Global Markets for Renewable Energy

• Publication date: September 2010

THIS REPORT CONTAINS Discussion of the renewables industry's economic environment, technologies, and issues Analysis of global market trends, with data from 2009, estimates for 2010, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2015 Projections of cumulative and annual new capacity for the various technologies from global, regional, and national perspectives A comprehensive overview of the global phot...

THIS REPORT CONTAINS

Discussion of the renewables industry's economic environment, technologies, and issues
Analysis of global market trends, with data from 2009, estimates for 2010, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2015
Projections of cumulative and annual new capacity for the various technologies from global, regional, and national perspectives
A comprehensive overview of the global photovoltaics market, and estimates of the markets for biomass-fueled generation capacity, small wind turbines, and mini-, micro- and pico-hydro
Examinations of the latest technology trends and other factors, such as funding agencies, resources, industry trends, and green power.

INTRODUCTION 

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

BCC Research’s goal in conducting this study was to determine the current status of the global market for renewable energy sources and then to assess their growth potential over a 5-year period from 2010 to 2015. Integrated studies covering renewables have become unusual due to their rapid growth and differing characteristics; moreover, we were particularly interested in assessing the possibility that renewables will begin to compete with each other as well as with fossil fuels for market share, government subsidies, and public support. We also wished to examine the impact on the market brought about by the surging global demand for energy, the impact of climate change on alternative fuels, improvements in technology, and the availability of new materials. Our key objective was to present a comprehensive overview of the current markets for renewable energy supplies and the future directions they make take.

A companion BCC Research report covering green technologies will be available in November 2010. Topics will include combined heat and power plants, waste-to-energy, utility-level storage, the smart grid, smart meters and home energy management, energy efficiency in buildings, lighting and internal combustion engines, electric and hybrid vehicles and more.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

Market studies have become increasingly “stove-piped” regarding green technology in general and renewable energy sources specifically. This is natural. Each of the sources of renewable energy employs differing technologies, has differing constraints, and offers different possibilities to differing classes of users.

However, bringing renewable energy sources together allows an assessment of the combined contribution they can make in reducing CO2 emissions, helping countries achieve energy independence, conserving natural resources, and bettering the environment in various ways. Looking at renewables in a single report also allows an assessment of policy-relevant issues in terms of gauging where support is warranted, how close some energy sources are in terms of providing significant contributions to the portfolio of available resources, and what metrics might be useful in deciding what energy sources are best-equipped to satisfy the needs of individual countries and regions.

SCOPE OF REPORT

The scope of this report is intentionally wide. We cover the major sources of renewable energy as primary fuels—hydroelectric, wind, solar, liquid biofuels for transportation, geothermal, and oceanic sources (wave, tidal and thermal). There is no shortage of reports on each of these in the marketplace. What is lacking, and what this report is intended to provide, is a global perspective that places each of these sources in a relevant context for decision makers in both the public and private sectors.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report is intended for professionals at several levels working in the energy and/or environmental field. Although the report is structured around specific technologies, it is largely nontechnical in nature. That is, it is concerned less with theory and jargon than with what works, how much of the latter the market is likely to purchase, and at what price.

As such, the report’s main audience is executive management, marketing professionals, and financial analysts. It is not written specifically for scientists and technologists, although its findings concern the market for their work, including the availability of government and corporate research funding for different technologies and applications, so it should interest them as well.

Others who should find the report informative include government agencies and environmental and public policy interest groups concerned with energy, sustainable development, and the environment.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. BCC Research surveyed approximately 33 companies to obtain market data. Included were manufacturers, utilities, regulators, environmental analysts and reporters, and commercial consumers. In addition, we compiled data from current financial and trade information and government sources.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

Thomas Fuller has been a market research analyst for 16 years and has published numerous reports on technology products and market issues. Fuller has broad experience in covering regulatory and consumer issues. He is the author of a book on climate change, and his work on bibliometrics is regularly cited in books and magazines.

Global Renewable Energy Industry

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
SCOPE OF REPORT 2
INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 2
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 2
RELATED REPORTS 3
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 3
DISCLAIMER 3

Chapter-2: SUMMARY

SUMMARY 4
SUMMARY TABLE   GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 5
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET, 2009?2015 ($ BILLIONS) 6
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 7

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW

RENEWABLE ENERGY TODAY 8
TABLE 1   GROWTH OF RENEWABLE ENERGY, 2007-2015 (QUADRILLION BTUS) 9
FIGURE 1   GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY, 2007-2015 (QUADRILLION BTUS) 9
TABLE 2   SHORT-TERM PROGRESS OF RENEWABLES 10
TABLE 3 GLOBAL CAGRS OF RENEWABLE FUELS, THROUGH 2008 10
TABLE 4 GLOBAL LEADERS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY, 2009 11
AFTER THE GOLD RUSH 12
AFTER THE GOLD RUSH (CONTINUED) 13
AFTER THE GOLD RUSH (CONTINUED) 14
AFTER THE GOLD RUSH (CONTINUED) 15
AFTER THE GOLD RUSH (CONTINUED) 16
TABLE 5   GLOBAL ENERGY USE BY FUEL TYPE, 2010?2015 (QUADRILLION BTUS) 17
FIGURE 2   GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND TOTAL ENERGY USE, 2010?2015 (QUADRILLION BTUS) 17
TABLE 6 GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY INDIVIDUAL FUELS FOR ELECTRICITY, THROUGH 2015 (GW) 18
THE IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS MODELS 18
WIND HOLDS ITS BREATH 19
TABLE 7 FIRST-QUARTER PERFORMANCE OF LEADING WIND POWER COMPANIES, 2010 ($ MILLIONS/%) 20
JUNE 1, 2010 21
NOTE ON THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 21
MEASUREMENTS 22
EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKETS 22
CO2 EMISSIONS 22
TABLE 8 SOURCE AND QUANTITY OF CO2 EMISSIONS, 2010 AND 2015 (BILLIONS OF METRIC TONNES) 23
THE ETHICAL DILEMMA 24
THE ETHICAL DILEMMA (CONTINUED) 25
THE ETHICAL DILEMMA (CONTINUED) 26
THE DEEPWATER OIL SPILL 27
DEVELOPMENTS IN CLIMATE SCIENCE 28
CLIMATEGATE 29
COPENHAGEN 30
ERRORS IN THE IPCC’S 4TH ANNUAL REVIEW 30
TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 31
TABLE 9   GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE, THROUGH 2015 32
COSTS OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY 32
COSTS OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY (CONTINUED) 33

Chapter-4: APPLICATIONS

DESERTEC AND MASDAR 34
DESERTEC 34
MASDAR 35
HYDROELECTRIC POWER 36
TABLE 10 GROWTH IN GLOBAL HYDROELECTRIC CAPACITY, 2007?2015 (GW) 37
FIGURE 3   GROWTH IN GLOBAL HYDROELECTRIC CAPACITY, 2007?2015 (GW) 37
TABLE 11 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER, BY REGION, 2008 (GWH) 38
SMALL HYDRO AND MICRO HYDRO 39
TABLE 12 WORLD LEADERS IN SMALL HYDRO, BY REGION, 2008 (MW) 39
Small Hydro and Micro Hydro (Continued) 40
HYDROELECTRIC UPRATING 41
PUMPED STORAGE 41
RUN-OF-THE-RIVER HYDROELECTRIC POWER 42
WIND POWER 42
TABLE 13 GLOBAL LEADERS IN WIND INSTALLATIONS, BY REGION, 2009 (MW) 43
WIND POWER (CONTINUED) 44
TABLE 14   GLOBAL WIND POWER CAPACITY INSTALLATIONS AND TOTAL, 2007?2015 (GW) 45
FIGURE 4 GROWTH OF INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY, 2007?2015 (GW) 46
OFFSHORE WIND POWER 46
SOLAR POWER 47
SOLAR POWER (CONTINUED) 48
SOLAR POWER (CONTINUED) 49
THE DRAM DILEMMA 50
TABLE 15 COMPARISON OF 1ST-QUARTER RESULTS FOR LEADING SOLAR POWER MANUFACTURERS, 2009 AND 2010 ($ MILLIONS) 51
PRODUCTION CAPACITY OUTLOOK 52
TABLE 16 ANNOUNCED PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE MANUFACTURING PLANT OPENINGS, 2010 53
TABLE 16 (CONTINUED) 54
TABLE 17 GLOBAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY OUTLOOK FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS, 2009- 2015 (MW) 54
FIGURE 5 GLOBAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY PHOTOVOLTAICS, 2009?2015 (MW) 55
Production Capacity Outlook (Continued) 56
TABLE 18 GROWTH OF ANNUAL SOLAR INSTALLATIONS AND TOTAL CAPACITY, 2007?2015 (GW) 57
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL GROWTH IN INSTALLED PHOTOVOLTAIC CAPACITY, 2007?2015 (MW) 57
PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) 58
Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) 58
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) 58
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) (Continued) 59
LOW TEMPERATURE SOLAR THERMAL 60
LIQUID BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION 61
TABLE 19 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION, 2007?2015 (MILLION BARRELS PER DAY) 61
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL GROWTH OF BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION, 2007-2015 (MILLIONS OF BARRELS PER DAY) 61
TABLE 20 WORLD LEADERS IN BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION, 2008 62
TABLE 21 GLOBAL ENERGY FROM BIOFUELS BY USAGE, 2007 63
LIQUID BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) 64
TABLE 22   LIQUID BIOFUELS PRODUCTION, 2006?2030 (MBD) 65
ETHANOL 66
TABLE 23 MAJOR PRODUCERS OF ETHANOL, ANDANNUAL FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2007–2009 (MILLIONS OF U.S. LIQUID GALLONS PER YEAR) 66
Ethanol (Continued) 67
BIODIESEL 68
NEXT-GENERATION BIOFUELS 69
TABLE 24 NEXT GENERATION BIOFUELS AND DEVELOPERS 70
PARTNERING WITH THE MAJORS 71
Partnering with the Majors (Continued) 72
AVIATION FUELS 73
AVIATION FUELS (CONTINUED) 74
GEOTHERMAL 75
TABLE 25 GLOBAL GROWTH OF GEOTHERMAL POWER, 2007?2015 (GW) 76
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL GROWTH OF GEOTHERMAL POWER, 2007?2015 (GW) 76
ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS 77
ENERGY FROM THE OCEAN 77
WAVE 78
TIDAL 79
OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION 80
HORIZON SCANNING 81
SPACE BASED POWER SATELLITES 81
HYDROGEN 81
HYDROGEN (CONTINUED) 82
GEOENGINEERING 83
GEOENGINEERING (CONTINUED) 84

Chapter-5: HISTORY, DEFINITIONS, AND DESCRIPTIONS

HYDROELECTRIC 85
HYDROELECTRIC (CONTINUED) 86
SMALL, MINI, MICRO AND PICO HYDRO 87
Small, Mini, Micro and Pico Hydro (Continued) 88
WIND 89
HOW IT WORKS 90
How it Works (Continued) 91
OFFSHORE WIND 92
SOLAR 93
PHOTOVOLTAIC 93
Photovoltaic (Continued) 94
TABLE 26 MAJOR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES 95
Balance of Systems 96
Module Frames 96
Interconnections 96
Encapsulation 96
Concentrated Photovoltaic Power (CVP) 97
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER 98
Small Scale Solar Thermal 99
TABLE 27 CUMULATIVE INSTALLED SOLAR, WATER, AND SPACE HEATING CAPACITY IN TEN LEADING COUNTRIES AND THE WORLD, 2007 (THERMAL MEGAWATTS) 100
TABLE 27 (CONTINUED) 101
LIQUID BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION 101
FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS 102
Ethanol 103
Biodiesel 103
Bioalcohols 104
Syngas 104
SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS 104
Potential 105
Challenges 105
THIRD-GENERATION BIOFUELS 105
Third-Generation Biofuels (Continued) 106
GEOTHERMAL 107
GEOTHERMAL (CONTINUED) 108
OCEAN (WAVE, TIDAL, AND OTEC) 109
WAVE 109
How It Works 109
TIDAL 110
How It Works 110
OTEC 111
How It Works 112
How it Works (Continued) 113

Chapter-6: MARKET STATE, MAJOR MANUFACTURERS, AND MARKET SHARE

INTRODUCTION 114
GREEN STIMULUS 114
TABLE 28   TOTAL 2009 STIMULUS AND GREEN-DEDICATED PORTION, SELECTED COUNTRIES ($ BILLIONS) 115
INVESTMENT 115
TABLE 29   U.S. VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT BY SECTOR, 2009 (%) 116
SUPPLIERS 116
HYDROELECTRIC POWER 117
TABLE 30 GLOBAL HYDROELECTRIC MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 117
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL HYDROELECTRIC MARKET, 2009?2015 ($ BILLIONS) 118
TABLE 31 MAJOR MARKETS FOR HYDROELECTRIC POWER, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 119
PROVIDERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY 119
TABLE 32 GLOBAL HYDROELECTRIC MARKET FOR PLANTS AND MACHINERY BY COMPANY AND REVENUE 2009 ($ MILLIONS) 120
OPERATORS 120
TABLE 33 LEADING GLOBAL MARKET HYDROELECTRIC OPERATORS, RANKED BY CAPACITY, 2009 ($ MILLIONS/MW) 121
TABLE 34   NUMBER OF LARGE DAMS BY COUNTRY, 2010 121
Operators (Continued) 122
TABLE 35   GROWTH IN TOTAL HYDROELECTRIC CAPACITY, 2007?2015 (GW) 123
TABLE 36 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER, 2009 (GW) 124
IMPROVING PERFORMANCE FROM HYDROELECTRIC POWER 124
SMALL HYDRO AND MICRO HYDRO 124
Small Hydro and Micro Hydro (Continued) 125
HYDROELECTRIC UPRATING 125
WIND 126
TABLE 37 GLOBAL WIND POWER MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 127
FIGURE 10   GLOBAL WIND POWER MARKET, 2009?2015 ($ BILLION) 127
TABLE 38   MAJOR MARKETS FOR WIND POWER, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 128
TABLE 39   GLOBAL LEADERS IN WIND POWER MANUFACTURE, REVENUES, INSTALLATIONS, AND MARKET SHARE ($ MILLIONS/MW/%) 128
SOLAR 129
TABLE 40   GLOBAL SOLAR POWER MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 129
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL SOLAR POWER MARKET, 2009?2015 ($ BILLIONS) 130
TABLE 41   MAJOR MARKETS FOR SOLAR POWER, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 130
PHOTOVOLTAIC 131
TABLE 42   TOP GLOBAL PHOTOVOLTAIC MANUFACTURERS, 2009 REVENUES ($MILLIONS), SHIPMENTS (MW), AND MARKET SHARE 131
CONCENTRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (CPV) 132
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) 133
TABLE 43 CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PROVIDERS (ALPHABETICALLY) AND 2009 REVENUES, ($ MILLIONS) 134
MAJOR PURCHASERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 134
TABLE 44 GLOBAL PV ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SECTOR, 2010 (TERAWATT HOURS) 135
LIQUID BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION 135
TABLE 45 GLOBAL BIOFUELS FOR LIQUID TRANSPORTATION MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 135
FIGURE 12 GLOBAL BIOFUELS FOR LIQUID TRANSPORTATION MARKET, 2009?2015 ($ BILLIONS) 136
TABLE 46 MAJOR MARKETS FOR LIQUID BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION, BY REGION, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 136
ETHANOL 137
TABLE 47 ETHANOL: MARKET LEADERS, BY REVENUES, PRODUCTION, AND MARKET SHARE, 2009 ($ MILLIONS/BGY/% 137
BIODIESEL 138
TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET LEADERS BIODIESEL ($ MILLIONS) 138
TABLE 49 BIODIESEL CAPACITY LEADERS IN EUROPE, 2009 (MILLION LITERS PER YEAR) 139
GEOTHERMAL 140
TABLE 50 GLOBAL GEOTHERMAL POWER MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 140
FIGURE 13   GLOBAL GEOTHERMAL POWER MARKET, 2009?2015 ($ BILLIONS) 141
TABLE 51   MAJOR MARKETS FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER BY REGION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 141
TABLE 52 MAJOR MANUFACTURERS AND MARKET SHARE, GEOTHERMAL, 2009 (MW/$ MILLIONS/%) 142
OCEAN 143
TABLE 53   GLOBAL OCEAN POWER MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS) 143
FIGURE 14 GLOBAL OCEAN POWER MARKET, 2009?2015 ($ BILLIONS) 143
TABLE 54   MAJOR MARKETS FOR OCEAN POWER, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 144
OCEAN (CONTINUED) 145
TABLE 55 WAVE POWER COMPANIES 146
TABLE 56 TIDAL POWER COMPANIES 146
TABLE 56 (CONTINUED) 147
TABLE 56 (CONTINUED) 148
TABLE 57   OTEC COMPANIES 148
TABLE 57 (CONTINUED) 149

Chapter-7: MAJOR MARKETS

INTRODUCTION 150
RENEWABLES 150
TABLE 58 20 TOP ENERGY CONSUMING COUNTRIES AND DELIVERED RENEWABLE ENERGY, 2006 150
TABLE 58 (CONTINUED) 151
CHINA 151
China (Continued) 152
China (Continued) 153
China (Continued) 154
UNITED STATES 155
TABLE 59   U.S. COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, SELECTED RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, 2000?2008 (%) 155
TABLE 60   U.S. ELECTRICITY CAPACITY AND GENERATION, ALL RENEWABLES, 2000?2008 156
TABLE 61   U.S. ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY ENERGY SOURCE, 2004–2008 (QUADRILLION BTU) 157
RUSSIA 157
JAPAN 158
INDIA 159
SELECTED COUNTRIES NOT LISTED ABOVE 159
Australia 159
South Korea 160
HYDROELECTRIC POWER 161
TABLE 62 GLOBAL HYDROELECTRIC MARKET BY COUNTRY 161
TABLE 63 PLANNED HYDROELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION (OVER 2,000 MW) 161
TABLE 63 (CONTINUED) 162
SOLAR 162
PHOTOVOLTAIC 162
TABLE 64 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELLS, BY COUNTRY, 2009 (%) 162
TABLE 65   ANNUAL SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 1995?2008 (MW) 163
GEOTHERMAL 163
TABLE 66 MAJOR MARKETS FOR GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY, 2010 (MW) 164
UNITED STATES 165
PHILIPPINES 165
INDONESIA 166
MEXICO 166
ITALY 167
ICELAND 167
UTILITY SCALE SOLAR PROJECTS 168
TABLE 67   TOP U.S. DEVELOPERS OF LARGE SOLAR PROJECTS (MW) 168
CONCENTRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER (CVP) 169
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) 169
TABLE 68 WORLD INSTALLED CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL POWER CAPACITY, 2000?2007 (MW) 170
TABLE 69 PLANNED CONSTRUCTION OF CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANTS 171
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) (Continued) 172

Chapter-8: MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

M&A ACTIVITY OVER THE LAST 15 MONTHS 173
M&A ACTIVITY OVER THE LAST … (CONTINUED) 174
M&A ACTIVITY OVER THE LAST … (CONTINUED) 175

Chapter-9: DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES

INTRODUCTION 176
GENERAL 176
TABLE 70 DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS BY REGION, THROUGH 2050 (MILLIONS) 176
AGE 177
TABLE 71 AGING OF WORLD POPULATION, 2000 AND 2014 177
TABLE 71 (CONTINUED) 178
HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION 178
INCREASING INCOME 179
INCREASING INCOME (CONTINUED) 180

Chapter-10: TRENDS IN PRICE AND PRICE PERFORMANCE

INTRODUCTION 181
WIND POWER 181
TURBINE SIZE 181
GEARBOXES 182

Chapter-11: OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING DEMAND

GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES 183
EUROPEAN UNION 183
UNITED STATES 183
United States (Continued) 184
United States (Continued) 185
SOLAR 186
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS 186
European Activities 186
Implementing the Vision 187
Germany’s National Program 188
European Photovoltaic Industry Association 189
Japanese PV Efforts 190
The Subsidy Program 190
OTHER INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT 191
STANDARDS AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT ORGANIZATIONS 192
PV ECONOMICS AND COSTS 192
SOLAR REBATES AND INCENTIVES 193
The U.S. Example 193
Federal and State PV Incentives 194
The Solar America Initiative (SAI) 195
CARBON MARKETS 195
EMISSION TRADING SCHEMES 196
Emission Trading Schemes (Continued) 197

Chapter-12: GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND SUPPORT

GOVERNMENT COMMITMENTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES 198
TABLE 72 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENTS, SELECTED COUNTRIES 198
TABLE 72 (CONTINUED) 199
FEED-IN TARIFFS (FIT) 200
RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS (RPS) 201
POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT (PPA) 201
PRODUCTION TAX CREDITS (PTC) 202
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP) 202
United Nations Environment … (Continued) 203
DIVISION OF EARLY WARNING AND ASSESSMENT (DEWA) 204
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY DIVISION OF TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY AND ECONOMICS (DTIE) 205
DIVISION OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND LAW (DPDL) 205
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION (DEPI) 206
DIVISION OF REGIONAL COOPERATION (DRC) 207
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS (DEC) 207
UNEP/GEF 208
UNEP Governing Bodies 208
UNEP Partnerships 208
UNEP Scientific Advisory Groups 208
The Ecosystem Conservation Group (ECG) 209
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 209
The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine (STAP) 209
UNEP ENERGY 210
Renewable Energy 210
Energy Efficiency 211
Transport – Sustainable Mobility 211
Global Initiative on Promoting Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems 212
Alternative Fuels 212
Roundtable of Sustainable Biofuels (RSB) 212
International Resource Panel 212
Promoting Vehicles Energy Efficiency 212
Bioenergy 213
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) 213
IPCC Energy 214
Development of New Scenarios 215
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 215
European Commission Energy 215
Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) 215
Smart Grids 216
Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI) 216
Executive Agency for … (Continued) 217
Euratom Supply Agency 218
U.S. STATE, LOCAL, AND FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 219
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 219
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) 220
Biomass 221
Geothermal 221
Solar 221
About the Solar Program 221
Water 222
Vehicles 222
Vehicles (Continued) 223
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 224
EPA Timeline 224
EPA Financials 225
Investing in Clean Air 225
Cap and Trade Offsets Methodology 225
Renewable Fuels Standards (RFS) 226
Air Toxics 226
Look Ahead 226
EPA Priorities 227
EPA Energy 228
EPA Energy Star 229
REGIONAL 230
LOCAL GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES 230
Local Government Initiatives (Continued) 231
Local Government Initiatives (Continued) 232

Chapter-13: CHALLENGES TO ADOPTION

SOLAR 233
STANDARDS AND SAFETY 233
International Standards 233
The Global Approval Program (PV GAP) 234
Other Organizations 234
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 235
BIOFUELS 236
OCEAN 236
WAVE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 236
FISH AND MARINE LIFE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES 237
VISUAL APPEARANCE AND NOISE 237
SEDIMENTARY FLOW PATTERNS 237
DEVICE FLUID LEAKS 238
RECREATIONAL 238
THE PERMITTING PROCESS IN THE U.S. 238
THE FERC PROCESS 239

Chapter-14: TECHNOLOGY, INCLUDING PATENT EVALUATION

INNOVATION 240
BIOTECHNOLOGY 240
BIOTECHNOLOGY (CONTINUED) 241
BIOTECHNOLOGY (CONTINUED) 242
NANOTECHNOLOGY 243
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY 244
FAST TRACKING 244
HYDROELECTRIC 245
Turbines 245
WIND 245
TABLE 73 GLOBAL WIND TURBINE PATENT ACTIVITY, BY COMPANY, 1990-2009 246
SOLAR POWER 246
TABLE 74 TOP 10 MANUFACTURERS OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGY* 247
Photovoltaic 247
TABLE 75 SOLAR-RELATED PATENT ACTIVITY BY COMPANY, 2009?JUNE 2010 248
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) 248
GEOTHERMAL 249
TABLE 76   PATENTS BY GEOTHERMAL COMPANIES FILED IN 2009 249
TABLE 76 (CONTINUED) 250
OCEAN 250
TABLE 77 PATENTS FOR OCEAN POWER, 2009 250

Chapter-15: COMPANY PROFILES

LARGE MULTI-SECTOR OPERATORS 251
ACCIONA 251
BP 252
News 253
RWE 254
RWE NPOWER 255
News 256
SUPPLIERS TO THE RENEWABLES INDUSTRY SECTORS 257
ABB LTD. 257
News 258
ALSTOM 258
News 259
ANDRITZ AG 260
News 261
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED (INDIA) 261
News 262
DONGFANG ELECTRIC CORPORATION LTD. (CHINA) 263
News 264
FUJI ELECTRIC GROUP 265
Fuji Geothermal Steam Turbines 265
News 266
Targeted Markets for Newly Installed Facilities 266
GENERAL ELECTRIC 267
GE ENERGY 268
Renewable Power Generation 268
Solar 269
Utility Scale Inverters 269
Solar Plant Features: 269
Thin-Film Solar 269
Wind 269
Products 270
GE AERO ENERGY 270
GE ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CORP. 270
News 271
GE GLOBAL NUCLEAR FUEL - AMERICAS, LLC 271
HARBIN POWER EQUIPMENT CORPORATION (CHINA) 271
News 272
HITACHI 272
News 273
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES 273
Mitsubishi Steam Turbines 274
News 275
SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT 275
SIEMENS AG (HYDROPOWER) 276
News 277
TOSHIBA CORPORATION 278
Toshiba Thermal Power Plant Engineering 279
News 280
News (Continued) 281
HYDROPOWER 282
CHINA HUADIAN (CHINA) 282
Business Scope 282
Key Financials and capacities 283
News 284
HYDRO GREEN ENERGY (U.S.) 284
News 285
ONTARIO POWER GENERATION (CANADA) 285
News 286
SHAOYANG HENGYUAN ZIJIANG (CHINA) 286
SINOHYDRO 287
News 288
VOITH AG 288
News 289
WIND 290
ACCIONA 290
ENERCON GMBH 291
News 292
GAMESA 292
News 293
(XINJIANG) GOLDWIND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 294
(Xinjiang) Goldwind Science…(Continued) 294
News 295
NORDEX SE 296
News 297
News (Continued) 297
REPOWER 298
REpower (Continued) 299
SINOVEL WIND COMPANY 300
News 300
SUZLON ENERGY LIMITED 301
News 302
VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS 302
Outlook for 2010 303
News 303
SOLAR 304
BP SOLAR INTERNATIONAL, INC. 304
CANADIAN SOLAR INC. 305
News 305
FIRST SOLAR. INC. 306
News 307
KYOCERA 307
Kyocera (Continued) 308
News 309
MOTECH INDUSTRIES 310
Q-CELLS – SE 310
News 311
SANYO SOLAR USA (PANASONIC CORPORATION) 311
News 312
SHANGHAI JA SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 312
News 313
SHARP CORPORATION 313
News 314
SOLARFUN POWER HOLDINGS 314
News 315
SUNPOWER CORPORATION 315
News 316
SUNTECH 317
SUNTECH AMERICA 317
News 318
TRINA SOLAR LIMITED 318
News 319
YINGLI SOLAR 320
News 321
LIQUID BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION 321
AMYRIS BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 321
Amyris Renewable Diesel 322
ARCHERS DANIELS MIDLAND 322
News 323
BIOFUEL ENERGY CORP. 324
News 324
BIOJET CORP. 325
BLUEFIRE ETHANOL 326
News 326
COSAN 327
GREEN PLAINS RENEWABLE ENERGY INC. 328
News 329
GREENSHIFT CORPORATION 329
News 330
GUSHAN ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY 330
News 330
POET, LLC 331
RENTECH, INC. 331
News 332
SAPPHIRE ENERGY INC. 332
News 333
SOLAZYME, INC 334
News 335
SUSTAINABLE OILS 335
VALERO ENERGY CORP. 336
News 336
VERENIUM BIOFUELS CORPORATION 337
News 338
GEOTHERMAL 338
ALTAROCK ENERGY INC. 338
CHEVRON CORPORATION 339
Chevron Geothermal 339
Future Outlook and News 340
CALPINE CORPORATION 340
News 341
CFE (COMISIÓN FEDERAL DE ELECTRICIDAD) 342
ENEL S.P.A. 343
News 343
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (EDC) 344
News 345
MIGHTY RIVER POWER 345
News 346
ORMAT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 347
News 348
REYKYAVIK ENERGY (ORKUVEITA REYKJAVÍKUR) 348
Current Projects 349
News 349
news(Continued) 349
OCEAN POWER 351
AQUAMARINE POWER 351
AW ENERGY 351
AWS OCEAN ENERGY, LTD. 352
BIPOWER SYSTEMS 352
CETO WAVE ENERGY 352
C-WAVE, LTD. 353
EMBLEY ENERGY, LTD. 353
FINAVERA RENEWABLES 354
INDEPENDENT NATURAL RESOURCES, INC. 354
OCEANLINX, LTD. 355
OCEAN NAVITAS, LTD. 355
OCEAN POWER TECHNOLOGIES 356
OCEAN WAVEMASTER, LTD. 356
ORECON 357
PELAMIS WAVE POWER 357
RENEWABLE ENERGY HOLDINGS 358
SDE 358
SEABASED AB 359
SYNCWAVE SYSTEMS, INC. 359
TRIDENT ENERGY, LTD. 359
WAVEBOB 360
WAVE DRAGON 360
WAVE ENERGY 361
WAVEGEN 362
WAVE STAR ENERGY 362

Chapter-13: APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX 1: SELECTED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MINISTRIES AND DEPARTMENTS 363
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (MEPC) 363
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE 363
National Action Plan on Climate Change (Continued) 364
MEP CHINA 365
MEP OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS 366
KEY AREAS AND MAIN TASKS 367
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS INDIA 368
DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS (DEFRA) U.K. 369
DEFRA’S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 370
SDIG TARGETS 371
BIODIVERSITY 372
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES 373
GOVERNANCE AND DELIVERY 373
THE FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY GERMANY 373
THE FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT … (CONTINUED) 374