2011 Biotechnology Research Review

REPORT SCOPE

FOREWORD

During 2011 we witnessed the segmentation of the biotechnology industry as had long been forseen, drawn farther afield from its initial drug focus into areas such as “cleantech” and chemical manufacturing.

While American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds helped foster drug research and development, we noticed surprising emphasis on low-possibility-of-success (POS) areas such as antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents, contrasting with smaller sums being sent into higher POS fields, such as acute diseases or dermatology. This somewhat swinging-for-the-fences mentality has a rationale in that if successful these products have much lower post launch competition. But if uncoupled to creative thinking at the R&D stage, one wonders what the ultimate ROI will be for taking this risk, and if patent expiration desperation is fueling this trend. Perhaps significantly, the sports world has names and faces of major league pitchers who have gone ahead with stem cell treatments, with the hopes of resurrecting lucrative careers. Mainstream acceptance of the risk involved in immature therapeutics surely paves the way for more clinical trials and regulatory urgency.

Regarding segmentation, we see many patents and venture capital dollars flowing into synthetic biology applications and “plants engineered to replace oil” efforts, such as algae biofuels and synthetic photosynthesis. The term “Biobrick” has come into common usage and will certainly not fade anytime soon.

This Biotechnology Research Review provides a sampling of the type of quantitative market information, analysis and guidance that has been aiding business decision making since BCC was founded in 1971. It includes highlights from the following reports published in 2011:

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technologies and Global Markets
Biobanking: Technologies and Global Markets
Global Biochip Markets: Microarrays and Lab-on-a-Chip
Next-Generation Cancer Diagnostics: Technologies and Global Markets
RNAi Drug Delivery: Technologies and Global Markets
Stem Cell Therapeutics for Oncology: Technologies and Global Markets
Flow Cytometry: Products, Technologies and Global Markets
Sample Preparation in Genomics, Proteomics, and Epigenomics: Global Markets

Global Biological Therapy Industry

Table of Contents

2011 BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH REVIEW XVI
FOREWORD XVI
CHAPTER ONE: SAMPLE PREPARATION IN GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS,
AND EPIGENOMICS: GLOBAL MARKETS (BIO089A) 1
INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 1
SCOPE AND FORMAT 2
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 2
INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 2
RELATED REPORTS 3
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 3
DISCLAIMER 4
SUMMARY 4
TABLE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION
REAGENTS AND PRODUCTS USED IN LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH
BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 5
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION
REAGENTS AND PRODUCTS USED IN LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH
BY SEGMENT, 2009–2016 ($ MILLIONS) 6
OVERVIEW 6
TABLE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR COMMON REAGENTS AND
PRODUCTS IN THE LIFE SCIENCE TOOLS INDUSTRY BY
SEGMENT, THROUGH 2016 ($ BILLIONS) 7
FIGURE 2 GENOME AND GENE ANALYSIS WORKFLOW 8
FIGURE 3 PROTEIN ANALYSIS WORKFLOW 9
MAJOR TRENDS AND DRIVERS IN THE SAMPLE PREP
SEGMENT OF LIFE SCIENCE TOOLS INDUSTRY 9
BIOMARKER RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSTICS INDUSTRY 9
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENTIFIC TRENDS 10
Next-Generation Sequencing 10
Scientific Trends 10
Stem Cell Research 10
Epigenomic Research 11
GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND FUNDING 11
MAIN MARKET PARTICIPANTS IN THE SAMPLE PREP
INDUSTRY 11
MAIN MARKET PARTICIPANTS IN … (CONTINUED) 12
TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF THE SAMPLE PREP
INDUSTRY BY LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH SEGMENT, 2011 (%) 13
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE PREP MARKET 13
TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET SHARES OF THE SAMPLE PREP
INDUSTRY BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2011 (%) 14
TECHNOLOGY PATENTS IN THE SAMPLE PREP INDUSTRY 14
TECHNOLOGY PATENTS IN THE … (CONTINUED) 15
TECHNOLOGY PATENTS IN THE … (CONTINUED) 16
CHAPTER TWO: FLOW CYTOMETRY: PRODUCTS, TECHNOLOGIES
AND GLOBAL MARKETS (BIO085A) 17
INTRODUCTION 17
STUDY BACKGROUND 17
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 17
INTENDED AUDIENCE 18
SCOPE AND FORMAT 18
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION
SOURCES 18
ABOUT THE ANALYST 19
RELATED BCC REPORTS 19
SUMMARY 19
TABLE 5 GLOBAL FLOW CYTOMETRY MARKET BY PRODUCT,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 20
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL FLOW CYTOMETRY MARKET BY PRODUCT,
2008–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 21
MARKET DRIVERS 21
EMERGING MAINSTREAM ROLE IN DRUG DISCOVERY
AND DEVELOPMENT 21
PRODUCT/TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS 22
WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS 22
CONTRACT RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRIAL
ORGANIZATIONS 23
RESTRAINTS 24
HIGH COST OF INSTRUMENTS 24
LACK OF AWARENESS 24
REQUIREMENT OF HIGHLY TRAINED PERSONNEL 24
OPPORTUNITIES 25
MARKET OVERVIEW 25
EVOLUTION OF FLOW CYTOMETRY 26
FLOW CYTOMETRY CAPABILITY ANALYSIS 27
FLOW CYTOMETRY CAPABILITY … (CONTINUED) 28
FLOW CYTOMETRY IMMUNOPHENOTYPING 29
FIGURE 5 FLOW CYTOMETRY IMMUNOPHENOTYPING VERSUS
CONVENTIONAL MICROSCOPY-BASED IMMUNOPHENOTYPING
TECHNIQUES 30
FIGURE 6 DISEASE, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL
OF FCT IMMUNOPHENOTYPING 31
USES OF FLOW CYTOMETRY IN RESOURCE-POOR
REGIONS IS GAINING IMPORTANCE 32
ANALYSES: KEY PLAYERS, COMPETITORS, AND MARKETS 33
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL FLOW CYTOMETRY MARKET BY PRODUCT (%) 34
FIGURE 8 MARKET PLAYER ANALYSIS—STRATEGIES AND
DEVELOPMENTS 35
ANALYSES: KEY PLAYERS, …(CONTINUED) 36
ANALYSES: KEY PLAYERS, …(CONTINUED) 37
EMERGING ECONOMIES AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION 38
STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS 38
PATENT ANALYSIS 39
FIGURE 9 PATENT ANALYSIS BY TYPE OF PRODUCT, 2008–2010
(%) 39
FIGURE 9 (CONTINUED) 40
FIGURE 10 PATENTS BY GEOGRAPHY, 2008–2010 (%) 40
CHAPTER THREE: BIOBANKING TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL
MARKETS (BIO084A) 41
INTRODUCTION 41
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 41
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 41
SCOPE OF REPORT 42
INTENDED AUDIENCE 42
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 43
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 43
RELATED BCC REPORTS 44
SUMMARY 44
TABLE 6 GLOBAL BIOBANKING REVENUES FORECAST BY
SEGMENT, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 45
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL BIOBANKING REVENUES FORECAST BY
SEGMENT, 2009–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 46
OVERVIEW 47
CURRENT STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 48
THE PROCESS OF BIOBANKING 49
HISTORICAL CONTEXT 50
SCIENTIFIC AND COMMERCIAL RELEVANCE OF
BIOBANKS 51
Scientific and commercial … (Continued) 52
TABLE 7 CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF DNA SAMPLES BANKED IN
POPULATION-BASED STUDIES*, 1970–2009 (RECRUITMENT
START DATE) 53
TABLE 8 VALUE OF DNA SAMPLES STORED, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 53
TABLE 9 NIH-SPONSORED CLINICAL TRIALS CONDUCTING GENE
EXPRESSION PROFILING, 2000–2008 (NO) 54
MODERN BIOBANKS—PUBLIC SECTOR 54
POPULATION-BASED BIOBANKS 54
DISEASE-BASED BIOBANKS 54
BIOBANKING COSTS 55
Biobanking costs (Continued) 56
DRIVERS OF BIOBANKS EXPANSION 57
BARRIERS TO BIOBANKS EXPANSION 57
BIOBANKING TRENDS AND FORECAST 58
FORECAST FOR BIOBANK INVOLVEMENT IN FUTURE
BIOMEDICAL DISCOVERIES 59
FORECAST FOR BIOBANK INVOLVEMENT IN
(CONTINUED) 60
FORECAST FOR BIOBANK INVOLVEMENT IN
(CONTINUED) 61
CHAPTER FOUR: NEXT-GENERATION CANCER DIAGNOSTICS:
TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS (BIO081A) 62
INTRODUCTION 62
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 62
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 62
INTENDED AUDIENCE 63
SCOPE OF REPORT 63
METHODOLOGY 64
INFORMATION SOURCES 64
RELATED BCC REPORTS 64
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 65
SUMMARY 65
TABLE 10 GLOBAL VALUE OF NEXT-GENERATION CANCER
DIAGNOSTICS BY ANALYSIS TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 66
FIGURE 12 GLOBAL VALUE OF NEXT-GENERATION CANCER
DIAGNOSTICS BY ANALYSIS TYPE, 2009–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 66
OVERVIEW 67
TABLE 11 SCOPE OF THIS REPORT 68
MARKET POTENTIAL OF NEXT-GENERATION CANCER
DIAGNOSTICS 69
TABLE 12 GLOBAL VALUE OF NEXT-GENERATION CANCER
DIAGNOSTICS BY INDICATION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 69
FORCES DRIVING MARKET GROWTH 70
TABLE 13 FORCES DRIVING CANCER DIAGNOSTICS GROWTH 70
NEXT-GENERATION CANCER DIAGNOSTICS PLATFORMS 71
TABLE 14 GLOBAL VALUE OF NEXT-GENERATION CANCER
DIAGNOSTICS BY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 72
NEXT-GENERATION CANCER DIAGNOSTICS PRODUCT LIFE
CYCLE STATUS 72
TABLE 15 DIAGNOSTIC PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE STATUS 73
NEXT-GENERATION CANCER DIAGNOSTICS INDUSTRY 74
TABLE 16 NEXT-GENERATION CANCER DIAGNOSTICS INDUSTRY 74
NEXT-GENERATION CANCER … (CONTINUED) 75
CHAPTER FIVE: RNAI DRUG DELIVERY: TECHNOLOGIES AND
GLOBAL MARKETS (BIO076A) 76
INTRODUCTION 76
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 76
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 76
SCOPE OF REPORT 77
INTENDED AUDIENCE 77
METHODOLOGY 77
RELATED BCC STUDIES 78
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 78
SUMMARY 78
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 79
TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RNAI DRUG DELIVERY
TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 80
FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RNAI DRUG DELIVERY
TECHNOLOGIES, 2009–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 80
RNAI DRUG DELIVERY 80
RNAI DISCOVERED 80
IMPORTANCE OF DELIVERY FOR RNAI THERAPEUTICS 81
DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES 82
TABLE 18 ROLE OF DRUG DELIVERY 83
NEED FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES 83
RNAI DELIVERY TOOLS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY AND
DEVELOPMENT 84
siRNA Screening 84
shRNA Screening 85
CHALLENGES TO OVERCOME IN DELIVERING RNAI 85
TABLE 19 RNAI DELIVERY APPROACHES 86
DELIVERY TECHNIQUES 87
VECTOR-BASED DELIVERY 87
VECTOR-BASED RNAI FOR IN VIVO RNAI EXPERIMENTS 87
TABLE 20 COMPANIES WITH PLASMID RNAI VECTORS 88
Viral Vectors for Delivery of siRNA 88
TABLE 21 RNAI VIRAL VECTOR DELIVERY METHODS 89
TABLE 22 LENTIVIRAL DELIVERY PRODUCTS AND COMPANIES 89
Nonviral siRNA Delivery 89
Hydrodynamic IV Injection 90
Electroporation 90
Carrier-Mediated Delivery 90
Lipid-Based siRNA Delivery 90
Lipid-Based siRNA Delivery (Continued) 91
Polymer-Based siRNA Delivery 92
Combined Lipid and Polymer Carriers for Better
siRNA Delivery 93
Peptide-Mediated siRNA Delivery 94
Antibody-Mediated siRNA Delivery 95
Dendrimer-Mediated siRNA Delivery 96
Stem-Cell-based Delivery 96
Light Controllable Delivery of siRNA 96
PROPRIETARY DELIVERY PLATFORMS 97
SYSTEMIC DELIVERY STRATEGIES 98
TABLE 23 THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES 99
LOCALIZED DELIVERY 99
TARGETED CELLULAR DELIVERY 100
EXPRESSION-BASED STRATEGIES 101
Expression-Based Strategies (Continued) 102
RNAI DELIVERY AND IMPACT ON THERAPEUTIC
DEVELOPMENTS 103
New Developments 103
New Developments (Continued) 104
Tissue Delivery 105
RNAi as Drugs 106
CURRENT NONBIOLOGICAL DELIVERY VEHICLES FOR
SIRNAS 107
Simple Excipients 107
TABLE 24 SIMPLE EXCIPIENTS FOR RNAI DELIVERY 108
TRANSFECTION TECHNIQUES 108
Electroporation 108
Conjugates 108
TABLE 25 CONJUGATES, PEPTIDES, AND PROTEINS, OTHERS 109
Peptides and Proteins 109
Dynamic Polyconjugate Transfection 109
Polymer Carriers/Nanoparticles 110
TABLE 26 POLYMER CARRIERS/NANOPARTICLES FOR RNAI
DELIVERY 111
Polymer Carriers/Nanoparticles (Continued) 112
Liposomes and Lipoplexes 113
TABLE 27 LIPOSOMES/LIPOPLEXES AND RNAI DELIVERY 113
Case Study-siRNA in Mammalian Cells 114
Gene Silencing (RNAi) in Neuronal Cells 114
CONCERNS ABOUT RNAI DELIVERY 114
KEY COMPANIES AND THEIR DRUG DELIVERY
TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIRNA 115
siRNA Transfection 115
TABLE 28 COMPANIES INVOLVED IN DRUG DELIVERY
TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIRNA 116
Delivery as Particles or Complexes 116
Delivery with Modifications 117
SUMMARY 118
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 119
CHAPTER SIX: STEM CELL THERAPEUTICS FOR ONCOLOGY:
TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS (BIO075A) 120
INTRODUCTION 120
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 120
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 121
INTENDED AUDIENCE 121
SCOPE OF REPORT 122
METHODOLOGY 122
INFORMATION SOURCES 122
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 122
RELATED BCC REPORTS 123
SUMMARY 123
TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET REVENUE FORECAST FOR STEM
CELL THERAPEUTIC REGIMENS IN ONCOLOGY, THROUGH 2015
($ MILLIONS) 124
FIGURE 14 GLOBAL MARKET REVENUE FORECAST FOR STEM
CELL THERAPEUTIC REGIMENS IN ONCOLOGY, 2008–2015 ($
MILLIONS) 124
OVERVIEW 125
HISTORY OF ONCOLOGY 125
HISTORY OF STEM CELLS IN ONCOLOGY 126
BRIEFING HISTORY OF STEM CELLS AS THERAPEUTICS,
AND A FEW KEY ISSUES TO KEEP IN MIND 127
OTHER RELEVANT HISTORY 128
TYPES OF CANCER 129
TABLE 30 TYPES OF CANCER INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT 130
TABLE 31 COMMON TYPES OF LYMPHOMA 131
DEFINITION OF THE INDUSTRY 131
IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 132
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLES 133
TABLE 32 DRUG DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE FOLLOWING
DISCOVERY OF NEW DRUG 134
DEVELOPMENT OF STEM CELLS IN ONCOLOGY 134
TABLE 33 HISTORICAL PIPELINE OF FDA APPROVED
THERAPEUTICS RELATING TO STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS 135
HUMAN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 135
NEW DRUG ACTIVITY 136
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 136
SIGNIFICANT “NEW” CLINICAL DEVELOPMENTS: 2008 TO
THE PRESENT 136
Significant … (Continued) 137
TABLE 34 KEY PHASE III AND IV STEM CELL CLINICAL TRIALS
WITH ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATES BETWEEN 2008 AND
2019 138
WITH AN EYE TOWARD THE FUTURE 139
WITH AN EYE TOWARD THE FUTURE (CONTINUED) 140
CHAPTER SEVEN: GLOBAL BIOCHIP MARKETS: MICROARRAYS AND
LAB-ON-A-CHIP (BIO049D) 141
INTRODUCTION 141
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 141
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 141
INTENDED AUDIENCE 142
SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT 142
METHODOLOGY 143
INFORMATION SOURCES 143
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 143
RELATED BCC REPORTS 144
OVERVIEW 144
TABLE 35 BIOLOGY DOWNSIZING REVOLUTION 145
BIOCHIP TYPES 145
TABLE 36 COMPARISON OF THE TWO MAJOR BIOCHIP TYPES 146
TABLE 37 BIOCHIP NOMENCLATURE 147
SCOPE OF REPORT 148
TABLE 38 SCOPE OF REPORT 148
MARKET POTENTIAL OF BIOCHIPS 149
TABLE 39 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOCHIP PRODUCTS BY
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 149
TABLE 40 GLOBAL VALUE OF DIAGNOSTIC BIOCHIPS BY
FUNCTION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 150
DRIVING FORCES FOR GROWTH IN BIOCHIPS MARKETS 151
TABLE 41 FORCES DRIVING BIOCHIPS GROWTH 151
GROWTH IN LIFE SCIENCE R&D FUNDING 152
TABLE 42 2009–2010 STIMULUS FUNDING ALLOCATED TO US
SCIENCE SPENDING ($ MILLIONS) 152
DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED, PERSONALIZED
MEDICINES 153
COST-CONSCIOUS HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 154
RAPIDLY AGING POPULATION IN DEVELOPED REGIONS 154
NEED FOR MORE INNOVATIVE DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
FORMATS 155
ONGOING DISCOVERIES IN GENOMICS AND
PROTEOMICS 155
DISCOVERY OF GENE AND SNP DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS 155
THE BIOCHIP INDUSTRY 156
TABLE 43 COMPARISON OF BIOCHIPS INDUSTRIES 156
SUMMARY 157
TABLE 44 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOCHIP PRODUCTS BY END USE,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 157
FIGURE 15 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOCHIP PRODUCTS BY END USE,
2010–2016 ($ MILLIONS) 158
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 159
CHAPTER EIGHT: POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS (BIO087A) 160
INTRODUCTION 160
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 160
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 160
INTENDED AUDIENCE 160
SCOPE AND FORMAT 161
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 161
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 162
RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 162
SUMMARY 162
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 163
TABLE 45 GLOBAL PCR TECHNOLOGIES MARKET BY SEGMENT,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 164
FIGURE 16 GLOBAL PCR TECHNOLOGIES MARKET BY SEGMENT,
2008–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 164
MARKET DRIVERS 164
RAPID PROGRESS IN PROTEOMICS AND GENOMICS 165
AVAILABILITY OF FUNDING INCREASES TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION 165
RAPID GROWTH IN MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC INDUSTRY 166
PRODUCT INNOVATIONS INCREASE TECHNOLOGY
ADOPTION AND APPLICATION AREAS 167
WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS 168
MARKET RESTRAINTS 168
LACK OF AWARENESS 168
REQUIREMENT OF SKILLED LABOR 169
HIGH COST OF REAL-TIME PCR INSTRUMENTS 169
DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES 169
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 169
TABLE 46 GLOBAL PCR TECHNOLOGIES MARKET BY
GEOGRAPHIC REGION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 170
MARKET OVERVIEW 171
EVOLUTION OF PCR TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE
HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY 171
FIGURE 17 IMPACT OF PCR TECHNOLOGY ON THE HEALTHCARE
ENVIRONMENT 172
TRADITIONAL PCR VERSUS REAL-TIME PCR 173
TABLE 47 TRADITIONAL PCR VERSUS REAL-TIME PCR 173
KEY APPLICATION AREAS 174
FIGURE 18 KEY APPLICATIONS OF PCR TECHNOLOGY 174
PCR QUANTITATION METHODS 175
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT AND PCR 176
HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT AND PCR 177
TAQMAN PROBES AND MOLECULAR BEACONS: POTENTIAL
ALTERNATIVES TO DYES USED IN REAL-TIME PCR 178
ALTERNATIVES TO PCR-BASED ANALYTICAL METHODS 179
FIGURE 19 DISADVANTAGES OF PCR VS THE ADVANTAGES OF
ALTERNATIVES 179
LOOP MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION 180
REACTION DISPLACEMENT CHIMERIC 181
NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE-BASED AMPLIFICATION 181
TRANSCRIPTION-MEDIATED AMPLIFICATION 181
KEY APPLICATION AREAS 182
FIGURE 20 KEY APPLICATIONS OF PCR 182
PCR AND PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE 183
PCR AND PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE (CONTINUED) 184
EMERGING ECONOMIES AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION 185
FUTURE OF PCR 185
MARKET TRENDS/KEY INSIGHTS 186
KEY RECOMMENDATIONS/MARKET STRATEGIES 186
PATENT ANALYSIS 187
FIGURE 21 PATENT ANALYSIS BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2008–
2010 (%) 188
FIGURE 22 PATENT ANALYSIS BY TYPE OF PRODUCT, 2008–2010
(%) 189