World Hydrogen Industry

• Publication date: July 2012
• Report size: 345 pages

Global demand to rise 4.1% annually through 2016 Global demand for hydrogen is forecast to expand 4.1 percent per annum through 2016 to 286 billion cubic meters valued at $43.2 billion. Growth in hydrogen demand will benefit from strong activity in the petroleum sector, its principal consumer, where increasing demand for low sulfur fuels in response to stricter environmental regulations will increase the amount of hydrogen require...

Global demand to rise 4.1% annually through 2016

Global demand for hydrogen is forecast to expand 4.1 percent per annum through 2016 to 286 billion cubic meters valued at $43.2 billion. Growth in hydrogen demand will benefit from strong activity in the petroleum sector, its principal consumer, where increasing demand for low sulfur fuels in response to stricter environmental regulations will increase the amount of hydrogen required to produce them. Favorable demand fundamentals for hydrogen also exist in chemical manufacturing applications, and production of semiconductors, float glass, metal components and food processing.

Merchant market poised for growth while captive consumption dominates

Petroleum refineries around the world are consuming greater quantities of hydrogen and this represents the most significant opportunity to merchant suppliers of the gas. Of the 52.3 billion cubic meters of overall demand growth in hydrogen by 2016, 35 percent will be met by merchant suppliers. Merchant and on-purpose hydrogen generated by oil refineries will still account for 78 percent of worldwide hydrogen consumption in 2016. Nonrefinery applications for hydrogen combined for 21 percent of total consumption in 2011. Of this, chemical manufacturing (exclusive of ammonia and methanol production) accounted for 12 percent; the remaining 9 percent was accounted for by other manufacturing processes and non-manufacturing applications. Nonchemical manufacturing industries that use hydrogen include float glass, metal components, semiconductors, and food processing.

Asia/Pacific region to be leading hydrogen market

The rapid growth of many economies in the Asia/Pacific region -- especially those of China and India -- will make this region the world’s largest hydrogen consumer by 2013. Western Europe is third among the world’s hydrogen consumers. In the Central and South American region, above average growth in hydrogen consumption will be led by the Brazilian economy; in Eastern Europe the economies of Russia, Ukraine, Poland and Romania will lead the region in hydrogen gains; and growth in the Africa/Mideast region will be led by the oil-rich economies of Saudi Arabia and Iran, as well as the growing industrialized economies of South Africa and Turkey.

Hydrogen economy gains a foothold

The phrase “hydrogen economy” refers to programs or initiatives aimed at using hydrogen as an energy carrier to replace hydrocarbon fuels and reduce emissions produced by their consumption. Technologies such as fuel cells developed for cars, buses, power generation and other applications, along with the infrastructural implications of their broad and increasing use, are being demonstrated in many countries around the world. Although the market impact of global, massive deployment of the hydrogen economy on hydrogen demand is beyond the time horizon of this report, activities related to the hydrogen economy are covered on a country by country basis, where applicable.

Study coverage

Details on these and other findings are contained in the upcoming Freedonia industry study, World Hydrogen, presents historical demand data (2001, 2006 and 2011) plus forecasts for 2016 and 2021 by application, source (captive, merchant), market, world region, and for 17 countries. The study also considers key market environment factors, evaluates company market share, and profiles global industry competitors, including Air Liquide, Air Products and Chemicals, Linde Group, and Praxair.

Global Industrial Gases Industry

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ix

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

II. MARKET ENVIRONMENT 4
General 4
World Economic Overview 6
Recent Historical Trends 6
World Economic Outlook 8
World Population Overview 12
World Manufacturing Overview 14
World Chemical Manufacturing Outlook 16
World Energy Outlook 18
World Petroleum Refining Outlook 22
World Fuel Cell Outlook 25
World Motor Vehicle Outlook 29
Hydrogen-Powered Motor Vehicles 32
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles 33
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles 35
Environmental & Regulatory Issues 36
Codes & Standards 40

III. WORLD HYDROGEN OVERVIEW 42
General 42
World Hydrogen Demand by Region 46
World Hydrogen Demand by Market 51
Petroleum Refining 53
Petroleum Refining Processes 56
Chemical Manufacturing 58
Other Markets for Hydrogen 61
Manufacturing 63
All Other 66
The Hydrogen Economy 67
General 68
Fuel Cells 70
Electric Power Generation 72
Motor Vehicles 73
Other Transportation Equipment 74
Industrial Stationary & Motive Power 74
Portable Electronics 75
Other 76
Hydrogen Production Methods 77
Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons 77
Hydrogen from Water 79
Hydrogen from Other Sources 81
Hydrogen Storage 82
Pricing Trends 85

IV. NORTH AMERICA 87
Macroeconomic Environment 87
Hydrogen Demand 90
Suppliers & Market Share 92
United States 94
Canada 104
Mexico 111

V. WESTERN EUROPE 119
Macroeconomic Environment 119
Hydrogen Demand 122
Suppliers & Market Share 126
Germany 128
Italy 137
France 144
United Kingdom 150
The Netherlands 157
Spain 164
Other Western Europe 170

VI. ASIA/PACIFIC 179
Macroeconomic Environment 179
Hydrogen Demand 183
Suppliers & Market Share 186
China 190
Japan 199
India 209
South Korea 217
Taiwan 225
Australia 231
Other Asia/Pacific 238

VII. OTHER REGIONS 244
Central & South America 244
Macroeconomic Environment 244
Hydrogen Demand 247
Suppliers & Market Share 249
Brazil 251
Other Central & South America 257
Eastern Europe 263
Macroeconomic Environment 263
Hydrogen Demand 267
Suppliers & Market Share 269
Russia 271
Other Eastern Europe 278
Africa/Mideast 284
Macroeconomic Environment 284
Hydrogen Demand 288
Suppliers & Market Share 292

VIII. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 295
General 295
Market Share 297
Acquisitions & Divestitures 302
Cooperative Agreements 303
Distribution 307
Tonnage Distribution 308
Liquid Distribution 309
Cylinder & Packaged Gas Distribution 310
Company Profiles 311
Air Liquide Group 312
Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated 316
Airgas Incorporated 323
Hydro Edge, see Iwatani International
Iwatani International Corporation 325
Linde Group 327
Linde Nippon Sanso, see Linde Group and Taiyo Nippon
Sanso
Matheson Tri-Gas, see Taiyo Nippon Sanso
Messer Group GmbH 333
Praxair Incorporated 335
Showa Denko KK 341
Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation 342

LIST OF TABLES

SECTION I -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Summary Table 3

SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT
1 World Gross Domestic Product by Region 12
2 World Population by Region 14
3 World Manufacturing Value Added by Region 16
4 World Chemical Manufacturing Value Added by Region 18
5 World Energy Production by Type 21
6 World Refined Petroleum Products Production by Region 25
7 World Commercial Fuel Cell Demand by Region 28
8 World Motor Vehicle Production by Region 32
9 World Commercial Motor Vehicle Fuel Cell Demand by Chemistry, Region, & Product 35

SECTION III -- WORLD HYDROGEN OVERVIEW
1 World Hydrogen Demand 46
2 World Hydrogen Demand by Region 49
3 World Hydrogen Demand by Market 52
4 World Petroleum Refining Market for Hydrogen 55
5 World Petroleum Refining Market for Hydrogen by Application & Source 58
6 World Chemical Manufacturing Market for Hydrogen 60
7 Other Global Markets for Hydrogen by Region & Type 62
8 World Commercial Fuel Cell Demand by Application 72
9 Hydrogen Pricing & Valuation 86

SECTION IV -- NORTH AMERICA
1 North America: Market Environment for Hydrogen 89
2 North America: Hydrogen Demand by Market 91
3 United States: Market Environment for Hydrogen 98
4 United States: Hydrogen Demand by Market 101
5 Canada: Market Environment for Hydrogen 107
6 Canada: Hydrogen Demand by Market 109
7 Mexico: Market Environment for Hydrogen 115
8 Mexico: Hydrogen Demand by Market 118

SECTION V -- WESTERN EUROPE
1 Western Europe: Market Environment for Hydrogen 122
2 Western Europe: Hydrogen Demand by Market 125
3 Germany: Market Environment for Hydrogen 131
4 Germany: Hydrogen Demand by Market 134
5 Italy: Market Environment for Hydrogen 140
6 Italy: Hydrogen Demand by Market 142
7 France: Market Environment for Hydrogen 147
8 France: Hydrogen Demand by Market 149
9 United Kingdom: Market Environment for Hydrogen 153
10 United Kingdom: Hydrogen Demand by Market 155
11 Netherlands: Market Environment for Hydrogen 160
12 Netherlands: Hydrogen Demand by Market 162
13 Spain: Market Environment for Hydrogen 167
14 Spain: Hydrogen Demand by Market 169
15 Other Western Europe: Market Environment for Hydrogen 173
16 Other Western Europe: Hydrogen Demand by Market 175

SECTION VI -- ASIA/PACIFIC
1 Asia/Pacific: Market Environment for Hydrogen 183
2 Asia/Pacific: Hydrogen Demand by Market 185
3 China: Market Environment for Hydrogen 193
4 China: Hydrogen Demand by Market 196
5 Japan: Market Environment for Hydrogen 203
6 Japan: Hydrogen Demand by Market 206
7 India: Market Environment for Hydrogen 212
8 India: Hydrogen Demand by Market 214
9 South Korea: Market Environment for Hydrogen 220
10 South Korea: Hydrogen Demand by Market 222
11 Taiwan: Market Environment for Hydrogen 228
12 Taiwan: Hydrogen Demand by Market 230
13 Australia: Market Environment for Hydrogen 234
14 Australia: Hydrogen Demand by Market 236
15 Other Asia/Pacific: Market Environment for Hydrogen 241
16 Other Asia/Pacific: Hydrogen Demand by Market 243

SECTION VII -- OTHER REGIONS
1 Central & South America: Market Environment for Hydrogen 247
2 Central & South America: Hydrogen Demand by Market 249
3 Brazil: Market Environment for Hydrogen 254
4 Brazil: Hydrogen Demand by Market 256
5 Other Central & South America: Market Environment for Hydrogen 260
6 Other Central & South America: Hydrogen Demand by Market & Country 263
7 Eastern Europe: Market Environment for Hydrogen 267
8 Eastern Europe: Hydrogen Demand by Market 269
9 Russia: Market Environment for Hydrogen 274
10 Russia: Hydrogen Demand by Market 276
11 Other Eastern Europe: Market Environment for Hydrogen 281
12 Other Eastern Europe: Hydrogen Demand by Market & Country 284
13 Africa/Mideast: Market Environment for Hydrogen 288
14 Africa/Mideast: Hydrogen Demand by Market & Country 292

SECTION VIII -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
1 Merchant Hydrogen Sales by Company, 2011 297
2 Selected Acquisitions & Divestitures 303
3 Selected Cooperative Agreements 305

LIST OF CHARTS

SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT
1 World Energy Production by Type, 2001-2021 21
2 World Commercial Fuel Cell Demand by Region, 2011 29

SECTION III -- WORLD HYDROGEN OVERVIEW
1 World Hydrogen Demand by Region, 2011 50
2 Share of Market Growth by Region, 2011-2016 50
3 World Hydrogen Demand by Market, 2011 53

SECTION IV -- NORTH AMERICA
1 North America: Hydrogen Demand by Country, 2011 92
2 North America: Merchant Hydrogen Market Share, 2011 94

SECTION V -- WESTERN EUROPE
1 Western Europe Hydrogen Demand by Country, 2011 126
2 Western Europe: Merchant Market Share, 2011 128

SECTION VI -- ASIA/PACIFIC
1 Asia/Pacific: Hydrogen Demand by Country, 2011 186
2 Asia/Pacific: Merchant Hydrogen Market Share, 2011 189

SECTION VII -- OTHER REGIONS
1 Central & South America: Merchant Hydrogen Market Share, 2011 251
2 Eastern Europe: Merchant Hydrogen Market Share, 2011 271
3 Africa/Mideast: Merchant Hydrogen Market Share, 2011 294

SECTION VIII -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
1 World Merchant Hydrogen Market Share, 2011 299