Canned food in United Arab Emirates to 2011

Canned food in United Arab Emirates to 2011

Introduction

This databook is a detailed information resource covering all the key data points on Canned food in United Arab Emirates. It includes comprehensive value volume segmentation and market share data. The databook supplies actual data to 2006 and full forecasts to 2011.

Scope

Contains information on 7 categories: Canned fish/seafood, Desserts, Meat products, Pasta & noodles, Vegetables, Canned fruit & Canned ready meals Provides market value, volume, expenditure and consumption data by market, segment and subsegment Includes company and brand share data by categories

Highlights

The market for Canned food in United Arab Emirates increased between 2001-2006, growing at an average annual rate of 0.4%. The leading company in the market in 2006 was Nestle S.A. The second-largest player was General Mills, Inc. with Bolton Group in third place.

Reasons to Purchase

Discover the major quantitative trends affecting the Canned food markets Understand consumers' consumption and expenditure patterns Understand the future direction of the market with reliable historical data and full five year forecasting.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
Summary Market Level - Canned Food 2
Summary category level - Canned meat products 3
Summary category level - Canned fish/seafood 4
Summary category level - Canned fruit 5
Summary category level - Canned pasta & noodles 6
Summary category level - Canned ready meals 7
Summary category level - Canned vegetables 8
Chapter 2 INTRODUCTION 9
What is this report about? 9
How to use this report 9
Market Definition 10
Chapter 3 MARKET OVERVIEW 28
Value Analysis, 2001-2006 28
Value Analysis, 2006-2011 30
Value Analysis, US$ 2001-2006 33
Value Analysis, US$ 2006-2011 34
Volume Analysis, 2001-2006 36
Volume Analysis, 2006-2011 38
Company and Brand Share Analysis 42
Distribution Analysis 45
Expenditure & consumption per capita 47
Chapter 4 LEADING COMPANY PROFILES 53
Nestle S A 53
General Mills Inc 56
Chapter 5 CATEGORY ANALYSIS - CANNED MEAT PRODUCTS 59
Value Analysis, 2001-2006 59
Value Analysis, 2006-2011 60
Value Analysis, US$ 2001-2006 62
Value Analysis, US$ 2006-2011 62
Volume Analysis, 2001-2006 64
Volume Analysis, 2006-2011 65
Company and Brand Share Analysis 68
Distribution Analysis 70
Expenditure & consumption per capita 72
Chapter 6 CATEGORY ANALYSIS - CANNED FISH/SEAFOOD 75
Value Analysis, 2001-2006 75
Value Analysis, 2006-2011 76
Value Analysis, US$ 2001-2006 78
Value Analysis, US$ 2006-2011 79
Volume Analysis, 2001-2006 81
Volume Analysis, 2006-2011 82
Company and Brand Share Analysis 85
Distribution Analysis 87
Expenditure & consumption per capita 89
Chapter 7 CATEGORY ANALYSIS - CANNED FRUIT 93
Value Analysis, 2001-2006 93
Value Analysis, 2006-2011 94
Value Analysis, US$ 2001-2006 96
Value Analysis, US$ 2006-2011 97
Volume Analysis, 2001-2006 99
Volume Analysis, 2006-2011 100
Company and Brand Share Analysis 103
Distribution Analysis 105
Expenditure & consumption per capita 107
Chapter 8 CATEGORY ANALYSIS - CANNED PASTA & NOODLES 111
Value Analysis, 2001-2006 111
Value Analysis, 2006-2011 112
Value Analysis, US$ 2001-2006 114
Value Analysis, US$ 2006-2011 114
Volume Analysis, 2001-2006 115
Volume Analysis, 2006-2011 116
Company and Brand Share Analysis 118
Distribution Analysis 120
Expenditure & consumption per capita 122
Chapter 9 CATEGORY ANALYSIS - CANNED READY MEALS 125
Value Analysis, 2001-2006 125
Value Analysis, 2006-2011 126
Value Analysis, US$ 2001-2006 128
Value Analysis, US$ 2006-2011 129
Volume Analysis, 2001-2006 131
Volume Analysis, 2006-2011 132
Company and Brand Share Analysis 135
Distribution Analysis 137
Expenditure & consumption per capita 139
Chapter 10 CATEGORY ANALYSIS - CANNED VEGETABLES 145
Value Analysis, 2001-2006 145
Value Analysis, 2006-2011 147
Value Analysis, US$ 2001-2006 150
Value Analysis, US$ 2006-2011 151
Volume Analysis, 2001-2006 153
Volume Analysis, 2006-2011 155
Company and Brand Share Analysis 159
Distribution Analysis 162
Expenditure & consumption per capita 164
Chapter 11 COUNTRY COMPARISON 170
Value 170
Volume 175
Market Share 180
Chapter 12 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE 181
Country Overview 181
Key Facts 182
Political Overview 184
United Arab Emirates Economic Overview 185
Chapter 13 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES MACROECONOMIC PROFILE 186
Macroeconomic Indicators 186
Chapter 14 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 192
Methodology overview 192
Secondary research 193
Market modelling 194
Primary research 195
Data finalisation 195
Ongoing research 196
Chapter 15 APPENDIX 197
Future readings 197
How to contact experts in your industry 197

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: United Arab Emirates Canned food value & value forecast, 2001-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 32
Figure 2: United Arab Emirates Canned food category growth comparison, by value, 2001-2011 35
Figure 3: United Arab Emirates Canned food volume & volume forecast, 2001-2011 (Kg m) 40
Figure 4: United Arab Emirates Canned food category growth comparison, by volume, 2001-2011 41
Figure 5: United Arab Emirates Canned food company share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 43
Figure 6: United Arab Emirates Canned food distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006(AED m, nominal prices) 46
Figure 7: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products value & value forecast, 2001-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 61
Figure 8: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products category growth comparison, by value, 2001-2011 63
Figure 9: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products volume & volume forecast, 2001-2011 (Kg m) 66
Figure 10: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products category growth comparison, by volume, 2001-2011 67
Figure 11: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006(AED m, nominal prices) 71
Figure 12: United Arab Emirates Canned fish/seafood value & value forecast, 2001-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 77
Figure 13: United Arab Emirates Canned fish/seafood category growth comparison, by value, 2001-2011 80
Figure 14: United Arab Emirates Canned fish/seafood volume & volume forecast, 2001-2011 (Kg m) 83
Figure 15: United Arab Emirates Canned fish/seafood category growth comparison, by volume, 2001-2011 84
Figure 16: United Arab Emirates Canned fish/seafood distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006(AED m, nominal prices) 88
Figure 17: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit value & value forecast, 2001-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 95
Figure 18: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit category growth comparison, by value, 2001-2011 98
Figure 19: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit volume & volume forecast, 2001-2011 (Kg m) 101
Figure 20: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit category growth comparison, by volume, 2001-2011 102
Figure 21: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006(AED m, nominal prices) 106
Figure 22: United Arab Emirates Canned pasta & noodles value & value forecast, 2001-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 113
Figure 23: United Arab Emirates Canned pasta & noodles volume & volume forecast, 2001-2011 (Kg m) 117
Figure 24: United Arab Emirates Canned pasta & noodles distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006(AED m, nominal prices) 121
Figure 25: United Arab Emirates Canned ready meals value & value forecast, 2001-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 127
Figure 26: United Arab Emirates Canned ready meals category growth comparison, by value, 2001-2011 130
Figure 27: United Arab Emirates Canned ready meals volume & volume forecast, 2001-2011 (Kg m) 133
Figure 28: United Arab Emirates Canned ready meals category growth comparison, by volume, 2001-2011 134
Figure 29: United Arab Emirates Canned ready meals distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006(AED m, nominal prices) 138
Figure 30: United Arab Emirates Canned vegetables value & value forecast, 2001-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 149
Figure 31: United Arab Emirates Canned vegetables category growth comparison, by value, 2001-2011 152
Figure 32: United Arab Emirates Canned vegetables volume & volume forecast, 2001-2011 (Kg m) 157
Figure 33: United Arab Emirates Canned vegetables category growth comparison, by volume, 2001-2011 158
Figure 34: United Arab Emirates Canned vegetables company share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 160
Figure 35: United Arab Emirates Canned vegetables distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006(AED m, nominal prices) 163
Figure 36: Global Canned food market split (value terms, 2006) – Top 5 countries 171
Figure 37: Global Canned food market value, 2001 – 2006 (Top 5 countries) 174
Figure 38: Global Canned food market split (volume terms, 2006) – Top 5 countries 176
Figure 39: Global Canned food market volume, 2001 – 2006 (Top 5 countries) 179
Figure 40: Map of United Arab Emirates 183
Figure 41: Annual data review process 193

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Canned food category definitions 11
Table 2: Canned food distribution channels 12
Table 3: United Arab Emirates Canned food value, 2001-2006 (AED m, nominal prices) 29
Table 4: United Arab Emirates Canned food value forecast, 2006-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 31
Table 5: United Arab Emirates Canned food value, 2001-2006 (US$ m nominal prices) 33
Table 6: United Arab Emirates Canned food value forecast, 2006-2011 (US$ m nominal prices) 34
Table 7: United Arab Emirates Canned food volume, 2001-2006 (Kg m) 37
Table 8: United Arab Emirates Canned food volume forecast, 2006-2011 (Kg m) 39
Table 9: United Arab Emirates Canned food brand share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 42
Table 10: United Arab Emirates Canned food value, by brand 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 42
Table 11: United Arab Emirates Canned food company share by value, 2005-2006 (%) 44
Table 12: United Arab Emirates Canned food value, by company, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 44
Table 13: United Arab Emirates Canned food distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 45
Table 14: United Arab Emirates Canned food value, by distribution channel, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 45
Table 15: United Arab Emirates Canned food expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (AED, nominal prices) 47
Table 16: United Arab Emirates Canned food forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (AED, nominal prices) 48
Table 17: United Arab Emirates Canned food expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (US$ nominal prices) 49
Table 18: United Arab Emirates Canned food forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (US$ nominal prices) 50
Table 19: United Arab Emirates Canned food consumption per capita, 2001-2006 (Kg) 51
Table 20: United Arab Emirates Canned food forecast consumption per capita, 2006-2011 (Kg) 52
Table 21: Nestle S A Key Facts 53
Table 22: General Mills Inc Key Facts 56
Table 23: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products value, 2001-2006 (AED m, nominal prices) 59
Table 24: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products value forecast, 2006-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 60
Table 25: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products value, 2001-2006 (US$ m nominal prices) 62
Table 26: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products value forecast, 2006-2011 (US$ m nominal prices) 62
Table 27: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products volume, 2001-2006 (Kg m) 64
Table 28: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products volume forecast, 2006-2011 (Kg m) 65
Table 29: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products brand share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 68
Table 30: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products value, by brand 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 68
Table 31: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products company share by value, 2005-2006 (%) 69
Table 32: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products value, by company, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 69
Table 33: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 70
Table 34: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products value, by distribution channel, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 70
Table 35: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (AED, nominal prices) 72
Table 36: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (AED, nominal prices) 72
Table 37: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (US$ nominal prices) 73
Table 38: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (US$ nominal prices) 73
Table 39: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products consumption per capita, 2001-2006 (Kg) 74
Table 40: United Arab Emirates Canned meat products forecast consumption per capita, 2006-2011 (Kg) 74
Table 41: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood value, 2001-2006 (AED m, nominal prices) 75
Table 42: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood value forecast, 2006-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 76
Table 43: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood value, 2001-2006 (US$ m nominal prices) 78
Table 44: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood value forecast, 2006-2011 (US$ m nominal prices) 79
Table 45: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood volume, 2001-2006 (Kg m) 81
Table 46: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood volume forecast, 2006-2011 (Kg m) 82
Table 47: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood brand share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 85
Table 48: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood value, by brand 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 85
Table 49: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood company share by value, 2005-2006 (%) 86
Table 50: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood value, by company, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 86
Table 51: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 87
Table 52: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood value, by distribution channel, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 87
Table 53: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (AED, nominal prices) 89
Table 54: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (AED, nominal prices) 90
Table 55: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (US$ nominal prices) 90
Table 56: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (US$ nominal prices) 91
Table 57: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood consumption per capita, 2001-2006 (Kg) 91
Table 58: United Arab Emirates Canned Fish/Seafood forecast consumption per capita, 2006-2011 (Kg) 92
Table 59: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit value, 2001-2006 (AED m, nominal prices) 93
Table 60: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit value forecast, 2006-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 94
Table 61: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit value, 2001-2006 (US$ m nominal prices) 96
Table 62: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit value forecast, 2006-2011 (US$ m nominal prices) 97
Table 63: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit volume, 2001-2006 (Kg m) 99
Table 64: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit volume forecast, 2006-2011 (Kg m) 100
Table 65: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit brand share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 103
Table 66: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit value, by brand 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 103
Table 67: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit company share by value, 2005-2006 (%) 104
Table 68: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit value, by company, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 104
Table 69: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 105
Table 70: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit value, by distribution channel, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 105
Table 71: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (AED, nominal prices) 107
Table 72: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (AED, nominal prices) 108
Table 73: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (US$ nominal prices) 108
Table 74: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (US$ nominal prices) 109
Table 75: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit consumption per capita, 2001-2006 (Kg) 109
Table 76: United Arab Emirates Canned fruit forecast consumption per capita, 2006-2011 (Kg) 110
Table 77: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles value, 2001-2006 (AED m, nominal prices) 111
Table 78: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles value forecast, 2006-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 112
Table 79: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles value, 2001-2006 (US$ m nominal prices) 114
Table 80: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles value forecast, 2006-2011 (US$ m nominal prices) 114
Table 81: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles volume, 2001-2006 (Kg m) 115
Table 82: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles volume forecast, 2006-2011 (Kg m) 116
Table 83: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles brand share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 118
Table 84: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles value, by brand 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 118
Table 85: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles company share by value, 2005-2006 (%) 119
Table 86: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles value, by company, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 119
Table 87: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 120
Table 88: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles value, by distribution channel, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 120
Table 89: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (AED, nominal prices) 122
Table 90: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (AED, nominal prices) 122
Table 91: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (US$ nominal prices) 123
Table 92: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (US$ nominal prices) 123
Table 93: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles consumption per capita, 2001-2006 (Kg) 124
Table 94: United Arab Emirates canned pasta & noodles forecast consumption per capita, 2006-2011 (Kg) 124
Table 95: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals value, 2001-2006 (AED m, nominal prices) 125
Table 96: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals value forecast, 2006-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 126
Table 97: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals value, 2001-2006 (US$ m nominal prices) 128
Table 98: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals value forecast, 2006-2011 (US$ m nominal prices) 129
Table 99: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals volume, 2001-2006 (Kg m) 131
Table 100: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals volume forecast, 2006-2011 (Kg m) 132
Table 101: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals brand share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 135
Table 102: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals value, by brand 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 135
Table 103: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals company share by value, 2005-2006 (%) 136
Table 104: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals value, by company, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 136
Table 105: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 137
Table 106: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals value, by distribution channel, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 137
Table 107: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (AED, nominal prices) 139
Table 108: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (AED, nominal prices) 140
Table 109: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (US$ nominal prices) 141
Table 110: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (US$ nominal prices) 142
Table 111: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals consumption per capita, 2001-2006 (Kg) 143
Table 112: United Arab Emirates canned ready meals forecast consumption per capita, 2006-2011 (Kg) 144
Table 113: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables value, 2001-2006 (AED m, nominal prices) 146
Table 114: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables value forecast, 2006-2011 (AED m, nominal prices) 148
Table 115: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables value, 2001-2006 (US$ m nominal prices) 150
Table 116: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables value forecast, 2006-2011 (US$ m nominal prices) 151
Table 117: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables volume, 2001-2006 (Kg m) 154
Table 118: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables volume forecast, 2006-2011 (Kg m) 156
Table 119: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables brand share, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 159
Table 120: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables value, by brand 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 159
Table 121: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables company share by value, 2005-2006 (%) 161
Table 122: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables value, by company, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 161
Table 123: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables distribution channels, by value, 2005-2006 (%) 162
Table 124: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables value, by distribution channel, 2005-2006 (AED m nominal prices) 162
Table 125: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (AED, nominal prices) 164
Table 126: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (AED, nominal prices) 165
Table 127: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables expenditure per capita, 2001-2006 (US$ nominal prices) 166
Table 128: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables forecast expenditure per capita, 2006-2011 (US$ nominal prices) 167
Table 129: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables consumption per capita, 2001-2006 (Kg) 168
Table 130: United Arab Emirates Canned Vegetables forecast consumption per capita, 2006-2011 (Kg) 169
Table 131: Global Canned food market value, 2006 170
Table 132: Global Canned food market split (value terms (US$ m), 2006) – Top 5 countries 173
Table 133: Global Canned food market volume, 2006 175
Table 134: Global Canned food market split (volume terms, 2006) – Top 5 countries 178
Table 135: Leading players - Top 5 countries 180
Table 136: United Arab Emirates Key Facts 182
Table 137: United Arab Emirates population, by age group, 2000-2005 (millions) 186
Table 138: United Arab Emirates population forecast, by age group, 2005-2010 (millions) 187
Table 139: United Arab Emirates population, by gender, 2000-2005 (millions) 187
Table 140: United Arab Emirates population forecast, by gender, 2005-2010 (millions) 188
Table 141: United Arab Emirates real GDP, 2000-2005 (AED bn, 2005 prices) 188
Table 142: United Arab Emirates real GDP forecast, 2005-2010 (AED bn, 2005 prices) 189
Table 143: United Arab Emirates nominal GDP, 2000-2005 (AED bn, nominal prices) 189
Table 144: United Arab Emirates real GDP, 2000-2005 (US$ bn, 2005 prices) 190
Table 145: United Arab Emirates real GDP forecast, 2005-2010 (US$ bn, 2005 prices) 190
Table 146: United Arab Emirates consumer price index, 2000-2005 (2000=100) 191
Table 147: United Arab Emirates consumer price index, 2005-2010 (2000=100) 191
Table 148: United Arab Emirates exchange rate, 2000-2005 191