World Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs Market

World Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs Market

This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Opthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs in US$ Million. The major therapeutic categories analyzed are Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye, and Others. The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Rest of World. Annual forecasts are provided for each region for the period of 2000 through 2015. The report profiles 96 companies including many key and niche players worldwide such as Akorn, Inc., Alcon Eye Care, Inc., Allergan, Inc., Alimera Sciences, Inc., Bausch & Lomb, Inc., Genvec, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc., ISTA Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Ophthalmics, Opko Health, Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., QLT, Inc., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., and Santen Inc. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are mostly extracted from URL research and reported select online sources.

OPHTHALMIC PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS MCP-1490
A GLOBAL STRATEGIC BUSINESS REPORT


CONTENTS


I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS
Study Reliability and Reporting Limitations I-1
Disclaimers I-2
Data Interpretation & Reporting Level I-2
Quantitative Techniques & Analytics I-2
Product Definitions and Scope of Study I-3

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Industry Overview II-1
A Curtain Raiser II-1
Drugs Developed in the Recent Past II-1
What the Future Holds in Store? II-2
Where Does the Opportunity Lie? II-2
In the Shifting Demographics II-2
Which Disease Segment Offers Abundant Opportunities for R&D
Initiatives II-3
Leading Companies & Their Areas of Research Interest/Focus II-4
Business Opportunities in Ophthalmology: A Fact Sheet II-4
Impediments in Picking the Ripe & Low Hanging Opportunities II-4
Low Patient Compliance II-4
What’s the Antidote to Low Patient Compliance? II-5
Innovation in Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals: How Does It Help
Patients? II-5
An Unequivocal Discussion About Ocular Drug Design and Delivery II-6
Why Understanding of the Metabolic Activity of the Eye is
Important? II-6
Pitfalls of Traditional Ocular Treatment II-7
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: A Recapitulation of Facts II-7
Antidotes to Low Delivery of Ocular Drugs & High Side Effects II-8
Prodrug II-9
Soft Drugs (SDs) II-9
Soft Corticosteroids II-9
Drug Penetration Enhancers II-10
Chitosan Based Drugs & Drug Delivery Systems II-10
How Chitosan is used to Improve Ocular Drug Retention On
the Eye’s Surface? II-10
The Future of Ophthalmic Drug Delivery II-11
A Straight Talk About Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Technologies II-11
High Flying Expectations of Blistering Pace of Drug
Development Grounded II-11
First Generation Advancements Made in Ocular Drugs II-12
Second Generation Advancements Made in Ocular Drugs II-12
Limiting Factors II-13

2. Market Dynamics II-14
Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals Poised to Encounter Days of Plenty II-14
Ophthalmic Inserts Flaunt the Potential to Eclipse the
Popularity of Eye Drops II-14
Rising Incidences of Glaucoma: A Business Case for Ophthalmic
Drugs II-15
Aging Population & Environmental Factors Drive Growth II-15
Increase in Health Care Spending II-15
Opportunities Abound in the Developing Countries II-16
Innovative Products Lend Traction to Growth II-16
Reimbursements: “Under the Umbrella” II-16
Pricing Statistics On Select Ophthalmic Drugs in the United
States for the Year 2006 II-17
Price Changes for Select Ophthalmic Drugs in the Year 2005 II-18

3. An Overview of Ophthalmic Drugs II-19
Anti Viral Drugs II-19
Adenoviral Infections II-19
Herpes Simplex Virus II-19
Herpes Zoster (Varicella Zoster Disease) II-19
Corticosteroids II-19
Loteprednol II-20
Prednisolone II-20
Dexamethasone II-21
Fluorometholones II-21
Fluorometholone Alcohol II-21
Fluorometholone Acetate II-21
Rimexolone II-22
Clinical Efficacy of Steroids II-22
Topical Corticosteroid Drugs II-22
Tapering of Steroid Intake II-23
Non-Steroids Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) II-23
Use of Topical NSAIDs II-24
Topical & Systemic NSAIDs II-24
Ketorolac: A Potent NSAID II-24
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs II-24
Antibiotics II-25
Sodium Sulfacetamide II-25
Sulfisoxazole II-25
Bacitracin II-26
Bacitracin and Polymyxin B: A Powerful Duo II-26
Bacitracin, Polymyxin B and Neomycin: Three To Tango II-26
Trimethoprim with Polymyxin B II-26
Chloramphenicol II-27
Erythromycin II-27
Gentamicin and Tobramycin II-27
Fluoroquinolones II-28
Types of Fluoroquinolones II-28
Ciprofloxacin II-28
Gatifloxacin II-28
Levofloxacin II-28
Moxifloxacin II-29
Ofloxacin II-29
Topical Antibiotic Drugs II-29
Ophthalmic Antihistamines II-30
Azelastine II-30
Emedastine II-30
Epinastine II-30
Ketotifen II-30
Olopatadine II-30
Ophthalmic Mast-Cell Stabilizers II-31
Cromolyn II-31
Nedocromil Sodium II-31
Pemirolast II-31
Drugs to Treat Glaucoma II-31
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers or "Beta Blockers" II-31
Timolol II-32
Levobunolol II-32
Carteolol II-32
Metipranolol II-32
Betaxolol II-33
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists II-33
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors II-33
Acetazolamide II-34
Dorzolamide II-34
Acetazolamide & Dorzolamide: How Good Is the Combo? II-34
Miotics II-34
Prostaglandins II-34
Mydriatics & Cycloplegics II-35
Side Effects II-35
Over-The-Counter (OTC) Ophthalmic Preparations II-36
Artificial Tears II-36
Lubricating Ointments II-36
Mast Cell Stabilizers II-36
Antihistamines II-37
Phenylephrine II-37
Naphazoline II-37
Xylometazoline II-37
Astringents II-37
Over-The-Counter Ophthalmic Preparations II-38
A Directory Listing of Major Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs II-39
Formulary Anti- Glaucoma Drugs II-39
Non-Formulary Anti- Glaucoma Drugs II-40
Formulary Topical Anti-Glaucoma Drugs II-40
Formulary Ophthalmic Antiinfective/Corticosteroids Drugs II-41
Non-Formulary Ophthalmic Antiinfective/ Corticosteroids Drugs II-41
Formulary Ophthalmic Corticosteroid Drugs II-42
Non-Formulary Ophthalmic Corticosteroid Drugs II-42
Formulary Ophthalmic Topical Antibacterial Drugs II-43
Non-Formulary Ophthalmic Topical Antibacterial Drugs II-44
Formulary Ophthalmic Topical Antiviral Drugs II-44
Other Ophthalmic Formulary Drugs II-44
Other Ophthalmic Non-Formulary Drugs II-45
New Drugs In the Pipeline II-47

4. Ophthalmic Disorders: A Freeze Frame II-48
The Human Eye: A Remarkable & Intriguing Organ of Sight II-48
The Outer Layer II-48
The Middle Layer II-48
The Inner Layer II-49
Common Ophthalmic Disorders: An Exposition II-49
Cataract II-49
Causes II-49
Types of Cataract II-50
Treatment Strategies II-50
How Widespread is the Disease? II-51
Glaucoma II-51
Who’s At Risk? II-51
Types of Glaucoma II-52
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) II-52
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (AACG) II-52
Congenital Glaucoma II-52
Secondary Glaucoma II-53
Treatment Strategies II-53
Anti- Glaucoma Ophthalmic Drugs II-54
How Widespread is the Disease? II-54
Table 1: Prevalence of Glaucoma in the World: Year 1999 and
2006 A Comparison (In 000 Individuals) (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-55
Is Marijuana A Potential Cure? II-56
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) II-56
Types of AMD II-56
Dry AMD (Non-Neovascular) II-56
Wet AMD (Neovascular) II-56
Causes II-57
Treatment Strategies II-57
Nutrition & AMD II-58
Diabetic Retinopathy II-58
Treatment Strategies II-58
How Widespread is the Disease? II-59
Ocular Allergies II-59
Treatment Strategies II-59
Immunotherapy: A Popular Anti-Allergy Treatment Approach II-60
Ocular Inflammation: A Symptom of Ocular Allergies II-60
How Can Allergies Be Prevented? II-61
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) II-61
Types of Conjunctivitis II-62
Pathogenesis II-62
Treatment Strategies II-62
Keratitis II-63
Types of Keratitis II-63
Treatment Strategies II-64
Dry Eye II-64
Why Are Tears So Crucial for Normal Eye Health? II-65
What Causes Dry Eye? II-65
Treatment Strategies II-65
Refractive Errors II-66
Causes for Refractive error II-66
Treatment for Refractive Errors II-66
Cost of Treatment II-67
Factors contributing to the Difference in Surgery Costs II-67

5. FDA Regulations and Approvals II-68
Novagali Obtains FDA Approval of Nova22007 IND for Ph III Trial II-68
Alimera Conducts Phase III Medidur Trial II-68
ISTA Pharmaceuticals Files NDA for Xibrom™ QD II-68
AzaSite Receives FDA Approval II-68
Alimera Sciences Receives FDA Approval II-69
Alcon Receives Approval for Vegamox™ Ophthalmic Solution in Japan II-69
Alcon Receives Marketing Approval for Patanol® in Japan II-69
Allergan Receives FDA Approval for Lumigan® II-69
Allergan’s Ganfort® Receives Pan European License II-69
Pfizer Receives Approval from EC to Market Macugen® II-70
Akorn Gets Nod for Conducting Clinical Trial of AK-1015 II-70
Genentech ‘s Lucentis Receives FDA Approval II-70
MacuSight Receives FDA Approval for IND Application of Sirolimus II-70
Sami Labs Receives Approval for Ocufors II-70
Toyamo and Nidek Obtain Manufacturing Approval for Quinolone
Ophthalmic Solutions II-70
Alcon's NEVANAC Receives FDA Approval II-71
Fougera Obtains Approval for MetroGel® II-71
Allergan’s Alphagan P Receives FDA Approval II-71
Santen Obtains Approval for Manufacturing and Marketing PAPILOCK II-71
Alcon Receives FDA Approval for Adding Susceptible Pathogens
to VIGAMOX II-71
BOL Receives FDA Approval for Ofloxacin II-71
Hi-Tech Pharmacal Receives FDA Clearance for Ofloxacin
Ophthalmic Solution II-72
Vision Blue and DORC International Receives FDA Approval for
Trypan Blue II-72
Pfizer Receives FDA Nod for Macugen® II-72
Bausch & Lomb Bags FDA Approval for its Zylet™ II-72
Alcon Receives Approval for Olopatadine (Patanol) II-72
Pharmacia Receives FDA Approval for Latanoprost Ophthalmic
Solution II-72
US FDA Approves Allergan’s New Acular LS 0.4% for Ocular Pain
Reduction II-73
Allergan Obtains FDA Approval for Zymar II-73

6. Product Innovations/Introductions II-74
Inspire Pharmaceuticals Rolls Out AzaSite™ for Ocular Infections II-74
Reckitt Benckiser Launches Two Eye Care Products II-74
Alcon Launches DUOTRAV for Glaucoma Treatment II-74
Rohto Pharmaceutical Launches Switch OTC Ophthalmic Drug II-74
Indoco Remedies to Launch Ophthalmic Drugs in America II-74
Akorn Launches Ophthalmic Drug Products II-74
AlphaRx Formulates the Ophthalmic Product, Binoxan™ II-75
Alimera Sciences Introduces Online Consumer Ordering Facility II-75
Fougera Adds Two Novel Products to its Ophthalmic Product Line II-75
Micro Vision Launches Anti-Glaucoma Drugs II-75
ISTA Pharmaceuticals Launches Istalol for Glaucoma Treatment
in the US II-75
Falcon Unveils Trifluridine Ophthalmic Solution, 1% II-75
Alimera Sciences Unveils Soothe™ Emollient Eye Drops II-75
Novartis Introduces Zaditen in Japan II-76
Falcon Releases Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution, 0.2% II-76
Taiwanese Researchers Introduces Thermosensitive Ophthalmic Drop II-76
Alcon Introduces Systane Lubricant Eye Drops II-76
Allergan Releases Restasis for Dry Eye Treatment II-76
Biosyntrx Launches BioTears II-76
Novartis to Introduce Pirenzepine Ophthalmic Gel II-76

7. Recent Industry Activity II-77
Bausch & Lomb Acquires IOL Maker, Eyeonics II-77
Akorn Inks Manufacture &Supply Agreement for Ophthalmic Solution II-77
CrystalGenomics Enters Into R&D Agreement with Bausch & Lomb II-77
Genaera Corporation Quits Evizon Clinical Trials II-77
Eyetech Inc Divests Anti-Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
Aptamer Program II-77
Amneal, Indoco Agree to Develop & Market Generic Ophthalmic Drugs II-77
Bausch & Lomb Acquire Soothe Products from Alimera II-78
Froptix, Acuity, eXegenics Merge to Form Opko Corporation II-78
Alimera, Emory Collaborate Over Potential Ophthalmic
Treatments Using Novel Antioxidants II-78
Santen Signs Agreement with Vistakon Pharmaceuticals for US
Launch of Iquix® II-79
Inspire Pharmaceuticals Rolls Out AzaSite™ for Ocular Infections II-79
QLT Takes Over Forsight Newco II, Inc II-79
Phase IV Clinical Trials Of Macugen® II-79
Results Of Phase II Clinical Trials - Macugen® II-79
Macugen® Receives European Regulatory Approval II-80
Bausch & Lomb Purchases OTC Allergy Drugs of Alimera II-80
Phase II Trial of Acuity Pharmaceutical’s Bevasiranib II-80
Advanced Refractive Technologies Acquires a Subsidiary of UTEK
Corporation II-80
Sirion Therapeutics Acquires Sytera II-81
Teva Pharmaceuticals Acquires Ivax II-81
Alcon Enters into an Agreement with Amgen II-81
QLT Signs an Agreement with Retinagenix II-81
NicOx Enters into Licensing Agreement with Pfizer II-81
OccuLogix Signs Agreement to Acquire SOLX II-81
ISTA Receives License from Senju for Allergy Treatments II-82
Acuity Receives License for Nchlorotaurine II-82
Akorn and AVR Enter into Commercial Manufacturing & Supply
Agreement II-82
Lantibio Signs Agreement with TRB Chemedica II-82
Argentis and Southern College of Optometry Enter into Agreement II-82
Bausch & Lomb Enters into Marketing Agreement with Novartis II-82
Santen Pharmaceuticals and Ube Industries to Develop Glaucoma
Therapy Jointly II-82
Santen Pharmaceutical and CytoPathfinder Signs an Agreement II-83
Kalypsys Inks an Agreement with Alcon, Inc II-83
Combination RX Enters into a Collaboration Agreement with Fovea II-83
Par Pharmaceutical Joins Force with Spectrum Pharmaceuticals II-83
Isotechnika Sells Eye Drug Rights to Lux Biosciences II-83
Alimera Sciences Collaborates With CYNACON II-83
Novartis Inks an In-Licensing Agreement with Otsuka II-84
Alimera Sciences Commences Phase III Trials for Medidur™ II-84
SurModics Acquires InnoRx II-84
Bausch & Lomb Acquires Shandong Chia Tai Freda Pharmaceutical
Group II-84
OSI Pharmaceuticals Takes Over Eyetech Pharmaceuticals II-84
Pfizer Acquires Angiosyn II-85
Bausch & Lomb Collaborates with PTC Therapeutics II-85
AMRI Enters into Research Collaboration with Alcon II-85
Bausch & Lomb Bags License from Cephalon II-85
PediaMed and Allergan Sign a Co-Promotion Agreement II-85
SurModics Bags Option to Acquire Exclusive Rights from Rutgers
University II-85
Sankyo Co. and Santen Pharmaceutical Sign Agreement II-85
Acuity Pharmaceuticals Enters into Agreement with Intradigm
Corporation II-86
Apotex Inks Marketing Agreement with Akorn II-86
Novartis Enters into an Agreement with Senju Pharmaceutical II-86
Novartis Strikes a Licensing Deal with Otsuka Pharmaceutical II-86
Custom RX recalls Trypan Blue 0.06% Ophthalmic Solution II-86
AMO Takes Over VISX II-86
Advanced Medical Optics Acquires Ophthalmic Surgical Business
of Pfizer II-86
Santen to Take Over Marketing Rights of Rescula from R-Tech Ueno II-87
Alimera Sciences Inks Co-promotion Agreement with VISTAKON
Pharmaceuticals II-87
Akorn Inks a Purchase and Supply Agreement with FDC II-87
ISTA Pharmaceuticals Receives Marketing License From Senju
Pharmaceuticals II-87
Pfizer Inc Acquires Pharmacia Corp II-87
Allergan Takes Over Oculex Pharmaceuticals II-87
Allergan Enters into an Agreement with Acadia II-87

8. Focus on Select Global Players II-88
Akorn, Inc. (USA) II-88
Alcon Eye Care, Inc. (USA) II-88
Allergan, Inc. (USA) II-89
Alimera Sciences, Inc. (USA) II-90
Bausch & Lomb, Inc. (USA) II-90
Genvec, Inc. (USA) II-91
GlaxoSmithKline Plc (UK) II-91
Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (USA) II-91
ISTA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (USA) II-91
Merck & Co., Inc. (USA) II-92
Novartis Ophthalmics (Canada) II-92
Opko Health, Inc (USA) II-93
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Japan) II-93
Pfizer Inc. (USA) II-93
QLT, Inc. (Canada) II-93
Santen Pharmaceutical Co. (Japan) II-94
Santen Inc. (USA) II-94

9. Global Market Perspective II-95
Table 2: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2000 through
2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-95

Table 3: World Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest
of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-96

Table 4: World 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Geographic Region - Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-97

Table 5: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Glaucoma by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in US$ Million for Years 2000 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-98

Table 6: World Long-term Projections for Glaucoma by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-99

Table 7: World 10-Year Perspective for Glaucoma by Geographic
Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-100

Table 8: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Anti-allergy by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in US$ Million for Years 2000 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-101

Table 9: World Long-term Projections for Anti-Allergy by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-102

Table 10: World 10-Year Perspective for Anti-allergy by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008
and 2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-103

Table 11: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Anti-infective by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest
of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2000 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-104

Table 12: World Long-term Projections for Anti-Infective by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-105

Table 13: World 10-Year Perspective for Anti-infective by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008
and 2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-106

Table 14: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Dry Eye by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in US$ Million for Years 2000 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-107

Table 15: World Long-term Projections for Dry Eye by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-108

Table 16: World 10-Year Perspective for Dry Eye by Geographic
Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-109

Table 17: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Anti-inflammation by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest
of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2000 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-110

Table 18: World Long-term Projections for Anti-Inflammation by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-111

Table 19: World 10-Year Perspective for Anti-inflammation by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008
and 2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-112

Table 20: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Back of Eye by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in US$ Million for Years 2000 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-113

Table 21: World Long-term Projections for Back of Eye by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-114

Table 22: World 10-Year Perspective for Back of Eye by
Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008
and 2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-115

Table 23: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Other Treatment Category by Geographic Region - US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2000 through 2010
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-116

Table 24: World Long-term Projections for Other Treatment
Category by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-117

Table 25: World 10-Year Perspective for Other Treatment
Category by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar
Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America and Rest of World Markets for Years
2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-118

III. MARKET

1. The United States III-1
A.Market Analysis III-1
Outlook III-1
Emphasis on Greater Awareness About Ophthalmic Disorders III-1
Growth Drivers In a Capsule III-1
Impediments to Growth III-1
Market Fact Sheet III-2
Glaucoma Market: A Primer III-2
Awareness Among Patients III-3
High Costs III-3
Treatment Patterns Adopted By Doctors III-3
The All Consuming Issue of Compliance III-3
Drug Brands & Their Patience Compliance Scores. III-4
Market Share Statistics III-4
The New Batting Order III-4
Table 26: The US Market for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical
Drugs (2004-2007): Percentage Market Share Breakdown of
Leading Players - Alcon Laboratories, Allergan, Novartis
Pharmaceutical, Pfizer/OSI Pharmaceuticals, Bausch & Lomb
Pharmaceuticals, and Others (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-4

Table 27: Top 10 Brands of Eye/Lens Care in the US:
Breakdown of Dollar and Unit Sales Through Drug Stores,
Supermarkets and Discount Stores For the Year Ended
November 2007 (In US$ 000 and Thousand Units) III-5

Table 28: Top 5 Eye Care Products in the US: Breakdown of
Dollar Sales Through Food, Drug and Mass Market Channels
for the Year Ended July 2007 (In US$ Million) (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5

Table 29: Age-Related Wet Macular Degeneration Market in
the United States (2004-2006): Percentage Market Share
Breakdown of Leading Players - QLT Inc/Novartis
Pharmaceutical Corp, and Eyetech Pharmaceuticals (OSI) /
Pfizer. III-6

Table 30: Ocular Allergy Market in the United States
(2004-2007): Percentage Market Share Breakdown of Leading
Players - Alcon Laboratories, Novartis Pharmaceutical,
Bausch & Lomb Pharmaceuticals, Allergan, Santen, and
Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-6

Table 31: Ocular NSAIDs (Topical Non-Steroidal
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) Market in the United States (2005
& 2006): Percentage Market Share Breakdown of Leading
Players - Allergan, Inc. Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp.,
Alcon Laboratories, Inc., and ISTA Pharmaceuticals
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-7

Table 32: Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market in the
United States (2006, 2009 & 2012): Dollar Sales of Major
Branded Drugs - Visudyne, Macugen, and Lucentis (In US$
Million) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-7
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market in the United
States (2006) - New Brands Expected to hit the Market III-7
Update On Drugs & Their Manufacturers in the US III-8
Patent Expirations of Key Ophthalmic Product Brands in the
United States III-8
Major Anti-Glaucoma Drugs Available in the United States:
Year 2006 III-8
Major Drugs Available in the United States for the
Treatment of AMD: Year 2005 III-9
Drugs in the Pipeline for the Treatment of AMD in the
United States: Year 2005 III-9
Major Drugs Available in the United States for the Control
of Dry Eye: Year 2005 III-9
US Market for Dry Eye: Drugs in the Pipeline Year 2005 III-10
Companies Actively Involved in Manufacturing Drugs for Dry
Eye: Year 2005 III-10
Major Drugs Available in the United States for the
Treatment of Ocular Allergies: Year 2005 III-10
US Market for Ocular Allergies: Drugs in the Pipeline: Year
2005 III-11
Statistical Findings On Ophthalmic Diseases in the United
States III-12
Table 33: Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration:
Percentage Breakdown by Wet AMD & Intermediate Dry AMD by
Age Group for the Year 2005 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-12

Table 34: Prevalence of Age-Related Wet Macular
Degeneration in the United States for the Years 2006, 2009,
& 2012 (In Millions of Individuals) (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-12

Table 35: Number of Individuals Treated for Wet AMD in the
United States (In Thousands) for the Years 2006, 2009 &
2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-12

Table 36: Prevalence of Ocular Hypertension (OHT) in the
United States for the Years 2006, 2009, & 2011 (In Millions
of Individuals) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-13

Table 37: Prevalence of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
in the United States for the Years 2006, 2009, & 2011 (In
Millions of Individuals) (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-13

Table 38: Prevalence of Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG) in
the United States for the Years 2006, 2009, & 2011 (In
Thousand Individuals) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-13

Table 39: Prevalence of Exfoliative Glaucoma (EG) in the
United States for the Years 2006, 2009, & 2011 (In Thousand
Individuals) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-13

Table 40: Prevalence of Pigmentary Glaucoma (PG) in the
United States for the Years 2006, 2009, & 2011 (In Thousand
Individuals) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-14

Table 41: Number of Individuals Treated for Glaucoma in the
United Sates (2006, 2009 and 2011): Breakdown by Type -
Ocular Hypertension (OHT), Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
(POAG), Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), Pigmentary Glaucoma
(PG) and Exfoliative Glaucoma (EG) (In 000 Individuals)
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-14

Table 42: Prevalence of Ocular Allergy in the United States
for the Years 2006, 2009, & 2012 (In Millions of
Individuals) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-14

Table 43: Number of Individuals Treated for Ocular Allergy
in the United States (In Million) for the Years 2006, 2009
& 2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-15

Table 44: Prevalence of Cataract in the United States:
Percentage Breakdown by Age Group for the Year 2005
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-15

Table 45: Prevalence of Cataract in the United States for
the Years 2006, 2009, & 2012 (In Millions of Individuals)
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-15

Table 46: Number of Individuals Treated for Cataract With
Ocular NSAIDs (Topical Non- Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory
Drugs) in the United States for the Years 2006, 2009 & 2012
((In Millions) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-15

Table 47: Prevalence of Dry Eye in the United States for
the Years 2006, 2009, & 2012 (In Millions of Individuals)
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-16

Table 48: Number of Individuals Treated for Dry Eye in the
United States (In 000s) for the Years 2006, 2009 & 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-16
FDA Approvals III-16
Product Launches III-21
Strategic Corporate Developments III-23
Key Players III-33
B.Market Analytics III-40
Table 49: US Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category -
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-40

Table 50: US Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-41

Table 51: US 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category- Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-42

2. Canada III-43
A.Market Analysis III-43
Outlook III-43
Lack of Awareness: A Key Issue III-43
Key Players III-43
Strategic Corporate Developments III-44
B.Market Analytics III-45
Table 52: Canadian Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis
for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category-
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-45

Table 53: Canadian Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-46

Table 54: Canadian 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-47

3. Japan III-48
A.Market Analysis III-48
Outlook III-48
Growth Drivers III-48
Market Data Statistics III-48
Leading Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Brands In the Market III-48
Table 55: Japanese Market for Prescription Ophthalmic
Drugs: Percentage Breakdown by Therapeutic Area -
Glaucoma, Infection, Corneal Disorder, Ocular Allergy,
Surgical Preparation, Steroid, Cataract, and Others.
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-48
Product Launches III-49
Strategic Corporate Developments III-49
Key Players III-50
B.Market Analytics III-51
Table 56: Japanese Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis
for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category-
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-51

Table 57: Japanese Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-52

Table 58: Japanese 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category- Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-53

4. Europe III-54
A.Market Analysis III-54
Outlook III-54
A Market Primer III-54
Drug Reimbursement in Europe III-54
Key Player III-55
B.Market Analytics III-56
Table 59: European Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis
for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Country/Region -
France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain and Rest of Europe Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-56

Table 60: European Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Country/Region - France, Germany,
Italy, UK, Spain and Rest of Europe Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-57

Table 61: European 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Country/Region - Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK,
Spain and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2003, 2008 and
2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-58

Table 62: European Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis
for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category-
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-59

Table 63: European Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-60

Table 64: European 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category- Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-61

4a. France III-62
A.Market Analysis III-62
Outlook III-62
Strategic Corporate Development III-62
B.Market Analytics III-63
Table 65: French Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis
for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category-
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-63

Table 66: French Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-64

Table 67: French 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category- Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-65

4b. Germany III-66
Market Analysis III-66
Table 68: German Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis
for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category-
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-66

Table 69: German Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-67

Table 70: German 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category- Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-68

4c. The United Kingdom III-69
A.Market Analysis III-69
Outlook III-69
Key Player III-69
B.Market Analytics III-69
Table 71: UK Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for
Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category-
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-69

Table 72: UK Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-70

Table 73: UK 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category- Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-71

4d. Italy III-72
Market Analysis III-72
Table 74: Italian Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis
for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category-
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-72

Table 75: Italian Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-73

Table 76: Italian 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category- Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-74

4e. Spain III-75
A.Market Analysis III-75
Outlook III-75
How & Why the Health Insurance System in Spain is Conducive? III-75
Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Reforms in Spain (1996-2002) III-75
B.Market Analytics III-76
Table 77: Spanish Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis
for Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category-
Glaucoma, Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye,
Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2000 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-76

Table 78: Spanish Long-term Projections for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category - Glaucoma,
Anti-allergy, Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation,
Back of Eye and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-77

Table 79: Spanish 10-Year Perspective for Ophthalmic
Pharmaceutical Drugs by Therapeutic Category- Percentage
Breakdown of Dollar Sales for Glaucoma, Anti-allergy,
Anti-infective, Dry Eye, Anti-inflammation, Back of Eye and
Others for Years 2003, 2008 and 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-78

4f. Rest of Europe