Keywords : high voltage, power grid, power generation, geothermal power, power plant
HVDC and HVAC Submarine Power Cables: Supply Constraints, Demand Drivers, Technology Issues, Prominent Projects, Key Industry Players, and Global Market Forecasts The market for high-voltage submarine cables is a small and highly specialized industry that will experience strong growth over the next several years. Demand for submarine cables is growing steadily as national governments and regional organizations pledge their efforts t...
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HVDC and HVAC Submarine Power Cables: Supply Constraints, Demand Drivers, Technology Issues, Prominent Projects, Key Industry Players, and Global Market Forecasts
The market for high-voltage submarine cables is a small and highly specialized industry that will experience strong growth over the next several years. Demand for submarine cables is growing steadily as national governments and regional organizations pledge their efforts to expanding offshore renewable power generation, linking remote land masses, and interconnecting their national grids. These projects often involve subsea connections or power generation that is found in offshore wind farms. As cable technology advances, more projects are proposed that require longer, deeper, and higher-capacity cables.
Even the most conservative growth models show that the industry will expand rapidly, but Pike Research’s analysis finds that the supply chain will not be capable of meeting the full demand in this growing market. While there are very few companies that are capable of performing each step in the installation process, from surveying to final installation, the tightest bottleneck in this already constrained supply chain is the cable manufacturers. Only a handful of companies are capable of building the complex cables that are required by this market. In order to meet the demands of proposed projects, cable manufacturers will need to increase their production significantly. While some projects will likely encounter delays due to the limited supply chain, additional market players and increased capacity by existing suppliers will help the industry begin to catch up to this ever-growing demand.
This Pike Research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the worldwide market opportunity for submarine HVDC and HVAC power cable projects, including an assessment of demand drivers and supply chain dynamics, both currently and in the years ahead. The study features in-depth profiles of more than 25 key industry players and case studies of more than 30 notable high-voltage submarine cable projects. Market forecasts are provided for submarine cable projects through 2021, segmented by world region and including three different growth scenarios.
Key Questions Addressed:
-What are the most common uses for high-voltage submarine power cables?
-Does the current supply chain for submarine power cables have the capacity to meet the demand for future projects?
-Which geographic regions will experience the greatest demand for submarine power cables and what types of projects will they undertake?
-Which geographic areas have the highest capability to supply submarine power cables?
-What drives the demand for submarine power cable projects?
-What types of submarine cable technology will be the most prevalent in future projects?
-At what rate will the submarine power cable industry grow?
-Who are the key players in the submarine power cable market?
-What proposed projects will challenge the demand for submarine power cables?
-How many high-voltage submarine cables will be installed between 2012 and 2020?
-What are the notable upcoming projects in the submarine cable market?
Who needs this report?
-Suppliers of submarine power cables
-Suppliers of power cable components
-Submarine power cable installers
-Utility companies considering the use of submarine power cables to expand their existing electrical grids
-Transmission system operators (TSOs)
-Wind farm operators
-Offshore industries interested in linking their operations to the onshore grid
-Renewable energy operators
-Energy grid operators
-Investor community
Global Electric Power Energy Industry
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
1.1 High-Voltage Submarine Cable Market
1.2 The Technology of a Submarine Cable
1.3 Summary
2. Market Issues
2.1 Supply Overview
2.1.1 Construction and Deployment Supply Chain
2.1.1.1 Survey and Design
2.1.1.2 Cable Manufacture and Supply
2.1.1.2.1. Raw Materials
2.1.1.2.2. Cable Manufacturers
2.1.1.3 Submarine Cable-Laying Ships
2.1.1.4 Termination Equipment
2.1.2 Regional Supply Overview
2.1.2.1 North America
2.1.2.2 Europe
2.1.2.3 Asia Pacific
2.1.2.4 Rest of World
2.1.3 Cost of Building a Cable
2.1.3.1 Cost of Cables for Wind Farms
2.1.3.2 Cost of Cables for Interconnectors
2.2 Global Demand Drivers of High-Voltage Submarine Power Cables
2.2.1 Connecting Islands to Nearby National Power Grids
2.2.2 Connecting National Grids
2.2.2.1 Geothermal Power Generation in Iceland, the Philippines, and Nevis
2.2.2.2 European Union Supergrid
2.2.2.3 Bi-Directional HVDC Cables
2.2.3 Connecting Wind Farms and Offshore Power Generation
2.2.4 Other Uses of High-Voltage Submarine Power Cables
2.2.4.1 Power Supply to Offshore Facilities
2.2.4.2 Umbilical Cables
2.2.4.3 Under Lake and In-River Cables
2.2.5 Demand Drivers by Specific Markets
2.2.5.1 North America
2.2.5.2 Europe
2.2.5.3 Asia Pacific
2.2.5.4 Rest of World
2.2.6 Summary of Demand Drivers and Challenges
2.3 Subsea Power Cable Regulations and Policies
2.3.1 High Seas Regulation
2.3.2 National and Regional Organizations
2.3.2.1 U.S. Regulations
2.3.2.2 EU Regulations
2.3.2.3 Cable Protection Committees
2.3.3 Cable Risk Management
2.3.4 The Future of Regulations Regarding Submarine Power Transmission
3. Technology Issues
3.1 High-Voltage Submarine Technology Overview
3.1.1 Development of Transmission Technology
3.1.1.1 HVDC Technology and Advantages
3.1.1.2 HVDC Light and Plus Technology and Advantages
3.1.1.3 HVAC Technology and Advantages
3.1.1.4 HVAC Versus HVDC Cables
3.1.2 Technology Development and Progress of AC/DC Rectifiers
3.1.2.1 Mercury Arc Valves
3.1.2.2 Thyristor Converters
3.1.3 Types of Submarine Cable Used
3.1.3.1 Mass-Impregnated Cables
3.1.3.2 Self-Contained Fluid-Filled Cables
3.1.3.3 Extruded Insulation Cables
3.1.4 Installation of Cables and Connection to Main Power Grids
3.1.4.1 Equipment and Technologies Used to Install Cables
3.1.4.2 Cable Landing and Connection to Power Grid
3.2 Challenges and Developments on the Horizon
3.2.1 Prevalence of Certain Technologies in Current Projects
3.2.2 Future Developments in Submarine Electric Cable Technology
4. Key Industry Players
4.1 Cable and Equipment Manufacturers
4.1.1 ABB
4.1.2 Borealis
4.1.3 J-Power Systems
4.1.4 JDR Cables
4.1.5 LS Cable & System
4.1.6 Nexans
4.1.7 nkt Cables
4.1.8 NSW
4.1.9 Prysmian
4.1.10 Siemens
4.1.11 Viscas
4.1.12 ZTT
4.2 Cable Installation
4.2.1 Global Marine Systems
4.2.2 Hong Kong Marine Contractors
4.2.3 S.B. Submarine Systems Co. Ltd.
4.2.4 Siem Offshore Contractors
4.3 Power and Utility Companies
4.3.1 China Southern Power Grid
4.3.2 CLP Group
4.3.3 DONG Energy
4.3.4 Energinet.dk
4.3.5 Korea Electric Power Corporation
4.3.6 Red Eléctrica de España
4.3.7 RWE
4.3.8 Statnett
4.3.9 TenneT
4.3.10 Terna
4.3.11 Vattenfall
4.4 Notable High-Voltage Submarine Cable Projects
4.4.1 Anholt Offshore Wind Farm
4.4.2 Atlantic Array
4.4.3 Atlantic Wind Connection
4.4.4 Basslink Interconnector
4.4.5 BorWin 1
4.4.6 BritNed
4.4.7 Caribbean Interconnect Project
4.4.8 Champlain Hudson Power Express
4.4.9 COBRAcable
4.4.10 Desertec
4.4.11 Doha Bay, Qatar
4.4.12 Fenno-Skan 2
4.4.13 Fundy Tidal Project
4.4.14 Green Pacific Highway
4.4.15 Gwynt y Môr
4.4.16 Horns Rev 2
4.4.17 Interisland Wind & Cable, Hawaii
4.4.18 Kriegers Flak
4.4.19 London Array Wind Farm
4.4.20 MedGrid
4.4.21 NordBalt
4.4.22 NorNed
4.4.23 Rómulo (Conexion Mediterranea Transporte Alta – COMETA)
4.4.24 Samsø Offshore Wind Farm (Paludans Flak Offshore Wind Farm)
4.4.25 SAPEI
4.4.26 Skagerrak 4
4.4.27 Troll A Offshore
4.4.28 TuNur
4.4.29 U.K.-Iceland
4.4.30 Wave Hub
4.4.31 Western HVDC Link
5. Market Forecasts
5.1 Supply Market Forecast Summary
5.1.1 North American Supply Forecast
5.1.2 European Supply Forecast
5.1.3 Asia Pacific Supply Forecast
5.1.4 Rest of World Supply Forecast
5.2 Demand Market Forecast Summary
5.2.1 North American Demand Forecast
5.2.1.1 The Future of the North American Market
5.2.2 European Demand Forecast
5.2.2.1 The Future of the European Market
5.2.3 Asia Pacific Demand Forecast
5.2.3.1 The Future of the Asia Pacific Market
5.2.4 Rest of World Demand Forecast
5.3 Challenges for the Future of High-Voltage Submarine Cables
5.3.1 Supply and Demand Market Challenges
5.3.2 Technology and Policy Challenges
6. Company Directory
7. Acronym and Abbreviation List
8. Table of Contents
9. Table of Charts and Figures
10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes
List of Charts and Figures
Submarine Cable Deployments by Growth Scenario, World Markets: 2000-2020
Deployment of HVDC vs. HVAC Cables, World Markets: 2000-2020
High-Voltage Submarine Cables Deployed, North America: 2000-2012
High-Voltage Submarine Cables Deployed, Europe: 2000-2012
High-Voltage Submarine Cables Deployed, Asia Pacific: 2000-2012
Construction and Deployment Cost of High-Voltage Submarine Cable: 2000-2015
High-Voltage Submarine Cable Deployments by Project Type, Europe: 2000-2012
High-Voltage Submarine Cables Deployed in World Markets by 2012
Deployment of HVDC vs. HVAC Cables, World Markets: 2000-2020
Cables Deployed by Project Type and Technology, World Markets: 2000-2020
High-Voltage Submarine Cable Deployments, World Markets: 2000-2015
High-Voltage Submarine Cable Demand Growth, World Markets: 2000-2015
High-Voltage Submarine Cable Deployments, North America: 2000-2015
Submarine Cable Deployments by Growth Scenario, North America: 2000-2020
High-Voltage Submarine Cable Deployments, Europe: 2000-2015
Submarine Cable Deployments by Growth Scenario, Europe: 2000-2020
High-Voltage Submarine Cable Deployments, Asia Pacific: 2000-2015
Submarine Cable Deployments by Growth Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2000-2020
Medium Growth Scenario for Submarine Cable Deployments by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
Diagram of HVDC Cable System
Cable-Laying Ship, Nexans’ Skagerrak
Shoreham, New York, HVDC Light Converter Station
Nevis Geothermal Power Plant
Proposed Submarine Cable Implementation and EU Supergrid
Wind Turbine Cable Installation Schematic, Horns Rev 2
Wind Turbines Installed in the North Sea
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm and Oil Platform
Umbilical Cables Connecting to Transmission Station, Horns Rev 2 Wind Farm
Ocean Jurisdictions by Distance from Shore
Diagram of HVDC Light Converter Station
Comparison of HVAC and HVDC Cables by Cable Material
Mercury Arc Rectifiers
Thyristor Rectifiers
Cross-Section of XLPE Submarine Power Cable
Cable-Laying Barge ATM Discoverer at Rhyl Flats Wind Farm
Prysmian’s Giulio Verne Cable-Laying Ship
Submarine Power Cable Tow-plough
Cable Jetting SmartJet Hydraulic Plough ROV
Cable Landing and Burial Operations, SAPEI Cable
Nexans’ Skagerrak Transports Cable from the Halden, Norway Plant
Picture of Cable-Laying Barge – NSW’s NOSTAG 10
Picture of Cable-Laying Ship – Global Marine Systems’ C.S. Sovereign
SBSS’ Fu Xing Cable-Laying Barge
Map of Anholt Wind Farm
Map of Atlantic Array Wind Farm
Map of Atlantic Wind Connection
Map of Basslink Interconnector
Map of BritNed
Map of Caribbean Interconnect
Map of Champlain Hudson Power Express
Map of COBRAcable
Map of Desertec
Map of Fenno-Skan 2
Map of Fundy Tidal Project
Map of Gwynt y Môr
Map of Horns Rev 2
Map of Interisland Wind & Cable
Map of Kriegers Flak
Map of London Array
Map of MedGrid
Map of NordBalt
Picture of Samsø Wind Farm
Map of SAPEI
Map of Skagerrak 4
Picture of Troll A Offshore Platform
Map of TuNur
Map of U.K.-Iceland
Map of Wave Hub
Diagram of Wave Hub Facilities
Map of Western HVDC Link
List of Tables
High-Voltage Submarine Cables Deployed, North America: 2000-2012
High-Voltage Submarine Cables Deployed, Europe: 2000-2012
High-Voltage Submarine Cables Deployed, Asia Pacific: 2000-2012
Construction and Deployment Cost of High-Voltage Submarine Cable: 2000-2015
Deployed and Active High-Voltage Submarine Cables, North America: 1977-2007
High-Voltage Submarine Cable Deployments by Project Type, Europe: 2000-2012
Deployed and Active High-Voltage Submarine Cables, Europe: 1954-2012
Deployed and Active High-Voltage Submarine Cables, Asia Pacific: 1965-2012
Submarine Transmission Technology by Project Status and Region: 2000-2020
High-Voltage Submarine Cables Deployed Worldwide by 2012
Cables Deployed by Project Type and Technology, World Markets: 2000-2020
Percentage of Cables Deployed by Project Status and Technology, World Markets: 2000-2020
Cable Deployment CAGR by Growth Scenario and Region: 2000-2020
Submarine Cable Deployments by Growth Scenario and Region, World Markets: 2000-2020
Proposed High-Voltage Submarine Cables by Project Type, North America: 2013-2021+
Proposed High-Voltage Submarine Cables by Project Type, Europe: 2013-2021+
Proposed High-Voltage Submarine Cables by Project Type, Asia Pacific: 2013-2021+
