Keywords : electric vehicle, battery, electrical vehicle, EV, pollution
This is the first and only report to analyse all forms of electric flying vehicle from robot insects to new solar airships, light aircraft and airliners and give timelines to 2022. It covers manned and unmanned aircraft, technology, funding, standards and other aspects for hybrid and pure electric versions across the world. Unusually, we compare what is happening in aviation with progress in land and water based electric vehicles that are in some...
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This is the first and only report to analyse all forms of electric flying vehicle from robot insects to new solar airships, light aircraft and airliners and give timelines to 2022. It covers manned and unmanned aircraft, technology, funding, standards and other aspects for hybrid and pure electric versions across the world. Unusually, we compare what is happening in aviation with progress in land and water based electric vehicles that are in some ways further progressed yet use similar components and powertrains to achieve largely similar objectives.
Aircraft design will never be the same again after the pressure to save the planet, reduce local noise, air and land pollution, reduce dependency on foreign oil and large areas of land for operations and to modernise industry or see it collapse. Belatedly, leaded fuel is being banned for aviation and considerable financial support is now available for the creation of new types of electric aircraft.
In this report we look at the considerable choices of component, system and structure for pure and hybrid electric aircraft, the huge number of projects and the few commercial successes. We examine what will happen over the next ten years. Unusually, we view all this in the light of what is being achieved in electric vehicles for land and water. What is the best selling electric aeroplane and what is the biggest development contract landed for electric aircraft? Why are microturbine range extenders so interesting and will there be a big retrofit market for electric drives in light aircraft? Where are fuel cells for aircraft headed and which types of traction battery are favoured and why? How do smart skin and multiple energy harvesting fit in? Which are the organisations to watch? It is all here.
This report is essential reading for chief executives, sales and marketing and business planning vice presidents and those in government, finical institution, consultants etc to understand electric aircraft and where they are headed. It has no equations, and covers the basics of battery, motor, supercapacitor, supercabattery, flexible solar cell, fuel cell and other components, so the non technical reader can learn a great deal. However, it progresses to compare such things as hybrid powertrain options for aircraft, preferred batteries to power aircraft, battery cathode, anode and cell geometry, flexible printed photovoltaics chemistries for aviation and who is winning in electric aircraft and why - flight trials, development contracts, launch dates. The trend toward bigger batteries and various types of range extender is explained and the options appraised.
With the next generation of electric aircraft being designed from the ground up rather than shoehorned into existing airframes, we explain what will be possible with printed electronics including new components such as flexible, lightweight solar cells and new airframes and missions. Flying motorcycles, planes that dive to become submarines, huge solar powered radar airships through to retrofitting a Cessna are considered, with funding from a few thousand dollars to 530 million dollars on one project. Throughout, we benchmark best practice with land and water EVs, price premium and pay back elements with many comparison charts and figures.
Free Electric Vehicle Encyclopedia when you purchase this report
Electric Vehicle experts IDTechEx have encapsulated over ten years of research and analysis into an easy to digest electric vehicle encyclopedia. All the technologies are covered and supported with over 100 tables and illustrations and over 200 acronyms and terms are explained. This encyclopedia, worth $1,500, is given as a free PDF download when you buy this report.
Clean Vehicle Industry in North America
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Introduction to electric aircraft
1.2. Range extenders
1.3. Energy harvesting
1.4. Traction batteries
1.5. Fuel cells
1.6. Comparisons
1.7. Supercapacitors
1.8. Traction motors
1.9. Electric Helicopters and Record Breaking Cars Enabled
1.10. Need for more benchmarking
1.11. Market projections 2011-2023
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Definitions and scope
2.2. Needs
2.3. Encouragement
2.4. Impediments
2.4.1. VESPAS Europe
2.5. Benchmarking best practice with land and seagoing EVs
2.6. Standards and rules
2.7. Airport EVs show the way
3. TECHNOLOGIES
3.1. Powertrains
3.1.1. Pure electric vs hybrid
3.1.2. Convergence
3.1.3. Options
3.1.4. Range extenders
3.1.5. Hybrid UAVs
3.1.6. Airliner superconducting motor with range extender
3.2. Motors
3.3. Batteries
3.3.1. Battery history
3.3.2. Analogy to a container of liquid
3.3.3. Construction of a battery
3.3.4. Many shapes of battery
3.3.5. Trend to laminar and conformal traction batteries
3.3.6. Aurora laminar batteries in aircraft.
3.3.7. Choices of chemistry and assembly
3.3.8. Lithium winners today and soon
3.3.9. Lithium polymer electrolyte now important
3.3.10. Winning chemistry
3.3.11. Winning lithium traction battery manufacturers
3.3.12. Making lithium batteries safe
3.3.13. GE Aviation Electrical Power Integrated Systems Research & Development Center
3.3.14. A123 Systems goes niche
3.4. Fuel cells
3.4.1. Slow progress with fuel cells
3.4.2. Aerospace and aviation applications
3.4.3. AeroVironment USA
3.4.4. Boeing Europe
3.4.5. Boeing and Airbus USA, Europe
3.4.6. ENFICA Italy and UK
3.4.7. Pipistrel Slovenia
3.4.8. Skyspark Italy
3.4.9. University of Stuttgart Germany
3.5. Supercapacitors, supercabatteries
3.5.1. What is a capacitor?
3.5.2. Supercabattery
3.6. Energy harvesting
3.6.1. Multiple forms of energy to be managed
3.6.2. Photovoltaics
3.6.3. AeroVironment/ NASA USA
3.6.4. Boeing and Versa USA, Qinetiq & Newcastle University UK
3.6.5. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland
3.6.6. ETH Zurich Switzerland
3.6.7. Green Pioneer China
3.6.8. Gossamer Penguin USA
3.6.9. Néphélios France
3.6.10. QinetiQ UK
3.6.11. Silent Falcon™ UAS Technologies
3.6.12. Soaring China
3.6.13. Solair Germany
3.6.14. Solar Flight USA
3.6.15. Sunseeker USA
3.6.16. University of Applied Sciences Schwäbisch Gmünd Germany
3.6.17. US Air Force
3.6.18. Northrop Grumman USA
3.7. Other energy harvesting
3.8. Regenerative soaring
3.9. Biomimetic aircraft snatch and export power?
3.9.1. IFO-Energy Unlimited in Hungary
3.9.2. Copy the birds
3.9.3. How to capture the wind?
3.9.4. Valid physics
3.9.5. How to maintain altitude?
3.9.6. Storage of energy is more challenging
3.9.7. Onboard superconducting technology?
3.9.8. Flywheels and EV technologies?
3.9.9. Soaring airliners?
3.10. Power beaming
3.11. Hybrid powertrains in action
3.11.1. Multifuel and monoblock engines
3.11.2. Beyond Aviation: formerly Bye Energy USA, France
3.11.3. Lotus UK
3.11.4. Microturbines - Bladon Jets, Capstone, ETV Motors, Atria
3.12. Hybrid aircraft projects
3.12.1. Delta Airlines USA
3.12.2. DLR Germany
3.12.3. EADS Germany
3.12.4. Flight Design Germany
3.12.5. GSE USA
3.12.6. Ricardo UK
3.12.7. Turtle Airships Spain
3.12.8. University of Bristol UK
3.12.9. University of Colorado USA
3.13. Rethinking the structural design
4. SMALL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AND OTHER EXOTICA
4.1. SUAV
4.1.1. Aurora Skate UAV wins border protection award
4.1.2. Aerovironment small AUVs
4.1.3. Rotomotion
4.1.4. Robot insects
4.1.5. Reconnaissance bugs and bats
4.1.6. Nano air vehicle
4.1.7. Lite Machines Corporation USA
4.1.8. University of Arizona
4.2. Large electrical UAVs
4.3. Phantom Works USA plane-car
4.4. Flying motorcycle Samson Motorworks
4.5. Japanese solar sail to Venus
5. MANNED ELECTRIC HELICOPTERS/VTOL
5.1. Pascal Chretien/ SYNPER 3/ Solution F
5.2. e-volo Volocopter Germany
5.3. Sikorsky USA
5.4. Hybrid helicopters
6. ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT IN ACTION
6.1. AeroVironment/ CybAero
6.2. Airliner electric nose wheel for taxiing
6.2.1. APU powered electric nose wheel
6.2.2. Fuel cell powered electric nose wheel
6.3. Alatus Ukraine
6.4. Alisport Silent Club Italy
6.5. APAME France
6.6. Cessna USA
6.7. Diamond Aircraft, Siemens, EADS
6.8. EADS Germany, France
6.9. Electravia France
6.10. Electric Aircraft Corporation USA
6.11. Eurocopter helicopter default EV Europe
6.12. Falx USA
6.13. Flight of the Century
6.14. Flightstar USA
6.15. Lange Aviation Germany
6.16. Pipistrel Slovenia
6.17. Potential for electric airliners
6.18. Renault France
6.19. Russian Government
6.20. SkySpark
6.21. Sonex USA
6.22. Sunrise USA
6.23. Tokyo University Japan
6.24. Windward Performance USA
6.25. University of Cambridge UK
6.26. Yuneec International China
7. FIFTEEN YEAR TIMELINE AND MARKET NUMBERS
7.1. Forecast sales 2011-2023
7.2. Energy efficient aircraft - the next 15 years
7.3. Swarming, self-healing networks of UAVs
7.3.1. Swarming 3D eye-bots in Germany
APPENDIX 1: PAVING THE WAY TO HYBRID HELICOPTERS
APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
