Power Infrastructure in Europe

• Publication date: April 2012
• Report size: 96 pages

This report investigates the current position and the issues for the next generation of Europe’s power industry.Analyze electricity demand profiles in Europe by country.Analyze the latest energy storage technology.Get up-to-date information on the development of the smart grid.Unde...

This report investigates the current position and the issues for the next generation of Europe’s power industry.Analyze electricity demand profiles in Europe by country.Analyze the latest energy storage technology.Get up-to-date information on the development of the smart grid.Understand how offshore generation is impacting power infrastructure.Understand how the future power infrastructure in Europe will pan out.An assessment of energy flows in 2010 indicates that a large number of countries are dependent on energy exports to meet demand. In this assessment "wheeling," where a country acts as a conduit to energy moving from one country to another, is ignored, since the import flow into the wheeling country would equal the subsequent export flow.While the pressure is present to develop extensive renewable energy projects across Europe, driven by both public perception and political will, it is likely that conventional generation will continue to be the dominant source of electricity generation for at least the next long-term planning cycle.To date, the proximity to the shore of the majority of offshore developments has meant that economics have dictated that HVAC transmission technology be used. However, as farm to shore distances increase it is likely that greater use of HVDC will come to the fore.What are the leading battery technologies and how are they impacting energy storage?How much infrastructure investment will be needed to develop the smart grid?What is the current status of the transmission sector in Europe?How will offshore generation impact transmission infrastructure in Europe?What is the future outlook for the European grid and how will it develop over the next 20 years?

Clean Vehicle Industry in Europe

About the author
•Disclaimer
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
•Introduction
•Energy storage technology
•Smart grid
•Offshore infrastructure
•Energy efficiency
•Future outlook
Introduction
•Summary
•Introduction
- Background
•European demand for electricity
- The existing mix of generation plant types
- Transfer capability
- Details of current and planned transmission lines
- Trans-European Energy Networks
•Analysis by countries
- UK
- France
- Germany
- Denmark
- Norway, Sweden, and Finland
- Belgium and the Netherlands
- Austria and Switzerland
- Poland
- Greece
- European targets for energy
•The demand for new generation plants
- Legislation and national and multinational policy
- System operation
•Carbon capture and storage
- Generation (ancillary services)
- Generation (mid-merit/intermediate duty)
Energy storage technology
•Summary
•Introduction and classification of storage
- Pumped hydro
- Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
•Batteries
- Lithium ion
- Flow batteries
- Electric double-layer capacitors
•Hydrogen systems
- Power to gas
- Flywheels
- Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
- Applications of storage
- Transmission cable technologies
- Conventional conductor technology
- Advanced conductor technology
- Other transmission infrastructure (transformers, switchgear, FACTS)
- Distribution technologies
Smart grid
•Summary
•Introduction
•Smart grid investment
- Progress in the EU
- Electric vehicles
- Future of the smart grid
Offshore infrastructure
•Summary
•Introduction
•Connecting offshore generation to the grid
- Offshore grid transmission and cable installation
•Offshore power generation
- Impact of offshore power on the grid
Energy efficiency
•Summary
•Introduction
- EU spending on energy efficiency
- EU energy efficiency targets
- EU energy efficiency programs
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- The UK
- Energy efficiency and transmission technology
- System loss reduction approaches
- New high-voltage lines
- Alternative to transmission
Future outlook
•Summary
•Future outlook
•The future of the European grid
Appendix
•Scope
•Glossary/abbreviations
•Bibliography/references

TABLES
•Table: ENTSO-E regional group, 2011
•Table: Changes in generation type in Europe (%), 1990–2009
•Table: European electricity exchanges (GWh), 2005–10
•Table: CO 2 emissions by sector (%), 2012
•Table: Installed capacity (MW), 2010
•Table: Existing and planned additions to the European offshore grid (MW), 2010–20
•Table: Possible additions to the European offshore grid (MW), 2010–20
•Table: EU renewable energy targets (%), 2020
•Table: EU growth in non-hydro renewables (MW), 2010–20
•Table: Worldwide electricity losses from transmission and distribution (quadrillion btu), 2008–35
•Table: Length of new and refurbished power lines (projects of European significance) (km), until 2020
•Table: Additional efficiency technologies for transmission
•Table: Structure of power generation by fuel type (%), 2010–30
•Table: Drivers and technical requirements of a smart grid

FIGURES
•Figure: ENTSO-E region, 2011
•Figure: Details of cross-border flows (GWh), 2010
•Figure: Energy requirement modeling by ENTSO-E, winter 2011–12
•Figure: Cross-border transmission for development 2011
•Figure: CO 2 emissions by sector (%), 2012
•Figure: Pre-combustion capture system
•Figure: Post-combustion capture system
•Figure: Oxy- fuel combustion system
•Figure: Diagram of a double-layer capacitor
•Figure: Smart grid schematic
•Figure: Installed offshore wind capacity by country (MW), 2010
•Figure: Offshore wind farm connection study 2009
•Figure: EU growth in non-hydro renewables (MW), 2010 -2020
•Figure: Worldwide electricity losses from transmission and distribution (quadrillion btu), 2008–35
•Figure: Structure of power generation by fuel type (%), 2010–30



Companies mentioned
AREVA SA, European Investment Bank, Gas Natural Fenosa, Hutchison 3G UK Limited, Royal KPN N.V., Schindler Holding Ltd., Unit 4 N.V.

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