakdown 17
Table 1.14 % BREAKDOWN OF CANNED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 17
1.5.3 Canned Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Growth 18
Table 1.15 ANNUAL GROWTH OF CANNED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2006 18
1.6 Chilled Ready Meals Sector 18
1.6.1 Chilled Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Values & Volumes 18
Table 1.16 CHILLED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 19
1.6.2 Chilled Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Breakdown 19
Table 1.17 % BREAKDOWN OF THE CHILLED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 20
1.6.3 Chilled Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Growth 20
Table 1.18 ANNUAL GROWTH OF THE CHILLED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 20
1.7 Dried Ready Meals Sector 21
1.7.1 Dried Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Values & Volumes 21
Table 1.19 DRIED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 21
1.7.2 Dried Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Breakdown 22
Table 1.20 % BREAKDOWN OF DRIED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 22
1.7.3 Dried Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Growth 22
Table 1.21 ANNUAL GROWTH OF DRIED READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 22
1.8 Frozen Ready Meals Sector 22
1.8.1 Frozen Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Values & Volumes 22
Table 1.22 FROZEN READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 23
1.8.2 Frozen Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Breakdown 24
Table 1.23 % BREAKDOWN OF FROZEN READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 24
1.8.3 Frozen Ready Meals Sector: Subsector Growth 24
Table 1.24 ANNUAL GROWTH OF FROZEN READY MEALS SECTOR VALUE & VOLUME RETAIL SALES BY SUBSECTOR, 2003-2009 24
1.9 Regional Markets 25
1.9.1 Regional Markets: Provincial Values 25
Table 1.25 CURRENT VALUE OF READY MEALS RETAIL MARKET BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2003-2009 25
1.9.2 Regional Markets: Provincial Per Capita Spend 26
Table 1.26 PER CAPITA CURRENT VALUE OF READY MEALS RETAIL MARKET BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2003-2009 26
1.9.3 Regional Markets: Provincial Volumes 27
Table 1.27 VOLUME OF READY MEALS RETAIL MARKET BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2003-2009 27
1.9.4 Regional Markets: Provincial Per Capita Volume Consumption 28
Table 1.28 PER CAPITA VOLUME OF READY MEALS RETAIL MARKET BY PROVINCE IN CHINA, 2003-2009 28
1.10 Market Background Drivers 28
1.10.1 Market Background Drivers: Refrigerator and Freezer Household Ownership 28
Table 1.29 NUMBER OF OWNERS OF FRIDGE-FREEZERS PER 100 URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, 2003-2007 29
Table 1.30 NUMBER OF OWNERS OF FRIDGE-FREEZERS PER 100 RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, 2003-2007 31
Table 1.31 PROPORTION RURAL FRIDGE-OWNING HOUSEHOLDS AS A % OF PROPORTION URBAN FRIDGE-OWNING HOUSEHOLDS, 2003-2007 32
Table 1.32 RURAL APPLIANCE REBATE SCHEME TOP THREE MOST POPULAR ITEMS, UP TO 22 MAY 2009 32
1.10.2 Market Background Drivers: Overall Consumer Confidence 33
1.11 Market Shares 33
1.11.1 Market Shares: A Cautionary Word 33
1.11.2 Market Shares: Frozen Foods Market Value Shares 34
Table 1.33 LEADING NATIONAL FROZEN FOOD COMPANY MARKET SHARES BY SALES REVENUE, 2004-2008 35
1.11.3 Market Shares: Meat Industry Revenue Shares 35
Table 1.34 LEADING COMPANY PROCESSED MEAT INDUSTRY REVENUE MARKET SHARES, 2004–2008 36
1.11.4 Market Shares: Instant Noodle Market Value Shares 37
Table 1.35 INSTANT NOODLE MARKET SHARE BY VALUE, DECEMBER 2006–MARCH 2009 37
Table 1.36 INSTANT NOODLE MARKET SHARE BY VOLUME, DECEMBER 2006–MARCH 2009 37
1.12 Prices 37
1.12.1 Prices: Retail Price Indices 37
Table 1.37 AVERAGE INCOME ANNUAL GROWTH BY SECTOR, 2005–2008 38
Table 1.38 RETAIL PRICE INDICES BY BROAD SECTOR, 2001–2008 39
1.12.2 Prices: Average Unit Values 40
Table 1.39 AVERAGE UNIT RETAIL PRICES OF READY MEAL PRODUCTS BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2003–2009 40
Table 1.40 GROWTH OF AVERAGE UNIT RETAIL PRICES OF READY MEAL PRODUCTS BY SECTOR, 2003–2009 40
1.12.3 Prices: Selected Product Prices 41
Chilled Ready Meals 41
Table 1.41 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED CHILLED READY MEALS, AUGUST 2009 41
Instant Noodles 41
Table 1.42 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED INSTANT NOODLES, NOVEMBER 2009 41
Frozen Pizza 42
Table 1.43 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED FROZEN PIZZAS, FEBRUARY 2009 42
Frozen Ready Meals 42
Table 1.44 RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED FROZEN READY MEALS, FEBRUARY 2009 42
1.13 Ready Meals Outlook 43
1.13.1 Outlook: Forecast Trends 43
1.13.2 Outlook: Total Market Size In Value Terms 43
Table 1.45 FORECAST TOTAL READY MEALS MARKET VALUE IN CHINA, 2010–2014 43
1.13.2 Outlook: Total Market Size In Volume Terms 44
Table 1.46 FORECAST TOTAL READY MEALS MARKET VOLUME IN CHINA, 2010–2014 44
1.13.3 Outlook: Sector Values 44
Table 1.47 FORECAST SALES OF READY MEALS BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2010–2014 44
1.13.4 Outlook: Sector Breakdown 44
Table 1.48 FORECAST PERCENTAGE BREAKDOWN OF READY MEALS BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2010–2014 45
1.13.5 Outlook: Sector Growth 45
Table 1.49 FORECAST ANNUAL GROWTH OF READY MEALS BY SECTOR IN CHINA, 2010–2014 45
1.14 Current Issues 45
1.14.1 Current Issues: Rural Retailing Development Project 45
Table 1.50 STANDARDS FOR COUNTRYSIDE STORES IN VILLAGES 47
Table 1.51 STANDARDS FOR COUNTRYSIDE STORES IN TOWNS/TOWNSHIPS 47
Table 1.52 RURAL RETAILING PROJECT COUNTRYSIDE STORES IN VILLAGES, APRIL 2009 48
Table 1.53 RURAL RETAILING PROJECT COUNTRYSIDE STORES IN TOWNS/TOWNSHIPS, APRIL 2009 48
Table 1.54 RURAL RETAILING PROJECT DISTRIBUTION CENTRES, APRIL 2009 48
Table 1.55 RURAL RETAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPATING COMPANIES, 2005-2008 50
Table 1.56 RURAL RETAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT COMPANY STRUCTURE, 2007 50
1.14.2 Current Issues: Linking the Chill Chain 52
1.14.3 Current Issues: Private Label 53
Table 1.57 CHINA TOP-100 RETAILER’S TOTAL SALES AND PRIVATE LABEL SALES COMPARED, 2005-2009* 55
1.14.4 Current Issues: Food Safety 55
1.14.5 Current Issues: Dangerous Food: Eating Poison 57
1.14.6 Current Issues: Fat Food: Facing an Obesity Epidemic 60
1.14.7 Current Issues: Genetically Modified (GM) Food 64
1.14.8 Current Issues: Going Green/Organic 65
1.14.9 Current Issues: Organic Farming 66
1.14.10 Current Issues: Packaging Waste 68
1.14.11 Current Issues: Vegetarianism: Consumers vote with their feet 70
1.14.12 Current Issues: Avian Flu 71
2 MARKETING & DISTRIBUTION 72
2.1 Marketing & Advertising 72
2.1.1 Marketing & Advertising: Trends 72
Conventional Media Advertising 72
Table 2.1 ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE IN CHINA, 2004-2008 72
Online Advertising 73
Table 2.2 ONLINE ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE IN CHINA, 2004-2008 73
2.1.2 Marketing & Advertising: Leading Advertised Product Categories 74
Table 2.3 TOP 10 ADVERTISING CATEGORIES IN CHINA, 2007 74
2.1.3 Marketing & Advertising: Leading Advertised Brands 74
Table 2.4 TOP 10 ADVERTISED BRANDS IN CHINA BY ADSPEND, 2007-2008 74
2.1.4 Marketing & Advertising: Leading Advertisers 75
Table 2.5 CHINA’S TOP TEN ADVERTISERS, 2004-2006 75
Table 2.6 CHINA’S TOP TEN ADVERTISERS, 2006-2007 75
2.1.5 Marketing & Advertising: The Prime-time Advertising Auction 75
Table 2.7 PRIME-TIME ADVERTISING AUCTION ON CHINA’S CCTV, 2000-2009 76
2.1.6 Marketing & Advertising: Brand Preferences Choice Factors in China 76
Age & Location 76
Table 2.8 BRAND PREFERENCES IN TERMS OF AGE GROUPS & LOCATIONS IN CHINA, 2007 77
Quality Versus Image 77
Table 2.9 FACTORS DETERMINING BRAND CHOICES IN CHINA, 2007 77
Local Versus Foreign 77
Table 2.10 BRAND PREFERENCES IN CHINA, 2007 78
“Chameleon” Brands 78
Table 2.11 TOP CHAMELEON BRANDS IN CHINA, 2008 78
2.1.7 Marketing and Advertising in China: Brand Equity 79
2.1.8 Marketing & Advertising: Emerging Local Brands 79
Table 2.12 CHINA’S MOST VALUABLE BRANDS, 2008/2009 80
2.1.9 Marketing & Advertising: Pricing Issues 80
Table 2.13 CONSUMERS WHO TRADE UP OR DOWN BY INCOME SEGMENTS, 2007 81
Table 2.14 CONSUMERS WHO TRADE UP OR DOWN BY CATEGORIES, 2007 81
2.1.10 Marketing & Advertising: Online Sales 82
Table 2.15 PER CAPITA ONLINE SHOPPING VALUE, 2003-2008 82
Table 2.16 SITES PREFERRED BY ONLINE SHOPPERS, 2008 82
Table 2.17 TOP 10 RETAIL ITEMS ON TAOBAO.COM, 2008 83
Table 2.18 TOP ONLINE SHOPPING TRANSACTION BY REGION, 2007 83
Table 2.19 TOP REASONS FOR NOT SHOPPING ONLINE, 2007 83
2.2 Consumers 84
2.2.1 Consumer Profile: Broad Consumer Trends 84
2.2.2 Consumers: Profile of Chilled Food Consumers 85
2.3 Wholesale Distribution 85
2.3.2 Wholesaling: Meat Wholesaling 85
2.3.3 Wholesale Distribution: The Role of the Wet Markets 86
Table 2.22 WET MARKET DEVELOPMENT & SIGNIFICANCE TO OVERALL FOOD EXPENDITURE, 2001-2007 86
2.4 Retail Distribution 87
Table 2.23 % BREAKDOWN OF CHILLED AND FROZEN READY MEALS RETAIL SALES BY OUTLET TYPE IN CHINA, 2003-2009 87
3 SWOT ANALYSIS 88
3.1 Strengths 88
3.2 Weaknesses 88
3.3 Opportunities 88
3.4 Threats 89
4 LEADING COMPANY PROFILES 90
4.1 Asia Food & Properties Ltd. (AFP) 90
4.1.1 AFP: Company Details 90
4.1.2 AFP: Company Background 90
4.1.3 AFP: China Activities 90
Table 4.1 AFP: MANUFACTURING CAPACITY 91
4.1.4 AFP: Financial Results 91
4.2 China Kangda (Konde) Food Co., Ltd. 92
4.2.1 China Kangda Food: Company Details 92
4.2.2 China Kangda Food: Company Background 92
4.2.3 China Kangda Food: Financial Summary 93
Table 4.2 CHINA KANGDA FOOD CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2007/2008 94
4.3 China Yurun Food Industry Group Co., Ltd. 94
4.3.1 China Yurun: Company Details 94
4.3.2 China Yurun: Company Background 94
Table 4.3 CHINA YURUN FOOD INDUSTRY GROUP CO., LTD.: SUBSIDIARIES, 2008 95
4.3.3 China Yurun: Financial Results 96
Table 4.4 CHINA YURUN FOOD INDUSTRY GROUP CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004-2008 96
4.4 DaChan Group 97
4.4.1 DaChan Group: Company Details 97
4.4.2 DaChan Group: Company Background 97
4.4.3 Dachan Group: Financial Results 98
Table 4.5 DACHAN GROUP CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004-2008 98
4.5 Nestlé 99
4.5.1 Nestlé: Company Details 99
4.5.2 Nestlé: China Operations 99
Table 4.6 NESTLÉ: PRINCIPLE OPERATING COMPANIES IN CHINA 100
4.5.3 Nestlé: Financial Results 100
Table 4.7 NESTLÉ: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004-2008* 100
4.6 Nissin Food Products Co., Ltd. 101
4.6.1 Nissin Foods: Company Details 101
4.6.2 Nissin Foods: Company Background 101
4.6.3 Nissin Foods: China Activities 101
4.6.4 Nissin Foods: Financial Results 102
Table 4.8 NISSIN FOOD PRODUCTS: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004/05-2008/09* 102
4.7 Synear (Sinian) Food 102
4.7.1 Synear (Sinian) Food: Company Details 102
4.7.2 Synear (Sinian) Food: Company Background 102
4.7.3 Synear (Sinian) Food: Financial Results 104
Table 4.9 SYNEAR (SINIAN) FOOD CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2006-2008 104
4.8 Tingyi (Cayman Islands) Holdings Corporation 104
4.9.1 Tingyi: Company Details 104
4.9.2 Tingyi: Company Organisation 104
4.9.3 Tingyi: Noodles 105
4.8.4 Tingyi: Financial Results 105
Table 4.10 TINGYI: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004-2008 106
4.9 Toyo Suisan Kaisha Co., Ltd. 106
4.10.1 Toyo Suisan Kaisha: Company Details 106
4.9.2 Toyo Suisan Kaisha: Company Background 106
4.9.3 Toyo Suisan Kaisha: Financial Results 106
Table 4.11 TOYO SUISAN KAISHA: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004/05-2008/09* 107
4.10 Uni-President Enterprises Corporation 107
4.10.1 Uni-President: Company Details 107
4.10.2 Uni-President: Company Background 107
4.10.3 Uni-President: China-based Noodle Activities 107
4.10.4 Uni-President: Financial Results 108
Table 4.12 UNI-PRESIDENT ENTERPRISES CORPORATION: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004-2008 108
4.11 Zhengzhou Sanquan Foods 108
4.11.1 Zhengzhou Sanquan Foods: Company Details 108
4.11.2 Zhengzhou Sanquan Foods: Company Background 108
4.11.3 Zhengzhou Sanquan Foods: Financial Results 109
Table 4.13 ZHENGZHOU SANQUAN FOODS CO., LTD.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2005-2008 109
4.12 Zhongpin, Inc. 109
4.12.1 Zhongpin: Company Details 109
4.12.2 Zhongpin: Company Background 109
4.12.3 Zhongpin: Financial Results 110
Table 4.14 ZHONGPIN, INC.: FINANCIAL RESULTS, 2004-2008 110
4.13 Zhucheng Delisi Group 111
4.13.1 Zhucheng Delisi Group: Company Details 111
4.13.2 Zhucheng Delisi Group: Company Background 111
5 CONTACTS 112
5.1 Trade Organisations 112
5.1.1 China National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs Import & Export Corporation 112
5.1.2 All-China Federation of Industry & Commerce 112
5.1.3 China Canned Food Industry Association 112
5.2 Government Departments 113
5.2.1 Agriculture Ministry 113
5.2.2 Ministry of Commerce 113
5.2.3 Ministry of Health 113
6 EXHIBITIONS & TRADE FAIRS 114
6.1 International FoodTec China 114
6.2 China FoodTech 114
6.3 China International Food Expo 114
6.4 China Refrigeration & Frozen Food Processing & Packaging 114
APPENDIX: MARKET BACKGROUND 115
A.1 Fast Facts 115
A.2 Regions of China 116
Map A.1 CHINA: PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALITIES 116
A.3 Demographics 117
A.3.1 Demographics: Total Population 117
Table A.1 TOTAL POPULATION, 2003–2009* 117
A.3.2 Demographics: Population by Location 118
Table A.2 POPULATION BY URBAN-RURAL DIVIDE, 2003–2009* 119
Table A.3 POPULATION % BREAKDOWN BY URBAN-RURAL DIVIDE, 2003–2009* 119
A.3.3 Demographics: Population by Province 119
Table A.4 POPULATION BY PROVINCE, 2003–2009* 120
A.3.4 Demographics: Population Density by Province 121
Table A.5 POPULATION DENSITY BY PROVINCE, 2005-2008 121
A.3.5 Demographics: Population Concentration 121
Map A.2 POPULATION CONCENTRATIONS BY PROVINCE, 2009* 122
A.3.6 Demographics: Population by Gender 122
Table A.6 TOTAL POPULATION BY GENDER & % BREAKDOWN, 2003–2009* 123
A.3.7 Demographics: Population by Age Group 123
Table A.7 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP, 2003–2009* 123
Table A.8 % BREAKDOWN OF POPULATION BY AGE GROUP, 2003–2009* 124
A.4 Consumer Attitudes 124
A.4.1 Consumer Attitudes: Overview 124
A.4.2 Consumer Attitudes: Response to Political Change 124
A.4.2 Consumer Attitudes: Response to Economic Change 125
A.4.3 Consumer Attitudes: Changes in Lifestyle 126
Livelihood 126
Individual loans 126
Housing 126
Possessions 126
Travel 127
Entertainment 128
Health and Fitness 128
Purchasing Influences 129
Taboos 129
A.5 Consumer Wealth 130
A.5.1 Consumer Wealth: GDP and Cost of Living 130
China’s New Middle Class 130
Table A.9 MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN CHINA, 1995/2000/2005/2010/2015 131
Table A.10 TOTAL CONSUMPTION BY MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, 2005/2010/2015 131
Table A.11 CONSUMPTION BY MIDDLE AND UPPER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS & % OF TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS, 1995/2000/2005/2010/2015 132
Confident Shoppers 133
Table A.12 GDP AND COST OF LIVING INDEX, 2003–2009* 134
A.5.2 Consumer Wealth: Provincial GDP 134
Table A.13 GDP BY PROVINCE, 2003–2009* 135
A.5.3 Consumer Wealth: GDP Growth by Province 136
Table A.14 GDP GROWTH BY PROVINCE, 2003–2009* 136
A.5.4 Consumer Wealth: GDP Per Capita by Province 136
Table A.15 PER CAPITA GDP BY PROVINCE, 2003–2009* 137
A.5.5 Consumer Wealth: Concentration of Wealth by Province 137
Map A.3 VALUE OF GDP PER CAPITA BY PROVINCE, 2009* 138
A.5.6 Consumer Wealth: The Major Cities 139
Table A.16 LEADING CITIES KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 2008 139
A.6 Households 140
A.6.1 Households: Overview of Household Conditions 140
A.6.2 Households: Total Households by Size 140
Table A.17 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SIZE, 2003–2009* 141
A.6.3 Households: Total households by Urban/Rural Split 141
Table A.18 NUMBER AND SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS BY LOCATION, 2003–2009* 141
A.6.4 Households: Income Earners Per Household 142
Table A.19 AVERAGE NUMBER OF INCOME EARNERS PER HOUSEHOLD, 2003–2009* 142
A.7 Employment 142
A.7.1 Employment: Number of Workers by Sector 142
Table A.20 NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR, 2002–2008 142
A.7.2 Employment: Growth by Sector 143
Table A.21 GROWTH IN EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR, 2002–2008 143
A.7.3 Employment: Number of Workers by Gender 143
Table A.22 TOTAL NATIONAL WORKFORCE BY GENDER, 2002–2008 143
A.7.3 Employment: Number of Workers by Habitation 144
Table A.23 NATIONAL WORKFORCE BY HABITATION, 2002–2008 144
A.7.4 Employment: Urban Unemployment 144
Table A.24 URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, 2002–2008 145
A.8 Consumer Income 145
A.8.1 Consumer Income: Average Incomes by Sector 145
Table A.25 AVERAGE INCOMES BY SECTOR, 2002–2008 145
A.8.2 Consumer Income: Growth by Sector 146
Table A.26 GROWTH IN AVERAGE INCOMES BY SECTOR, 2002–2008 146
A.8.3 Consumer Income: Average Incomes by Region 147
Table A.27 AVERAGE INCOMES BY REGION, 2002–2008 147
A.8.4 Consumer Income: Growth by Region 148
Table A.28 GROWTH IN AVERAGE INCOMES BY REGION, 2002–2008 148
A.9 Consumer Market 149
A.9.1 Consumer Market: Spending Trends 149
Table A.29 CONSUMER EXPENDITURE** BY BROAD SECTOR AT CURRENT PRICES, 2002–2009* 149
A.9.2 Consumer Market: Per Capita Consumer Expenditure 149
Table A.30 PER CAPITA CONSUMER EXPENDITURE** BY BROAD SECTOR AT CURRENT PRICES, 2002–2009* 149
A.9.3 Consumer Market: Retail Sales and Consumer Spending 150
Table A.31 RETAIL SALES AS A PROPORTION OF CONSUMER EXPENDITURE**, 2002–2009* 150
A.9.4 Consumer Market: Urban Income and Spending Compared 150
Table A.32 URBAN & RURAL AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME/EXPENDITURE, 2002–2008 150
A.10 Exchange Rates 151
A.10.1 Exchange Rates: China 151
Table A.33 AVERAGE ANNUAL RENMINBI EXCHANGE RATES AGAINST A VARIETY OF CURRENCIES, 2001–2008 151
A.10.2 Exchange Rates: Hong Kong 151
Table A.34 AVERAGE ANNUAL HONG KONG DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATES AGAINST THE UNITED STATES DOLLAR AND RENMINBI, 2001–2008 151
