Keywords : gas motorcycle, Motorcycle, scooter, moped, motorbike part, motorbike, sale of motorcycle, Underbone, Harley-Davidson
INTRODUCTION This study analyzes demand for motorcycles in China. Motorcycles covered include gas-powered -- or internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles -- and electric-powered types. Gas motorcycles are segmented by engine displacement: light motorcycles (50 cc or less), medium motorcycles (above 50 cc and less than 250 cc), and heavy motorcycles (250 cc and above). The ICE motorcycle market is also segmented by motorcycle ty...
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INTRODUCTION
This study analyzes demand for motorcycles in China. Motorcycles covered include gas-powered -- or internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles -- and electric-powered types. Gas motorcycles are segmented by engine displacement: light motorcycles (50 cc or less), medium motorcycles (above 50 cc and less than 250 cc), and heavy motorcycles (250 cc and above). The ICE motorcycle market is also segmented by motorcycle type (i.e., cruisers, scooters, and underbones). Electric motorcycles are segmented by type -- mopeds, electric bicycles, and scooters and other types -- and by battery chemistry -- lead-acid, lithium, and nickel-metal hydride. Historical data are provided for 2001, 2006, and 2011, with forecasts to 2016 and 2021. Aside from examining the Chinese motorcycle market by product type, this study also presents data for sales of motorcycles in China by market (transportation, recreation and sport, and other) and by region (e.g., Central-North, Central-East, and Southwest). The term “sales” -- used interchangeably with “market,” “demand,” and “consumption” -- is defined as all shipments from Chinese plants, plus imports minus exports. The renminbi (or RMB) is the official currency of the People’s Republic of China, and the base unit of the renminbi is the yuan. The term “yuan” is used throughout this report when referring to currency amounts. “Gas motorcycles” and “ICE motorcycles” are used interchangeably.
All of the national market statistics presented exclude motorcycle demand in Hong Kong and Macau, even though these special administrative regions formally became part of the People’s Republic of China during the late 1990s -- Hong Kong in 1997 and Macau in 1999. Taiwan, which is economically independent from the rest of China and not under the administration of the central government, is excluded from the scope of this study as well.
In addition, major suppliers of motorcycles are identified and profiled, and the key competitive variables for this industry are discussed. The entire report is framed within the Chinese motorcycle industry’s economic and market environments. Motorcycle revenues by company data presented in the “Industry Structure” section are estimates based on consultation with multiple sources. Market share is calculated based on sales of motorcycles produced in company manufacturing facilities; joint venture sales are allotted according to each company’s share in the venture. Tabular details may not add to totals due to independent rounding, and calculated ratios may reflect unrounded numbers. Macroeconomic and demographic indicators in this study were obtained from The Freedonia Group Consensus Forecasts dated June 2012.
Information and data on the motorcycle industry were obtained from a variety of primary and secondary sources, including government and trade associations, industry participants, online databases, and other Freedonia studies. Secondary data sources include Chinese government statistical agencies (principally the National Bureau of Statistics of China), the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, the China Bicycle Association, the International Monetary Fund, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Public Security, the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, the State Administration of Taxation, the United Nations, the US State Department, the World Bank, industry experts, financial sources, and motorcycle companies.
Primary and secondary data were also obtained from various trade publications, including Automotive Engineering International, Automotive Industries, Automotive News, China Auto & Motorbike Parts, China Automotive Industry Yearbook, China Automotive Review, China Bicycle, China Motorcycle Industry Yearbook, and Motorcycle News. Corporate annual reports, SEC Form 10-K filings, product literature, and other company information were also used in framing the industry and market environments and as input for market size assessments.
Statistics from various sources were carefully examined during the preparation of this study, and contradictions and discrepancies among data sources were noted. The accuracy and reliability of figures from each source were evaluated, and adjustments were made where deemed necessary. This was done in order to arrive at a consistent set of industry statistics, which are based on the best available information at the time this study was published. As a result, the data presented here may differ, sometimes substantially, from figures issued by official governmental sources.
Motorcycle Industry in China
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ix
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
II. MARKET ENVIRONMENT 4
General 4
Economic Overview 6
Recent Economic Performance 6
Economic Outlook 8
Demographic Overview 12
Population 13
Urbanization 15
Households 16
Currency Exchange Rates 18
Consumer Income & Expenditure Trends 21
Light Vehicle Market Trends 23
Light Vehicle Supply & Demand 25
Light Vehicle Park 27
Low-Speed Vehicle Market Trends 28
Low-Speed Vehicle Overview 29
Low-Speed Vehicle Supply & Demand 31
Bicycle Supply & Demand 33
Public Vehicle Transportation Systems 34
Policy & Regulatory Factors 36
Industrial Policy 36
The Five-Year Plan 37
Other Industrial Policy 38
Motorcycle Emissions Standards 41
Gas Motorcycle Bans 43
Regulations for Electric Motorcycles 45
Motorcycle Safety 47
Counterfeiting 48
III. OVERVIEW 50
Supply & Demand 50
Motorcycle Park 52
Markets 53
Transportation 55
Recreation & Sport 59
Other 63
Pricing Trends 66
Gas Motorcycles 67
Electric Motorcycles 69
Technology Trends 70
The Shift from 2-Stroke to 4-Stroke Engines 72
Electric & Hybrid Engines 74
International Context 76
Foreign Trade 77
Gas Motorcycles 78
Electric Motorcycles 81
World Outlook for Motorcycles 82
IV. GAS MOTORCYCLES 85
General 85
Gas Motorcycle Models 88
Cruisers 90
Scooters 90
Underbones & Other 91
Gas Motorcycle Engine Displacements 92
Light Motorcycles 94
Medium Motorcycles 96
Heavy Motorcycles 99
V. ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES 103
General 103
Electric Motorcycle Models 105
Mopeds 108
Electric Bicycles 112
Scooters & Other 116
Electric Motorcycle Battery Type 120
Lead-Acid Batteries 122
Lithium Batteries 123
Nickel-Metal Hydride 124
VI. REGIONAL TRENDS 125
General 125
Regional Demographic & Economic Trends 127
Population Patterns 128
Economic Outlook 130
Regional Demand for Motorcycles 131
Central-North 134
Overview 134
Motorcycle Demand 136
Northeast 139
Overview 139
Motorcycle Demand 141
Central-East 144
Overview 144
Motorcycle Demand 145
Central-South 148
Overview 148
Motorcycle Demand 149
Southwest 151
Overview 151
Motorcycle Demand 153
Northwest 156
Overview 156
Motorcycle Demand 157
VII. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 160
General 160
Industry Composition 163
Market Share 166
Gas Motorcycles 167
Electric Motorcycles 170
Product Development & Manufacturing 173
Marketing & Distribution 176
Financial Issues & Requirements 178
Cooperative Agreements 180
Foreign Participation in the Chinese Market 184
Legal & Regulatory Issues 185
Joint Ventures 187
Wholly Owned Foreign Enterprises (WOFEs) 189
Representative Offices 190
Company Profiles 191
China Chongqing Shineray Motorcycle Company Limited 192
China Jialing Industrial Company Limited 193
Chongqing Jianshe Motorcycle Company Limited 194
Chongqing Lifan Industry Group Company Limited 196
Chongqing Loncin Industry Group Company Limited 197
Chongqing Yingang Science & Technology Group Company Limited 198
Chongqing Yinxiang Motorcycle Group Company Limited 199
Dachangjiang Group Company Limited 201
Dayun Group Company Limited 202
Foton Lovol International Heavy Industries Company Limited 204
Giant Manufacturing Company Limited 205
Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group Company Limited 206
Guangzhou Benma Industrial Company Limited 208
Guangzhou Dayang Motorcycle, see Dayun Group Guangzhou Panyu Huanan Motors Group Company Limited 209
Guangzhou Tianma Group Tianma Motorcycle Company Limited 210
Harley-Davidson Incorporated 211
Henan Xinzhongji Jiaotong Science & Technology Company Limited 213
Honda Motor Company Limited 214
Jiangsu Xinri Electric Bicycle Company Limited 217
Jiangsu Yadea Technical Development Company Limited 218
Jiangxi Hongdu Voyage Industry Group Changzhou Hongdu E-bicycle Company Limited 219
Jinan Qingqi Motorcycle Company Limited 220
Jincheng Corporation 221
Kawai Motor Industry Guangzhou, see Luoyang Northern Enterprises Group Luoyang Northern Enterprises Group Company Limited 223
Qingdao Aucma Company Limited 225
Qunsheng Group Company Limited 226
Shandong Bidewen Power Technology Company Limited 227
Shandong Incalcu Group Company Limited 228
Shandong Wuzheng Group Company Limited 229
Shenzhen China Bicycle Company Holdings Limited 230
Suzhou Heping Industrial Company Limited 231
Suzuki Motor Corporation 232
Tianjin Aima Science and Technology Company Limited 234
Tianjin Fujida Group Company Limited 235
Wuyang-Honda Motors Guangzhou, see Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group and Honda Motor Yamaha Motor Company Limited 236
Zhejiang Dishu Electric Vehicle Technology Company Limited 239
Zhejiang Luyuan Electric Vehicle Company Limited 240
Zhejiang Qianjiang Motorcycle Company Limited 241
Zhejiang Qianxi Vehicle, see Qunsheng Group Zhonglu Company Limited 242
Zongshen Industrial Group Company Limited 243
LIST OF TABLES
SECTION I -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Summary Table 3
SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT
1 Gross Domestic Product of China 12
2 Population of China 14
3 Households in China by Region 17
4 Chinese Currency Exchange Rates, 2001-2011 20
5 Personal Income & Expenditures in China 23
6 Light Vehicle Indicators in China 25
7 Low-Speed Vehicle Indicators in China 33
8 Bicycle Indicators in China 34
9 Bus Park in China 36
SECTION III -- OVERVIEW
1 Motorcycle Supply & Demand in China 52
2 Motorcycle Demand in China by Market 55
3 Transportation Motorcycle Demand in China 59
4 Recreation & Sport Motorcycle Demand in China 63
5 Motorcycle Demand in Other Markets in China 65
6 Motorcycle Pricing Patterns in China 67
7 Motorcycle Demand by Engine Type 71
8 Motorcycle Foreign Trade in China 78
9 World Motorcycle Demand 83
SECTION IV -- GAS MOTORCYCLES
1 Gas Motorcycle Demand in China 88
2 Gas Motorcycle Demand in China by Model 89
3 Gas Motorcycle Demand in China by Displacement 93
4 Light Motorcycle Demand in China 96
5 Medium Motorcycle Demand in China 99
6 Heavy Motorcycle Demand in China 102
SECTION V -- ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES
1 Electric Motorcycle Demand in China 105
2 Electric Motorcycle Demand in China by Model 107
3 Electric Moped Demand in China 111
4 Electric Bicycle Demand in China 115
5 Electric Scooter & Other Electric Motorcycle Demand in China 119
6 Electric Motorcycle Demand in China by Battery Type 121
SECTION VI -- REGIONAL TRENDS
1 Population in China by Region 129
2 Gross Domestic Product of China by Region 131
3 Motorcycle Demand in China by Region 133
4 Central-North Region of China: Motorcycle Demand 138
5 Northeast Region of China: Motorcycle Demand 143
6 Central-East Region of China: Motorcycle Demand 147
7 Central-South Region of China: Motorcycle Demand 151
8 Southwest Region of China: Motorcycle Demand 155
9 Northwest Region of China: Motorcycle Demand 159
SECTION VII -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
1 Motorcycle Sales by Company, 2011 165
2 Selected Cooperative Agreements 182
LIST OF CHARTS
SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT
1 Population of China by Age, 2001-2021 15
2 Households in China by Region, 2001-2021 18
3 Chinese Currency Exchange Rate, 2001-2011 21
SECTION III -- OVERVIEW
1 Motorcycle Demand in China by Engine Type, 2001-2021 72
2 World Motorcycle Demand by Region, 2011 84
SECTION IV -- GAS MOTORCYCLES
1 Gas Motorcycle Demand in China by Model, 2011 89
2 Gas Motorcycle Demand in China by Displacement, 2011 94
SECTION V -- ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES
1 Electric Motorcycle Demand by Model, 2001-2011 108
2 Electric Moped Demand in China, 2001-2021 112
3 Electric Bicycle Demand in China, 2001-2021 116
4 Electric Scooter & Other Electric Motorcycle Demand in China, 2011-2021 120
5 Electric Motorcycle Demand in China by Battery Type, 2001-2021 122
SECTION VI -- REGIONAL TRENDS
1 Motorcycle Demand in China by Region, 2011 134
2 Central-North Region of China 136
3 Northeast Region of China 141
4 Central-East Region of China 145
5 Central-South Region of China 149
6 Southwest Region of China 153
7 Northwest Region of China 157
SECTION VII -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
1 Motorcycle Market Share in China by Company, 2011 167
2 Gas Motorcycle Market Share in China by Company, 2011 168
3 Electric Motorcycle Market Share in China by Company, 2011 171
