World Steel Markets

World Steel Markets

This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Steel in Millions of Metric Tons. The End-use applications for Steel analyzed are Construction, Automotive, Machinery, Domestic/Commercial Equipment, and Others. The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, Latin America, and Africa. Annual forecasts are provided for each region for the period of 2001 through 2015. A ten-year historic analysis is also provided for these markets with annual market analytics. The report profiles 212 companies including many key and niche players worldwide such as Anshan Iron & Steel Group Corporation, ArcelorMittal, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd, Evraz Group S.A., Gerdau S.A., JFE Steel Corporation, Jiangsu Shagang Group Co., Ltd., Nippon Steel Corporation, Nucor Corporation., Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Riva Group, Tangshan Iron & Steel Group Co. Ltd., Tata Steel Ltd., Corus Group Plc, Thyssenkrupp Steel AG, and United States Steel Corporation. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are mostly extracted from URL research and reported select online sources.

I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS
Study Reliability and Reporting Limitations I-1
Disclaimers I-2
Data Interpretation & Reporting Level I-2
Quantitative Techniques & Analytics I-3
Product Definitions and Scope Of Study I-3
Construction I-3
Automotive I-4
Machinery I-4
Other Domestic/Commercial Equipment I-4
Others I-4
Finishes I-4
Furniture I-4
Steel Cans I-4
Accessories I-4


II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Outlook II-1
Market Snapshots II-1
Global Steel Market II-1
Production II-2
Pricing II-2
Steel Prices to Continue Upward Trend II-2

2. Industry Overview II-3
China - The Emergence of a Steel Giant II-3
Competitive Landscape II-4
Table 1: Leading Producers in the Global Crude Steel Market
(2006): Volume Production for ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel,
JFE, POSCO, BaoSteel (including Bayi Group), Tata Steel
(including Corus), US Steel, Nucor, Tangshan, Riva Group,
ThyssenKrupp, EvrazHolding, Gerdau, Anshan, and Jiangsu
Shagang Group (In Million Metric Tons) (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-4
The Big Three - A Comparative Analysis II-5
Table 2: Leading Players in the Global Large-Diameter Steel
Pipes Market (2004 & 2005): Percentage Breakdown of Value
Sales for Europipe, Mittal Steel/lspat International, JFE
Holdings, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Nippon Steel
Corporation, Confab, Corus, and Others (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-8

Table 3: Leading Players in the Global Stainless Steel Tubes
Market (2004 & 2005): Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales
for Sandvik, Tubacex, DMV Stainless, Sumitomo Metal
Industries, Kobe, Nippon Steel Corporation, Changwon
Specialty Steel (CSS), and Others (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-8

Table 4: Leading Players in the Global Steel Precision Tubes
Market (2004 & 2005): Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for
Vallourec, Mannesmann Hoesch Precision (MHP), Benteler,
Dalmine, Rothrist, and Others (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-9
Global Production II-9
Table 5: Global Crude Steel Market (2000-2006): Production
in Million Metric Tons (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-9

Table 6: Global Crude Steel Market (2004-2006): Production
in Million Metric Tons by Country - China, Japan, USA,
Russia, South Korea, Germany, India, Ukraine, Italy, Brazil,
and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-10

Table 7: Global Crude Steel Market (2004-2006): Percentage
Breakdown of Production by Region - China and Rest of World
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-10
Factors Affecting the Market II-11
Transforming the Industry’s ‘Surplus’ Capacity as its ‘Plus’ II-11
Global Consumption II-11
Table 8: Global Steel Market (2005 & 2006): Consumption in
Million Metric Tons by Country - China, Japan, USA, Russia,
South Korea, Germany, India, Ukraine, Italy, and Brazil
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-12

3. Industry Trends II-13
Global Steel Production to Surpass Consumption II-13
Steel Plate to Display Highest Demand in 2008 II-13
Steel Industry to Flourish Worldwide II-13
Global Demand for Steel Grows II-13
China - The Global Leader in Steel Demand and Supply II-14
Is it the Beginning of Consolidation in the Global Steel
Industry? II-14
Moving up the Value Chain II-15
Industry Expansion Remains Stagnant Among Traditional Steel
Producers II-15
Global Steel Demand Continues to Rise Unabated II-16
Increasing Steel Prices Hit End-Use Markets II-16
Market for Faux Stainless Products Gaining Ground II-16
Development of E-Business II-16
Surge in Cost Cutting Drives II-17
Innovations in Design and Production II-17
Unfair Trade Practices: The Agony Continues for Global Steel
Industry II-17
Construction Industry Propels the Performance of Mini-Mills II-18
Steel Industry Persists with its Energy Conservation Drive II-18

4. Steel Challenges: The Present and the Past II-19
Asian Economic Crisis & Its Impact II-19
Aftershocks in the US Steel Industry II-19
Table 9: Global Steel Market (2000-2003): Industry
Employment by Country - Japan, USA, Germany, Brazil, Canada,
South Korea, Italy, France, Spain, United Kingdom,
Australia, Belgium, South Africa and Netherlands (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-20

5. The Modern Steel Industry II-21
The Role of Steel Service Centers II-21

6. An Overview of Key Markets II-22
Asia-Pacific: The Largest and Attractive of all Markets II-22
Table 10: Steel Market in Asia-Pacific (2001-2010):
Consumption in Million Metric Tons by End-Use Segment -
Construction, Automotive, and Machinery (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-22
Europe: A Steady, Consistent Market II-22
Table 11: Steel Market in Europe (2001-2010): Consumption in
Million Metric Tons by End-Use Segment - Construction,
Automotive, and Machinery (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-23
The United States: Out from a Turbulent Phase? II-23
Table 12: Steel Market in the US (2001-2010): Consumption in
Million Metric Tons by End-Use Segment - Construction,
Automotive, and Machinery (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-23

7. Reliving The Steel War of 2002 II-24
The US Steel Market Becomes the Most-Protected Steel Market
in the World II-24
Reasons Cited for Imposing Section 201 II-24
Steel Jobs - A Recent Past Perspective II-25
Table 13: Steel Jobs Worldwide (1995-2002): Employees and
Job Cuts by Region/Country - EU, USA, Germany and UK
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-25
Why the US Steel Industry Required Protection? II-25
A Blow to Global Economic Recovery: Reactions to Section 201 II-26
Cries Against Section 201: A Domestic Industry Viewpoint II-26
Ill-prepared to Face Global Competition II-26
Timing of Imposition of the Law II-26
The Aftermath II-27
The EU Responds II-27
Russia Emerges Unharmed II-28
The ‘Ruble’ Factor II-28
Embargo on American Chicken Imports: A Tit-for-Tat Act? II-28
The Resurgence of Russian Steel Industry: A Look Back II-28
Asian Steel Industry Undeterred II-29
South Korean Steel Industry’s Calculation Goes Wrong II-29
Challenges Before the Japanese Steel Industry II-29
Chinese Steel Industry: Unaffected But II-29
Reeling Under Overcapacity II-29
Indian Steel Industry Receives Let Off II-30
Latin American Steel Industry Geared Up II-30
Quota and Tariff: Not New to Brazilian Steel Industry II-30

8. Steel - Facts & Figures II-31
Exports and Imports II-31
Table 14: Global Steel Market (2005 & 2006): Leading Volume
Exporters of Steel by Region/Country (In Million Metric Tons)
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-31

Table 15: Global Steel Market (2005 & 2006): Leading Volume
Importers of Steel by Region/Country (In Million Metric Tons)
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-31
A Recent Past Overview II-32
Production II-32
Table 16: Steel Market in North America (2004 & 2005):
Production in '000 Metric Tons (for Seven Months Ending
July) by Country - USA, Mexico, Canada, and Others (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-32

Table 17: Steel Market in Europe (2004 & 2005): Production
in '000 Metric Tons (for Seven Months Ending July) by
Country - Russia, Germany, Ukraine, Italy, Turkey, France,
Spain, UK, Belgium, Poland, Austria, Netherlands, Czech
Republic, Romania, Sweden, and Others (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-32

Table 18: Steel Market in Asia-Pacific (2004 & 2005):
Production in '000 Metric Tons (for Seven Months Ending
July) by Country - China, South Korea, India, Taiwan,
Australia, and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-33

Table 19: Steel Market in the Middle East (2004 & 2005):
Production in '000 Metric Tons (for Seven Months Ending
July) by Country - Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-33

Table 20: Steel Market in South America (2004 & 2005):
Production in '000 Metric Tons (for Seven Months Ending
July) by Country - Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile,
Colombia, Peru, and Others (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-34

Table 21: Steel Market in Africa (2004 & 2005): Production
in '000 Metric Tons (for Seven Months Ending July) by
Country - South Africa, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, and Zimbabwe
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-34

Table 22: Global Crude Steel Market (2004): Percentage
Breakdown of Production by Process (Oxygen, Electric, Open
Hearth) and by Region - North America, Europe, Central &
South America, Africa, Middle East, and Asia-Pacific
(including Japan) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-35

Table 23: Global Stainless Steel Market (2003 & 2004):
Production in ‘000 Metric Tons by Region - Asia, Western
Europe & Africa, North & South America, and Eastern Europe
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-35

Table 24: Global Continuously-Cast Steel Market (2003 &
2004): Production in Million Metric Tons by Region -
Asia-Pacific (including Japan), Europe, North America,
Central & South America, Africa, and Middle East (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-36

Table 25: Global Market for Steel Products (2003 & 2004):
Production Capacity in Million Tons by Product Type - Crude
Steel, Pig Iron, Hot Rolled Flat Products, Hot Rolled Long
Products, Coke, and DR Iron (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-36

Table 26: Global Pig Iron Market (2002-2004): Production in
'000 Metric Tons by Region - Asia- Pacific (including
Japan), Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and
Middle East (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-37

Table 27: Global Tubes and Tube Fittings Market (2002 &
2003): Production in '000 Metric Tons by Region -
Asia-Pacific (including Japan), Europe, North America, and
Middle East (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-37

Table 28: Global Welded Tubes Market (2002 & 2003):
Production in '000 Metric Tons by Region - Asia-Pacific
(including Japan), Europe, and North America (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-38

Table 29: Global Seamless Tubes Market (2002 & 2003):
Production in '000 Metric Tons by Region - Asia-Pacific
(including Japan), Europe, North America, and South America
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-38

Table 30: Global Hot-Rolled Steel Products Market (2002 &
2003): Production in '000 Metric Tons by Region -
Asia-Pacific (including Japan), Europe, North America, South
America, Middle East, and Africa (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-39

Table 31: Global Hot-Rolled Flat Products Market (2002 &
2003): Production in '000 Metric Tons by Region -
Asia-Pacific (including Japan), Europe, North America, South
America, and Africa (includes corresponding Graph/ Chart)
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-39

Table 32: Global Crude Steel Market (2002 & 2003):
Production Capacity in Million Metric Tons by Production
Process - Basic Oxygen Furnace, Electric Arc Furnace, and
Open Hearth Furnace (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-40

Table 33: Global Market for Stainless and Heat Resisting
Steel (Ingot/Slab Equivalent) (2002 & 2003) - Production in
‘000 Metric Tons by Quarter (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-40

Table 34: Global Steel Market (2000-2002): Production in
Million Metric Tons by Country - China, Japan, USA, Russia,
South Korea, Germany, Ukraine, India, Brazil, and Italy
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-41

Table 35: Global Steel Market (2000-2003): Percentage
Breakdown of Production Capacity by Production Method -
Basic Oxygen Furnace, Electric Arc Furnace, and Others
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-41

Table 36: Steel Market in Europe (2000-2003): Production in
Million Metric Tons by Region/Country - Russia, Germany,
Italy, France, Spain, UK, and Rest of Europe (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-42

Table 37: Steel Market in Asia-Pacific (2000-2002):
Production in Million Metric Tons by Region/Country - China,
South Korea, India, Taiwan, and Rest of Asia- Pacific
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-42
Exports and Imports II-43
Table 38: Global Steel Market (2003): Exports in Million
Metric Tons by Select Country - Japan, Russia, Ukraine,
Germany, Belgium-Luxembourg, France, South Korea, Brazil,
Italy, and Turkey (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-43

Table 39: Global Steel Market (2003): Exports in Million
Metric Tons by Product Type - Ingots and Semi-Finished
Material; Hot-Rolled Sheets and Coils; Cold-Rolled Sheets
and Coils; Galvanized Sheet; Steel Tubes and Fittings;
Plates; Wire Rod; Angles, Shapes and Sections; Concrete
Reinforcing Bars; and Others (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-43

Table 40: Global Semi-Finished and Finished Steel Products
Market (2002 & 2003): Exports in '000 Metric Tons by Region
- Europe, Asia-Pacific (including Japan), North America,
South America, Africa, and Middle East (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-44

Table 41: Global Stainless Steel Products Market (2002 &
2003): Exports in ‘000 Metric Tons by Region - Europe,
Asia-Pacific, North America, Africa, South America, and Rest
of World (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-44

Table 42: Global Stainless Steel Scrap Market (2002 & 2003):
Exports in ‘000 Metric Tons by Region/Country - USA,
Russia, EU, Ukraine, Baltic States, and Kazakhstan
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-45

Table 43: Global Steel Market (2001 & 2002): Exports in ‘000
Metric Tons by Country - Japan, Russia, Ukraine, Germany,
Belgium-Luxembourg, France, South Korea, Brazil, Italy ,and
Turkey (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-45

Table 44: Global Market for Wide Hot-Rolled Steel Coil
(2001 & 2002): Exports in Million Tons by Country - Japan,
Russia, Belgium, France, Germany, South Korea, Ukraine,
Taiwan, Netherlands, Italy, and South Africa (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-46

Table 45: Global Market for Steel Ingot and Semi-Finished
Steel (2001): Exports in Million Tons by Country - Russia,
Ukraine, Brazil, China, France, Germany, and Japan (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-46

Table 46: Global Steel Market (2003): Imports in Million
Metric Tons by Select Country - China, USA, Germany, Italy,
South Korea, France, Belgium-Luxembourg, Spain, Taiwan, and
Thailand (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-47

Table 47: Global Semi-Finished and Finished Steel Products
Market (2002 & 2003): Imports in '000 Metric Tons by Region
- Europe, Asia-Pacific (including Japan), North America,
Middle East, Africa and South America (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-47

Table 48: Global Steel Market (2001 & 2002) - Imports in
‘000 Metric Tons by Country - USA, China, Germany, Italy,
France, South Korea, Belgium-Luxembourg, Taiwan, Spain, and
Thailand (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-48

Table 49: Global Market for Wide Hot-Rolled Steel Coil
(2001 & 2002): Imports in Million Tons by Country - USA,
Italy, South Korea, France, China, Spain, Turkey, Japan,
Germany, Taiwan, and United Kingdom (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-48

9. Product Overview II-49
The Steel Transition II-49
Steel: The Sage of a Non-Ferrous Metal II-49
The Backbone of Human Development II-49
Steel Composition II-50
Steel Properties II-50
Steel Classification II-50
Carbon Steels II-51
TABLE 50: Carbon Steels - Alloying Elements of Steel not
Exceeding the Following Limits of Weight (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-51
Alloy Steels II-51
Stainless Steels II-51
Austenitic Grade II-52
Ferritic Grade II-52
Martensitic Grade II-52
Tool Steels II-53
High-Speed Tool Steels II-53
Cold-Work Tool Steels II-53
Hot-Work Tool Steels II-53
Mold Steels II-53
Shock-Resistant Tool Steels II-53
Water-Hardening Tool Steels II-54
Special-Purpose Tool Steels II-54
Chromium Steel II-54
Nickel Steel II-54
High Speed Steel II-54
Cobalt Steel II-54
Ferro-Tic Carbide II-55
Carbide Tipped II-55
Solid Carbide II-55
Packaging Steels and Applications II-55
Steel Manufacturing Process II-55
Coke Making II-56
Iron Making II-57
Blast Furnace Iron Making II-57
Iron-Rich Byproducts: Recycled by Sintering II-57
Use of Blast Furnace in Producing Pig Iron II-58
Direct Reduction II-59
Iron Smelting II-59
Steel Making - Basic Oxygen Furnace II-59
Classification of BOFs II-60
Bottom Blown II-60
Top Blown II-60
Combination Blown II-60
Steel Making - Electric Arc Furnace II-60
Refining and Casting II-61
Ladle Refining II-62
Casting II-62
Strip Casting II-63
Continuous Casting II-63
Forming and Finishing II-64
Rolling and Finishing - Rod and Bar Products II-64
Steel Shapes Produced Via Hot Forming Operations II-64
Pickling and Other Finishing Processes Clean Up the Hot-
Rolled Shapes II-65
Cold Forming - Modifies Properties of Some Steels II-66
Steel Recycling II-66

10. An Overview of Major End-Use Segments II-67
Construction II-67
Continues to be the Single Largest Steel Consumer II-67
Table 51: Global Steel Market (2001-2010): Consumption of
Steel in Million Metric Tons in Construction Industry by
Region/Country - USA, Japan, Europe, and Asia- Pacific
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-68
Automotive II-68
Industry’s Steel Consumption Cruises Ahead Positively II-68
Table 52: Global Steel Market (2001-2010): Consumption of
Steel in Million Metric Tons in Automotive Industry by
Region/Country - USA, Japan, Europe, and Asia- Pacific
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-69
Machinery II-69
The Burgeoning Steel Consumption II-69
Table 53: Global Steel Market (2001-2010): Consumption of
Steel in Million Metric Tons in Machinery Industry by
Region/Country - USA, Japan, Europe, and
Asia-Pacific(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-69
Appliances II-70
Canned Food II-70
Accessories II-70
Finishes II-70
Furniture II-70

11. Stainless Steel Industry - An Overview II-71
End-Use Applications of Stainless Steel II-71

12. Global Steel Associations II-72
British Constructional Steelwork Association (BCSA) (UK) II-72
British Metals Recycling Association (BMRA) (UK) II-72
Iron and Steel Statistics Bureau (ISSB) (UK) II-72
Malaysian Structural Steel Association (MSSA) (Malaysia) II-72
Metals Industry Skills and Performance Ltd. (MetSkill) (UK) II-72
National Association of Steel Stockholders (NASS) (UK) II-72
The International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI) (Belgium) II-72
The Rolled Steel Association (Germany) II-73

13. Product Introductions/Innovations II-74
JFE Steel Fabricates Novel Corrosion-resistant Chromate- free
Sheet Steel II-74
Williams Scotsman Introduces Stainless Steel Modular Steel
Product II-74

14. Product Introductions/Innovations in the Recent Past II-75
Tanaka Develops Harder Stainless Steel II-75
Essar Steel Rolls Out First Hot Rolled Dual Phase Steel Coil
in India II-75
JFE-SX1 - A Ferritic Stainless Steel Grade for Automobile
Applications from JFE Steel II-75
JFE Steel’s ‘Universal Brite Type - F’ Paints Food Cans Greener II-75
Metwood Introduces a New All-Steel Component Housing Package II-76
Kobe Steel Develops Enhanced Surface-Treated Steel Sheet II-76
Kobe Steel Introduces 80kg - Grade Steel II-76
POSCO Produces the World's First Ultra-Thin API Hot Rolled Coil II-76
Steel Industry Introduces Two Vehicle Concepts II-76
NKK Develops High-Tensile Steel Sheet II-77
Sumitomo Metal Industries Develops New Form of Steel Plate II-77
NKK Develops New Thick Steel Plates II-77
POSCO Develops Strip-Casting Process, a Novel Steel Technology II-77

15. Recent Industry Activity II-78
ESSAR & JSW to Establish Retail Outlets in India II-78
Bhushan Steel & Sumitomo to Establish Steel Plant in Orissa II-78
Tata Steel to Acquire Liberian Mines II-78
ArcelorMittal, Baosteel & Nippon Steel to Set up New
Production Line II-78
POSCO to Acquire Majority Stake in MEGS II-78
ArcelorMittal Acquires CINTER S.A. II-78
China Steel to Construct Steel Mill in Vietnam II-79
BlueScope Acquires IMSA Steel Corp. II-79
Baosteel & Hansteel to Set up Steel Plant in Handan II-79
ArcelorMittal to Raise Stake in China Oriental II-79
Hanwa to Expand Overseas Steel Capacity II-79
ABM Solid Acquires WKS Grybow II-80
ArcelorMittal Acquires M.T. Majdalani II-80
ISMT to Increase Seamless Tube Manufacturing Capacity II-80
Sinosteel to Acquire Midwest II-80
NLMK to Acquire 51% Stake in Maxi Group II-80
JSW Steel to Begin Construction of New Steel Plant in West
Bengal II-81
Kobe Steel to Commercialize New Furnace II-81
Tata Steel to Form Joint Venture with Nippon Steel II-81
ArcelorMittal to Acquire Stake in General Moly II-81
WISCO to Acquire Steel-Related Assets from Wuhan Steel II-81
ArcelorMittal Purchases Galvex Steel Galvanizing Plant in
Estonia II-82
CITIC Pacific to Acquire Korean Steel Pty Ltd II-82
Tata Group & Vietnam Steel to Collaborate II-82
U.S. Steel Acquires Stelco II-82
Tata Steel to Establish New Plant in Chhattisgarh II-82
ArcelorMittal acquires majority stake in Rongcheng II-82
JSW Steel Acquires US Companies II-82
Gerdau Ameristeel Takes over Chaparral Steel II-83
Tata Steel Acquires Corus II-83
ArcelorMittal Acquires Sicartsa II-83
General Steel to Take Over Tianjin Daqiuzhuang II-84
Ternium to Acquire Grupo Imsa II-84
Reliance Steel & Aluminum Takes Over Encore Metals II-84
John Maneely to Take Over Sharon Tube II-84
Reliance Steel & Aluminum Acquires Industrial Metals and
Athens Steel II-84
Americast Technologies Takes Over Atlas Castings & Technology II-85
Commercial Metals Acquires Four Businesses from Bouras
Industries II-85
Commercial Metals Acquires Stake in CMC Zawiercie II-85
Carlyle Group Acquires Stake in Yangzhou Chengde Steel II-85
United States Steel to Take Over Lone Star Technologies II-85
Mitsui & Co. Takes Over Steel Technologies II-86
TKC Steel Acquires Majority Stake in Zhangzhou Stronghold Steel II-86
Canam Acquires Additional Stake in United Steel Structures II-86
JSW Steel Acquires Argent II-86
NLML-Duferco JV to Acquire Winner Steel II-86
Shanghai Baosteel to Acquire Stake in Baotou Steel II-87
Nippon Steel to Acquire Remaining Interest in Hokkai II-87
Evraz Acquires Oregon Steel II-87
Bushwick Metals Takes Over Koons Steel II-87
Essar Steel to Acquire Algoma II-87
Essar Acquires Minnesota Steel II-88
ArcelorMittal to Acquire AK Steel II-88
RusSpetsStal to Take Over Midland Steel II-88
Esmark to Merge with Wheeling-Pittsburgh II-88
ArcelorMittal to Establish New Steel Service Centre in Poland II-88
ArcelorMittal Enters into an Agreement with Noble International II-89
JFE Steel to Expand Production Capacity at Chita Works II-89
JFE Steel Renews Agreement with GMH II-89
POSCO, Hyundai and Dongkuk Enter into an Agreement II-89
SSAB to Divest IPSCO’s Steel Pipe Unit II-89
Terra Nostra Enters into Equity Transfer Deal with Chinese
Partner II-90
Tata Steel and Vietnam Steel Sign MoU II-90
Kobe Steel Plans to Set Up Plant in India II-90
Acerinox to Join Hands with Nisshin Steel II-90
Jindal Stainless to Set Up Steel Plant in Orissa II-90
SAIL Plans to Double Bhilai Steel Plant Capacity II-91
MISI Enters into an Agreement to Set Up First European Steel
Sheet Processing Center II-91
MISI to Launch Reinforcing Steel Processing Company in Abu Dhabi II-91
Jindal to Establish Steel Plant in India II-91
Interpipe and Daniel to Construct Electric Steel Mill II-91
E-United Group to Setup Steel Production Facility in Vietnam II-92
Bhushan Steel to Setup Integrated Steel and Power Facility in
West Bengal II-92
Handan Steel and Baosteel to Jointly Setup New Steel Plant in
China II-92
Universal Metal, Metal One and Arif Habib Inks a Joint Venture II-92
ThyssenKrupp to Setup New Plant in the US II-93
Sutor Technology Bags 10,000 Tons of Steel Supply Contract II-93
KAAP to Expand Aluminum Forging Capacity II-93
UMW to Setup New Steel Facility in China II-93
Nippon Steel and Chubu Steel Form Strategic Alliance II-93
Mittal Steel Acquires Arcelor II-94
Harris Rebar Fresno to Acquire Franklin Reinforcing II-95
Tarpon Industries to Acquire J&J II-95
Nippon Steel to Acquire Stake in The Siam United II-95
Nucor Steel Acquires Connecticut Steel’s Assets II-95
Steel Dynamics Acquires Roanoke Electric Steel II-96
Castle Harlan Acquires Americast Technologies II-96
Black Diamond Acquires Bayou Steel II-96
Commercial Metals Acquires Bruhler Stahlhandel II-96
Net Perceptions Acquires CRC II-96
Reliance Steel Acquires Earle M. Jorgensen II-96
Gerdau SA Acquires Fargo II-97
Bainbridge Steel Acquires Hood & Co II-97
Wheeling-Pittsburgh’s Subsidiary Acquires Independent Steel
Company II-97
Fabral Acquires Jenisys II-97
Monarch Steel Acquires Feralloy Corp.’s Cleveland Steel Plant II-97
International Metal Enterprises Acquires Stein Ferroaleciones II-97
State Street Corp. Acquires Stake in Tubacex II-97
Platinum Equity Acquires PNA Group II-97
Nucor Completes Acquisition of Verco II-98
Posco to Increase Stake in Prestar Steel II-98
Caparo Group Acquires SteelTubes of India II-98
Reliance Acquires Yarde Metals II-98
Ryerson Takes Over Lancaster Steel II-98
Gibraltar Acquires Storage Product Assets of Steel City II-98
Swiss Steel Takes over Schmolz + Bickenbach II-99
Arabian Pipes Company to Take Over Saudi Steel Pipes II-99
Schmolz + Bickenbach to Acquire Finkl II-99
Evraz Acquires Stake in Strategic Minerals II-99
Olympia Steel Acquires Outstanding Stake in GSP II-100
Silver Point Acquires Galvex Estonia II-100
Smorgon Steel Completes the Acquisition of Australian Color
Coaters II-100
O’Neal Steel Acquires Timberline Steel II-100
SMT Acquires Silvan Industries II-100
ArcelorMittal Decelerates Flat Steel Production in Europe II-100
Nippon Steel to Purchase Stake in Usiminas II-101
ArcelorMittal Divests Italy-based Steel Operations II-101
Jindal Steel to Build Two Steel Manufacturing Plants II-101
Hadeed to Expand Production Capacity II-101
Chang Yi and China Steel to Establish Joint Venture in China II-102
Zamil Steel Signs Contract with Canon II-102
ArcelorMittal Inks Agreement to Establish Steel Plant in India II-102
ArcelorMittal to Divest Thüringen to Grupo Alfonso Gallardo II-103
JFE Steel Enters into Agreement with Dongkuk Steel II-103
JFE Steel Inks Agreement to Increase Interest in Nova Era
Silicon II-103
POSCO Signs Deal to Set Up Steel Plates Facility for
Automobiles in Mexico II-103
Indian Iron and Steel Unites with SAIL II-104
ThyssenKrupp Steel to Extend Cooperation Agreement with JFE
Steel II-104
ThyssenKrupp and ANSC to Establish Hot-dip Coating Line II-104
ArvinMeritor Divests Shareholding in Meritor Suspension II-104
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Terminates CSN Merger Agreement II-105
Timken Divests Timken Precision Components II-105
JSW Steel Plans to Set up New Steel Plant II-105
Marubeni-Itochu Steel to Set up New Steel Sheet Processing
Plant in India II-105
Mitsui Merges Mi-Tech Steel and Mitsui Auto Steel II-105
SAIL to Merge Maharashtra Elektrosmelt II-106
Indian Steel Ministry to Revive Plans for RINL-SAIL Merger II-106
Nakornthai to Merge with SSI II-106
Essar Group Increases Stake in Essar Steel II-106
Noble and Wuhan Set Up Long-Term Joint Venture II-107
Tata Steel Acquires NatSteel II-107
Esmark Announces Takeover of North American Steel II-107
Commercial Metals Acquires Hall-Hodges II-107
Anshan and Benxi Merge to Form Anben II-108
Mittal Steel Company Acquires Kryvorizstal II-108
Euro Ikon Iron Steel, Euro Coke Energy and JSW Power Merge
with JSW Steel II-108
Nippon Steel, Baoshan Iron and Steel and Arcelor Jointly
Produce Automotive Sheets II-108
Ohio Companies Finance Steel Project II-108
Schnitzer Steel Industries Acquires Regional Recycling II-109
O’Neal Steel Purchases TW Metals II-109
Oryol Steel Rolling Mill Merges with Severstal Metiz II-109
Mittal Steel Acquires International Steel Group to Become
World’s Largest Steel Maker II-109
Imsa Acero Acquires Polymer Coil Coaters II-109
Nucor Forms Joint Venture with Ambassador Steel II-110
TISCO Partners with Natsteel Asia II-110
International Iron and Steel Institute and Member Steel
Companies Sign Agreement II-110
Cia Vale do Rio Doce Bags Iron Ore Supply Contracts from Major
Japanese Steel Makers II-110
TXI Chaparral Steel Starts Expansion Project for Reheat
Furnace Facility II-110
Charter Steel Commences Expansion of Ohio Plant II-110

16. Strategic Corporate Developments in the Recent Past II-111
Ryerson Tull Acquires J&F Steel II-111
ISG Acquires Georgetown Steel II-111
Triple-S Acquires R&S Steel II-111
Severstal Acquires Rouge Industries II-111
Gerdau Ameristeel Acquires North Star Steel II-111
O'Neal Acquires Aerodyne II-112
Mapes & Sprowl Purchases JIT Terminal Operations II-112
Harris Steel Group Buys Lafarge Canada Steel Bar Business II-112
ISG Weirton Acquires Weirton Steel Corporation II-112
LNM Group Acquires Siderurgica Hunedoara II-112
Arcelor Increases Stake in Companhia Siderurgica de Tubarao II-112
LNM Group Forms Consortium with United States Steel Corporation II-113
BHPB Signs Joint Venture Agreement with JFE Steel II-113
JFE Steel and GISEHL form a Joint Venture II-113
Thyssen & ANSC Angang Form a Joint Venture - TAGAL II-113
Delaco Steel Signs Joint Venture Agreement with Kasle Steel II-113
Material Sciences and Arcelor Form Strategic Alliance II-114
LNM Holdings Signs Memorandum of Understanding in China II-114
Nippon Steel Signs Agreement with BHP Billiton II-114
Lone Star Steel Signs Marketing Agreement with Grupo Brastubo II-114
POSCO Strikes a Long-Term Deal with Thainox Steel II-115
Tata Iron & Steel Enters into Agreement to Increase Steel
Consumption II-115
BHP Billiton Signs Supply Contract with Steel Producers in China II-115
Rio Tinto Inks Supply Contract with Shanghai Baosteel II-115
LNM Holdings and Balkan Steel Sign Agreement II-115
Arcelor Inks Key Supply Agreements with Chinese Partners II-115
Arcelor and Erdemir Ink an Agreement II-115
Imsa Acero Enters into Contract with Corus II-116
Nichol McKay Bags Contract from NACCO II-116
Dofasco Steel Receives ChoiceM Program Certification from
Environment Canada II-116
Arcelor’s Turkish Affiliate Adds New Manufacturing Plant II-116
LNM Holdings Completes Privatization of Polskie Huty Stali II-116
Arcelor Expands Manufacturing Presence in Brazil II-117
POSCO Constructs Production Plant No. 6 Continuous
Galvanizing Line II-117
Thyssen Krupp’s Krefeld Site Gets the Fifth Cold Rolling Mill II-117
Arcelor Divests Assets in Aciérie de l'Atlantique II-117
Arcelor Disposes Thainox II-117
Arcelor Sells Assets of J&L Specialty Steels II-118
Outokumpu Divests Non-Core Operations II-118
Thyssen Krupp Departs From Brazilian Automotive Galvanized
Steel Venture - GalvaSud II-118
Arcelor Takes Over Stakes in Pallanzeno Rolling Mill and San
Zeno Melting Shop II-118
U.S. Steel Acquires National Steel II-118
Blue Blade Acquires Benedict-Miller’s Sheet and Plate Product
Lines II-119
Gibraltar Steel Acquires Construction Metals II-119
LNM Holdings Gains Additional 12.19% of Iscor Limited II-119
LNM Holdings Purchases Petrotub Roman II-119
Nucor Purchases North Star Arizona II-119
Gibraltar Steel Purchases Air Vent II-119
International Steel Group Purchases Bethlehem Steel’s Assets II-119
JFE Steel and Guangzhou Iron & Steel Enterprises Finalize a
Joint Venture II-120
Nippon Steel, Arcelor, and Baoshan Iron & Steel Form a Joint
Venture II-120
NKK & Kawasaki Steel Strengthen Ties II-120
Nucor and Companhia Vale do Rio Doce in a Pig Iron Project II-120
Arcelor and Bao Steel Ink an Agreement II-120
JFE Steel and Kobe Steel Sign an Agreement II-121
German-Iranian and Italian-Iranian Consortiums Enter into a
Contract II-121
Arcelor and Tata Steel in a Technology License Agreement II-121
Connecticut Steel Awards Contract to Morgan II-121
Corus Group Establishes New R&D Facility II-121
JFE Steel & Dofasco Redefine Roles in the Automotive
Galvanized Steels Venture II-121
JFE Holdings Streamline Corporate Structure II-122
Nippon Steel and Mitsui Receives Contract from Clough
Engineering Limited II-122
Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Industries Establish Nippon
Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel II-122
Nippon Steel Signs Agreement with Kanematsu and Tianjin
Tiantie Coking and Chemical II-122
Nippon Steel, Ispat International, and Ispat Inland Sign
Agreement II-122
Oregon Steel Shutters Melting Shop II-123
POSCO and Benxi Ink a Joint Venture Agreement II-123
POSCO Bolsters Capacity with New Meltshop II-123
'POSCO China' Comes into Being II-123
POSCO Enhances Tailor Welded Blank’s Production Capacity II-123
POSCO Inks Agreement with Salzgitter II-123
POSCO Starts Construction Automotive Steel Sheet Processing Unit II-124
Smorgon Steel Acquires Hartwell II-124
ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni Signs Contract with TAD Group II-124
U.S. Steel Awards Contract to Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau II-124
Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Bags Contract from Mobarakeh
Steel Complex II-124
Weirton Concludes Renovation of its Hot Mill II-124
Xingtai Commences Engineering of a New Sintering Machine II-125
BlueScope Commences Building a New Plant II-125
Voestalpine Buys Polynorm II-125
Voestalpine’s Division Acquires stake in Horst Matzner Holding II-125
Voestalpine Europlatinen Buys Stake in Euroweld II-125
Voestalpine Europlatinen and POSCO Sign Partnership Deal II-125
Sumitomo and Mitsui Form United Steel Center Manila II-126
Commercial Metals Acquires Scrap Metal Interest of Sampson Steel II-126
Worthington Industries Sign Purchase Agreement to Acquire
Unimast II-126
Timken Forms Joint Venture with Two Japanese Companies II-126
Michelin Group, Ring Techs, and ArvinMeritor Form an Alliance II-126
Sumitomo Metal Industries and Corus Group Enter into an Alliance II-127
NKK, Kawasaki and ThyssenKrupp Join Hands II-127
Nippon Steel and AK Steel Sign Pact II-127
Nucor Enters into Long-Term Alliance with Trustwal Systems II-127
ThyssenKrupp Steel and Nippon Steel Enter Electrical Steel
Collaboration II-127
Tata Steel Tie-Up with Nippon Steel II-127
Shanghai Baogang Group Reaches an Agreement with Mitsui II-127
POSCO Receives a Supply Deal from China’s Tarim- Shanghai Project II-128
Nippon Steel, Arcelor and Tata Steel Sign Automotive Steel
Technology Cooperation Agreement II-128
Morgan Receives Contract from Zhang Jia Gang Shatai Steel
Company II-128
Bethlehem Steel Bags a Contract from Kvaerner Philadelphia
Shipyard II-128
Copperweld, Prolamsa Frames a Joint Marketing Agreement II-128
VAI Receives Order for Jiangsu Shagang’s Modernizing Efforts II-129
Rautaruukki's Rannila Opens Facility in Russia II-129
POSCO Begins Construction on Tailored Welded Blanks’ Plant
for Automotive Steel II-129
POSCO Increases Capacity of Hot Rolled Steel Sheets by 470,
000 tons II-129
POSCO Completes Revamp Construction of Pickling- OiledSteel
Sheets II-129
POSCO Starts Expansion of Facilities of High Value Added
Steel Products in China II-129
Aceralia, Arbed and Usinor Merge to Form World’s Largest
Steel Company II-130
Alcoa Fujikura Acquires Laser Armor Tech II-130
Nucor Buys Auburn Steel Merchant Bar Facility II-130
Shanghai Baosteel, Nippon Steel and POSCO Enter into an Alliance II-130
Nippon Steel Enters into Alliance with Usinor II-130
Severstal and Usinor Ink a Letter of Intent II-130
Daido Steel Joins Forces with Tohoku Steel II-131
Nippon Steel and Usinor Sign a Global Strategic Alliance
Agreement II-131
Kobe Steel Signs Technical Collaboration Agreement with
Lucchini Group II-131
Salem Steel Plant Bags Supply Order from The Government of India II-131
Queensland Rail Awards a Three-Year Contract to Krupp Thyssen
Nirsota II-131
Tatekawa Wire Builds Galvanized Steel Wire Plant II-131
SMS Demag Builds New Reversing Mill for Cold-Rolled Strip II-132
Sanmar Alloy Castings Doubles Steel and Stainless Castings
Capacity II-132
Thai Nguyen Steel Completes Expansion Program II-132
MSC Suspends Steel Coating Operations in Illinois II-132
Northwestern Steel & Wire Closes Steel Operations II-132
Bethlehem Steel Files for Bankruptcy Protection II-132
Kalyani Seamless Tubes Merges with Indian Seamless Metal Tubes II-132
Usinor Merges Stainless Steel Tube Activities with Matthey II-133
NKK and Marubeni Increase Stakes in Thai Cold Rolled Steel
Sheet and Thai Coated Steel Sheet II-133
Gibraltar Steel Purchases Milcor II-133
NV Bekaert, Belgo Mineira Bekaert Arames, and Inchalam
Acquires Wire Rope Industries II-133
Tubacex Assumes Full Control of Schoeller Bleckmann
Edelstahlrohr II-133
Bethlehem Steel Forms Joint Venture with Novamerican Steel II-133
Sumitomo and Sumitomo Metal Sign a Contract with Baoji
Petroleum Steel Pipe Plant II-133
Belgo Mineira Signs Contract with Inchalan to Produce Steel Wire II-134
Lone Star Steel Signs an Exclusive Multi-Year Agreement with
Welspun Gujarat Stahl Rohren II-134
Isibars Wins Stainless Steel Wire Rods Export Order II-134
Algoma Steel Signs Agreement with Siderca II-134
Nippon Steel and POSCO Sign Strategic Alliance Agreement II-134
Charter Steel Builds New Stainless and Specialty Steel Mill II-134
Precision Strip Opens Steel Strip Processing Center II-134
Nucor Builds Steel Joist and Deck Facility II-134
Seymour Tubing Builds Steel Tube Facility II-135
Rautaruukki Completes 5-Year Modernization Program II-135

17. Focus on Select Global Players II-136
Anshan Iron & Steel Group Corporation (China) II-136
ArcelorMittal (Luxembourg) II-136
Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd (China) II-136
Evraz Group S.A. (Russia) II-137
Gerdau S.A. (Brazil) II-137
JFE Steel Corporation (Japan) II-138
Jiangsu Shagang Group Co., Ltd. (China) II-138
Nippon Steel Corporation (Japan) II-139
Nucor Corporation (USA) II-139
Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (South Korea) II-139
Riva Group (Italy) II-140
Tangshan Iron & Steel Group Co. Ltd. (China) II-140
Tata Steel Ltd. (India) II-140
Corus Group Plc (UK) II-140
Thyssenkrupp Steel AG (Germany) II-141
United States Steel Corporation (USA) II-141

18. Global Market Perspective II-142
Table 54: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Steel by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, Latin America
and Africa Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
in Million Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-142

Table 55: World Long-term Projections for Steel by Geographic
Region - USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia- Pacific (excluding
Japan), Middle East, Latin America and Africa Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales in Million Metric
Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-143

Table 56: World Historic Review for Steel by Geographic
Region - USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Middle East, Latin America and Africa Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales in Million Metric
Tons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-144

Table 57: World 20-Year Perspective for Steel by Geographic
Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for USA, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East,
Latin America and Africa Markets for Years 1991, 1997, 2007 &
2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-145

Table 58: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Steel in Construction Sector by Geographic Region - USA,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle
East, Latin America and Africa Markets Independently Analyzed
with Annual Sales in Million Metric Tons for Years 2001
through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-146

Table 59: World Long-term Projections for Steel in
Construction Sector by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, Latin
America and Africa Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales in Million Metric Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-147

Table 60: World Historic Review for Steel in Construction
Sector by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, Latin America and
Africa Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales in
Million Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-148

Table 61: World 20-Year Perspective for Steel in Construction
Sector by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Volume
Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia- Pacific (excluding
Japan), Middle East, Latin America and Africa Markets for
Years 1991, 1997, 2007 & 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart)