Global Markets for Friction Products and Materials

• Publication date: July 2012
• Report size: 205 pages

INTRODUCTION STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES This report is an updated edition of a study published by BCC Research in 2009. Its goal is to provide a detailed and comprehensive multi-client study of the global market for friction products and materials in light vehicles, medium- and heavy-duty trucks, aircraft, and other industrial applications, as well as potential business opportunities in the future. The report covers ...

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This report is an updated edition of a study published by BCC Research in 2009. Its goal is to provide a detailed and comprehensive multi-client study of the global market for friction products and materials in light vehicles, medium- and heavy-duty trucks, aircraft, and other industrial applications, as well as potential business opportunities in the future. The report covers both original equipment (OE) markets and the aftermarket. Its objectives include a thorough coverage of the underlying economic issues driving the friction products and materials business, as well as assessments of new and potential products that companies are developing. Social, political, and regulatory issues are also covered, as are international markets. Another important objective is to provide realistic market data and forecasts for friction products and materials.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

It has been nearly three years since BCC Research’s last technical market study on friction products and materials. Since then, the friction materials’ market has undergone significant changes, both as a result of the 2008-2009 recession and continuing economic difficulties in most of the developed markets, and the growth of customer industries in the emerging markets, particularly China and India.

The friction materials industry is still relatively secretive, and as such it is very difficult to obtain solid information on how much of these materials are being sold and where. There are very few sources concerning friction materials, and they have presented a most incomplete picture. Estimates for the size of the friction materials market have been few and far between, although a number of companies have shown interest in the market.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

Audiences for this study include marketing executives, business unit managers, and other decision-makers in friction products and materials companies. Technology suppliers, suppliers of plastic resins and other materials, and other companies peripheral to this business also represent a key audience.

SCOPE OF REPORT

The scope of this report is comprehensive, covering the present status of and future prospects for OE/aftermarket friction materials and products in North America (i.e., the United States and Canada), Western Europe, Japan, China, India, and other global markets. The North American market is covered in the greatest detail. The report covers diverse segments such as light vehicles, medium- and heavy-duty trucks, the automotive aftermarket, aircraft/aerospace, construction and other off-road equipment, and various industrial applications. These are analyzed in detail as well as technology developments, market conditions and opportunities, and 5-year forecasts. The role of new technologies is reviewed in this comprehensive report.

In order to generate the information necessary to construct a reasonable future market for friction materials, it is necessary to undertake an examination of the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of materials. In particular, environmental concerns are very significant for some types of friction materials. This report covers two types of friction materials:

Dry friction materials, such as non-asbestos organic (NAO), semimetallic low-metallic, and asbestos friction materials.
Wet-friction materials such as paper products.

In addition to various friction materials and products, the report also covers the many issues concerning the merits and future prospects of the business, including corporate strategies, technologies, and the means for providing these products and service offerings. It also covers in detail the social, political, regulatory, and economic issues that so many regard as critical to the industry’s current state of change. The report provides a review of the friction materials and products industry and its structure, and the many companies involved in providing these materials and technologies. The competitive position of the main players in the market and the strategic options they face are also discussed, as well as such competitive factors as marketing, distribution, and operations.

The values presented in the forecast tables represent the value of the friction products purchased by the OE manufacturers and other industrial companies. These measure value at the point of apparent consumption, regardless of where the friction product was manufactured. For materials, the values represent those paid by the friction product manufacturers. The volume data represent the consumption of these materials by the friction product manufacturers at the point of manufacture for these products, regardless of where the product is sold and used.

INFORMATION SOURCES

Initially, a comprehensive and exhaustive search of the literature on friction materials and products was conducted. These secondary sources included automotive and related journals and books, trade literature, marketing literature, other product/promotional literature, annual reports, security analyst reports, and other publications.

In a second phase, a series of semistructured interviews were conducted with marketing executives, engineers, business unit managers, design engineers, and other personnel at the friction materials and products companies. Other sources included academics, technology, and materials suppliers, technical experts, trade association officials, government officials, and consulting companies.

AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS

The author of the 2009 BCC study on which this report is based, Calvin Swift, has more than 25 years of experience in competitive intelligence, industrial market research, planning and marketing at major corporations, market research consultancies, and think tanks. He advises and briefs management about economic and industry conditions, strategic developments, and the effects of proposed developments in plastics, metals, and other materials. The author has employed scenario analysis to investigate and research the future of industry to identify the impact of globalization, consolidation, demographics, changing industry structure, and technological innovation. His particular interest lies in the interaction of strategy, economic and industry developments, and innovation. He holds a BA and a MS degree in industrial economics, and has completed other studies in business administration.

The analyst responsible for updating the report is Andrew McWilliams, a partner in the Boston-based international technology and marketing consulting firm, 43rd Parallel, LLC. Mr. McWilliams is the author of numerous other BCC studies of advanced materials and their applications, including:

AVM038D Advanced Structural Carbon Products: Fibers, Foams and Composites.
AVM056B Lightweight Materials in Transportation.
AVM015F High-Performance Ceramic Coatings: Markets and Technologies.

Global Automobile Brake Industry

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE 1
SCOPE OF REPORT 1
INFORMATION SOURCES 2
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS 2
RELATED BCC REPORTS 3
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 3
DISCLAIMER 3
CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 5
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS MARKET OUTLOOK BY
SECTOR, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 7
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS MARKET OUTLOOK BY
SECTOR, 2011-2017 ($ MILLIONS) 7
CHAPTER 3 TECHNOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC, AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT 9
OVERVIEW 9
HISTORY OF FRICTION PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS 9
TABLE 1 REASONS WHY THE FRICTION MATERIALS INDUSTRY SHOWED LITTLE CHANGE
BEFORE THE MID-1960S 10
TABLE 2 REASONS WHY THE FRICTION MATERIALS INDUSTRY CHANGED IN THE
MID-1960S 10
WHAT IS A FRICTION MATERIAL? 11
THE SCIENCE OF FRICTION 12
TEMPERATURE VARIATION OF THE FRICTIONAL COEFFICIENT 13
TESTING 13
PRODUCTION OF FRICTION MATERIALS 14
SOFT BATCH 14
MOLDING 14
TRUCK BLOCK 14
CURING 14
BONDING 15
SCORCHING 15
INTEGRALLY MOLDED BRAKES 15
BRAKE INGREDIENTS 15
FIBERS IN COMPOSITES 16
THE EMPHASIS ON REDUCING COSTS 16
TABLE 3 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF NAO FRICTION MATERIALS 17
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 17
REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 18
HEALTH EFFECTS OF ASBESTOS 18
HISTORY OF ASBESTOS LEGISLATION 20
TABLE 4 PRODUCTS THAT CANNOT CONTAIN ASBESTOS AFTER 1996 21
TABLE 5 LIST OF PRODUCTS THAT CAN STILL CONTAIN ASBESTOS 21
THE USE OF ASBESTOS IN MATERIALS 22
REGULATIONS DEALING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT 22
REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRIES 24
Increased Calls for Regulation of the Automotive Aftermarket 24
The Threat of Litigation 25
THE ROLE OF ASSOCIATIONS 25
Friction Materials Standards Institute 26
Brake Manufacturers Council 26
ASBESTOS LITIGATION AND LIABILITY 27
CHAPTER 4 FRICTION MATERIALS 29
OVERVIEW 29
TABLE 6 GLOBAL FRICTION MATERIALS MARKET,* THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 29
TABLE 7 GLOBAL FRICTION MATERIALS MARKET,* THROUGH 2017 (MILLION LBS) 30
FRICTION PRODUCTS CONSTRUCTION 31
DRY FRICTION PRODUCTS 31
TABLE 8 COMPARISON OF THE FOUR TYPES OF DRY FRICTION PRODUCTS 31
NAO Friction Products 32
TABLE 9 COMPOSITION OF A TYPICAL NAO FRICTION MATERIAL (%) 33
TABLE 10 COMPARISON OF FIBERS USED IN NAO BRAKE PADS 33
TABLE 11 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NAO BRAKE PADS AND BLOCKS 34
Semimetallic Friction Products 35
TABLE 12 TYPICAL INGREDIENTS IN A SEMIMETALLIC BRAKE PAD (%) 36
TABLE 13 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORDINARY SEMIMETALLIC PADS AND HEAVY DUTY
SEMIMETALLIC PADS 36
TABLE 14 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SEMIMETALLIC FRICTION PRODUCTS
COMPARED WITH NAO FRICTION PRODUCTS 37
Low-Metallic Products 37
TABLE 15 TYPICAL INGREDIENTS IN A LOW-METALLIC BRAKE PAD (%) 37
TABLE 16 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LOW-METALLIC FRICTION PRODUCTS 38
Friction Modifiers 39
TABLE 17 TYPES OF MATERIALS USED FOR FRICTION MODIFIERS 40
Resins 40
WET FRICTION PRODUCTS 41
Paper Friction 41
TABLE 18 COMMONLY USED RAW MATERIALS IN PAPER-BASED FRICTION PRODUCTS 42
TABLE 19 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WET PAPER FRICTION MATERIALS
COMPARED WITH DRY FRICTION PRODUCTS 42
TABLE 20 REASONS WHY WET FRICTION MATERIALS ARE MORE DURABLE THAN DRY
FRICTION PRODUCTS 43
TABLE 21 REASONS WHY THE WET PAPER FRICTION PRODUCTS MARKET SHOULD NOT
INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY 44
Sintered Metal 44
TABLE 22 REASONS WHY SINTERED METAL FRICTION PRODUCTS ARE NOT USED IN
TRUCK BRAKING APPLICATIONS 44
ARAMID FIBERS 45
TABLE 23 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ARAMID FIBER IN FRICTION PRODUCTS 45
TABLE 24 REASONS AGAINST USING ADDITIONAL ARAMID FIBER IN FRICTION MATERIALS 46
TABLE 25 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR ARAMID FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 47
GLASS FIBERS 48
TABLE 26 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF E-GLASS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS 49
TABLE 27 DISADVANTAGES OF THE SMOOTHNESS OF E-GLASS FIBERS 50
TABLE 28 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR GLASS FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 50
METAL FIBERS 51
TABLE 29 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR METAL FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 51
CARBON FIBERS 52
TABLE 30 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES 52
TABLE 31 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR CARBON FIBERS IN CARBON-CARBON FRICTION
PRODUCTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (THOUSANDS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 53
OTHER ADVANCED FIBERS 54
METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE FIBERS 54
TABLE 32 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR MMC FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (THOUSANDS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 55
PARTIALLY OXIDIZED POLYACRYLONITRILE FIBERS 55
TABLE 33 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR POA FIBERS IN CARBON-CARBON FRICTION PRODUCTS
BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (THOUSANDS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 56
OTHER ADVANCED FIBERS 56
TABLE 34 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR OTHER ADVANCED FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY
REGION, THROUGH 2017 (THOUSANDS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 57
Carbon-Silicon Carbide 57
Miscellaneous Advanced Fibers 58
ASBESTOS FIBERS 58
TABLE 35 PROPERTIES OF ASBESTOS FIBERS 59
TABLE 36 COMPOSITION OF A TYPICAL ASBESTOS-BASED FRICTION MATERIAL (%) 60
TABLE 37 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ASBESTOS-BASED FRICTION MATERIALS 61
TABLE 38 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR ASBESTOS FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 62
PHENOLIC RESINS 63
TABLE 39 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PHENOLIC RESIN 63
TABLE 40 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR PHENOLIC RESINS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 65
GRAPHITIC MATERIALS 66
TABLE 41 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR GRAPHITE IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 66
WOLLASTONITE 67
TABLE 42 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR WOLLASTONITE IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 68
OTHER MATERIALS 68
TABLE 43 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR OTHER MATERIALS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY
MATERIAL AND REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 69
CHAPTER 5 FRICTION PRODUCTS AND MARKETS 72
OVERVIEW 72
TABLE 44 GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCT MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 72
TABLE 45 GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 73
TRUCK DRY FRICTION PRODUCTS 73
TRUCK INDUSTRY DYNAMICS 74
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE PRODUCTION, 2003-2017
(THOUSAND UNITS) 74
TRUCK BRAKE SELECTION 75
TRUCK BRAKE FRICTION MATERIALS 76
TABLE 46 APPLICATIONS OF FRICTION MATERIALS USED IN TRUCKS 76
FIGURE 2 AVERAGE PRICES FOR THE THREE GRADES OF FRICTION MATERIALS IN
STANDARD APPLICATIONS ($/POUND) 76
FIGURE 3 MARKET SHARES OF THE THREE GRADES OF FRICTION MATERIALS (%) 78
Safety Considerations 78
Brake Block vs. Lining 79
Jacob’s Brake 80
CLUTCH FACINGS 80
MEDIUM TRUCK BRAKES 81
TABLE 47 PROBLEMS WITH AVAILABLE FRICTION MATERIALS IN MEDIUM TRUCK DRUM
BRAKES 81
FIGURE 4 MEDIUM TRUCK BRAKES BY TYPE (%) 81
TABLE 48 FRICTION MATERIALS USED IN MEDIUM TRUCK APPLICATIONS 83
HEAVY DUTY TRUCKS 84
OUTLOOK 85
TABLE 49 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR DRY FRICTION MATERIALS IN MEDIUM- AND
HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS BY MATERIAL AND REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 85
SUPPLIERS 86
Foundation Brakes 86
FIGURE 5 MARKET SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN TRAILER AXLE PRODUCERS (%) 87
Medium Trucks 87
Large Trucks 88
AUTOMOTIVE DRY FRICTION PRODUCTS 88
A BRIEF HISTORY OF FRICTION PRODUCTS IN AUTOMOBILES 89
TABLE 50 FACTORS NECESSITATING IMPROVEMENT IN AUTOMOBILE BRAKES 89
TABLE 51 AUTOMOBILE BUYERS' REQUIREMENTS FOR BRAKES 90
DYNAMICS OF AUTOMOTIVE BRAKING 90
Market Forces Affecting Longevity of Brake Pads 91
Noise in Brake Pads 92
TABLE 52 REASONS THAT BRAKE PADS CAUSE NOISE 92
TYPES OF BRAKES 93
TABLE 53 COMPARISON OF DISC VERSUS DRUM BRAKES 93
Disc Brakes 93
TABLE 54 DISTRIBUTION OF BRAKING FORCE IN AUTOMOBILES (%) 94
Drum Brakes 94
Automotive Brake Outlook 95
TABLE 55 GLOBAL LIGHT-VEHICLE ASSEMBLIES BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION
UNITS) 95
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL LIGHT-VEHICLE ASSEMBLIES, 1989-2017 (MILLION UNITS) 95
TABLE 56 LIGHT-VEHICLE OEM DRY FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY MATERIAL AND
REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLION UNITS) 96
THE AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET IN BRAKE PADS 97
Aftermarket Brake Use Patterns 97
TABLE 57 EXPECTED LIFETIME DISTANCES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF FRICTION MATERIALS
(MILES) 98
Aftermarket Materials Selection 98
Light-Vehicle Ownership Trends 99
Aftermarket Brake Outlook 100
TABLE 58 LIGHT-VEHICLE DRY FRICTION AFTERMARKET OUTLOOK BY MATERIAL AND
REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLION UNITS) 101
AUTOMOTIVE BRAKE SUPPLIERS 101
Automotive OE Brakes 101
FIGURE 7 NORTH AMERICAN SUPPLIERS OF OE FRICTION MATERIALS TO LIGHT-VEHICLE
MANUFACTURERS (%) 102
Automotive Aftermarket Brakes 103
TABLE 59 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET AND OE FRICTION
MANUFACTURERS 103
AVIATION/AEROSPACE DRY FRICTION 105
BRAKE CONSTRUCTION 105
AEROSPACE MARKET DYNAMICS 106
FIGURE 8 LARGE COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT DELIVERIES, 2011-2017 106
MARKET OUTLOOK 107
TABLE 60 AIRCRAFT/AEROSPACE DRY FRICTION OUTLOOK BY MATERIAL AND REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 107
SUPPLIERS 108
INDUSTRIAL DRY FRICTION 108
TABLE 61 INDUSTRIAL DRY FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY APPLICATION AND REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 109
RAILWAY 109
OIL WELLS 110
CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY 111
APPLIANCES 112
INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY 113
WET FRICTION 113
AUTOMOTIVE WET FRICTION 114
TABLE 62 FRICTION MATERIAL COMPONENTS IN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS 114
TABLE 63 AUTOMOTIVE WET FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY MATERIAL AND REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 115
CONSTRUCTION WET FRICTION 116
TABLE 64 CONSTRUCTION WET FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY MARKET AND REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 116
OTHER WET FRICTION 117
TABLE 65 COMPARISON OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS 117
TABLE 66 OTHER WET FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY MARKET AND REGION, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 118
FIGURE 9 NORTH AMERICAN SUPPLIERS OF CLUTCH BUTTONS BY MARKET SHARE (%) 118
FIGURE 10 NORTH AMERICAN SUPPLIERS OF MEDIUM TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS BY
MARKET SHARE (%) 120
AUTOMOTIVE CLUTCHES 120
TABLE 67 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NEW VERSUS REBUILT CLUTCHES IN
THE AFTERMARKET 121
CHAPTER 6 INTERNATIONAL MARKETS 124
OVERVIEW 124
TABLE 68 GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCTS OUTLOOK BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 124
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCT MARKETS BY REGION, 2011 (%) 124
NORTH AMERICA 126
TABLE 69 NORTH AMERICAN FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 126
WESTERN EUROPE 127
TABLE 70 ADVANCES IN BRAKING SYSTEMS MADE POPULAR IN EUROPE 127
TABLE 71 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NORTH AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN MARKETS 128
FIGURE 12 WESTERN EUROPE FRICTION PRODUCT MARKETS BY NATION, 2011 (%) 129
TABLE 72 WESTERN EUROPEAN FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 131
JAPAN 132
TABLE 73 JAPANESE FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 132
CHINA 133
TABLE 74 CHINA FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 133
INDIA 134
TABLE 75 INDIA FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 134
REST OF THE WORLD 135
TABLE 76 REST OF THE WORLD FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 135
CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND STRATEGIC CHANGES 138
OVERVIEW 138
INDUSTRY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 138
TABLE 77 STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FRICTION MATERIALS MARKET 139
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND THE ROLE OF INNOVATION 140
TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES 140
FUNDING OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 140
UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTERS 140
THE FUTURE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN FRICTION MATERIALS 142
MANUFACTURING STRATEGIES 142
SCALE ECONOMIES AND VERTICAL INTEGRATION 142
LABOR 143
COST STRUCTURE 144
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 144
MARKETING 144
PRICING AND BARGAINING POWER 145
MARKET SEGMENTATION 145
DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES 145
RELATIONS WITH OEM CUSTOMERS 146
GLOBAL MARKETING 147
DISTRIBUTION 148
OTHER MARKETING 148
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 150
TYPES OF COMPANIES 150
CONCENTRATION 151
CONSOLIDATION 151
CHAPTER 8 COMPANY PROFILES 154
NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES 154
ABS FRICTION CORP. 154
AFFINIA GROUP, INC. 154
ABS FRICTION CORP. 155
ALTO PRODUCTS CORP. 155
AUSCO PRODUCTS, INC. 156
BORGWARNER, INC. 156
CAPITAL TOOL & DESIGN, LTD. 157
CARLISLE BRAKE AND FRICTION 157
CECO FRICTION PRODUCTS, INC. 158
CHAMPION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 158
CLEVELAND OAK, INC. 158
THE CLINE CO. 159
CONI-SEAL, INC. 159
COOK BONDING & MANUFACTURING CO., INC. 159
DANA HOLDING CORP. 160
DELPHI AUTOMOTIVE PLC. 160
DELTA FRICTION 161
EAGLEPICHER CORP. 161
EATON AIRFLEX 161
FDP BRAKE SCIENCE 162
FEDERAL-MOGUL CORP. 162
FEROTEC FRICTION 163
FORMSPRAG CLUTCH 163
GMP FRICTION PRODUCTS 163
GOODRICH AIRCRAFT WHEELS AND BRAKES 164
GREAT LAKES FRICTION PRODUCTS, INC. 164
HAWKHEAD AUTOMOTIVE, INC. 165
HIBBING INTERNATIONAL FRICTION 165
HITCO CARBON COMPOSITES, INC. 165
HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL, INC. 166
INDUSTRIAL BRAKE & SUPPLY 167
ITT CORP. 167
LOGAN CLUTCH CORP. 168
MACH III CLUTCH, INC. 168
MATERIAL SCIENCES CORP. 168
MEGGIT AIRCRAFT BRAKING SYSTEMS 169
MERITOR, INC. 170
MIDWEST BRAKE 170
NUCAP INDUSTRIES, INC. 171
OE QUALITY FRICTION, INC. 171
PERFORMANCE FRICTION CORP. 171
PHOENIX FRICTION PRODUCTS, INC. 172
PROTEC FRICTION SUPPLY 172
PT TECH 172
QUALITOR, INC. 173
REDDAWAY MANUFACTURING CO., INC. 173
ROME TOOL & DIE CO. 173
THE ROWLAND CO. 174
SATISFIED BRAKE PRODUCTS 174
SCAN-PAC MANUFACTURING, INC. 175
SEPAC, INC. 175
STARFIRE SYSTEMS, INC. 175
TEK-MOTIVE, INC. 176
THERMOSET FRICTION MATERIAL SPECIALISTS 176
TRIBCO, INC. 177
TRW AUTOMOTIVE HOLDINGS CORP. 177
WABTEC CORP. 178
WESTROCK CO. 179
WHEELING BRAKE BLOCK MANUFACTURING CO., INC. 179
WESTERN EUROPEAN COMPANIES 179
BECORIT GMBH 180
ROBERT BOSCH GMBH 180
BREMBO S.P.A. 181
BREMSKERL REIBBELAGWERKE EMMERLING GMBH & CO. KG 181
CONTINENTAL AG 182
EUROPEAN FRICTION INDUSTRIES, LTD. 182
FENNER PRECISION 183
FRENOS SAULEDA S.A. 183
HALDEX AB 184
ICER BRAKES S.A. 184
INDUSTRIAL CLUTCH PARTS, LTD. 185
KNORR-BREMSE AG 185
LUK GMBH & CO. OHG 186
MESSIER-BUGATTI-DOWTY 186
METELLI SPA 187
MIBA AG 187
ORTLINGHAUS-WERKE GMBH 188
ROULUNDS BRAKING HOLDINGS APS 188
THE SGL GROUP AG 188
SIMER SRL 189
STS FRICTION GMBH 189
TARONI & C. S.A.S. 189
TMD FRICTION HOLDING GMBH 190
UTIL INDUSTRIES 190
WINNARD, LTD. 191
JAPANESE COMPANIES 191
ADVICS CO., LTD. 191
AISIN SEIKI CO., LTD. 192
AKEBONO BRAKE INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 192
ASKTECHNICA CO., LTD. 193
FUJI BRAKE INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 193
HOSEI BRAKE INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 194
JAPAN BRAKE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 194
MK KASHIYAMA CORP. 194
NISSHINBO HOLDINGS, INC. 195
VESRAH COMPANY, INC. 195
CHINESE COMPANIES 196
ASIMCO MELIAN BRAKING SYSTEMS (LANDFANG) CO., LTD. 196
CIXI ORIENTAL FRICTION PRODUCTS CO., LTD. 196
DANAHER AUTO SPARE PART CO., LTD. 196
DONGYING XINYI AUTO FITTING CO., LTD. 197
FANGTIAN INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. 197
FUJIAN GUANLEAN AUTOMOTIVE PARTS INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 197
HANGZHOU CHANGMING FRICTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. 198
HANGZHOU FEIYANG AUTOPARTS CO., LTD. 198
HANGZHOU HANGCHENG FRICTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. 198
HANGZHOU QIANJIANG FRICTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. 198
HANGZHOU YUHANG FEIYING EAGLE FRICTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. 199
HENGSHUI LONGXIN FRICTION MATERIALS CO., LTD. 199
HUBEI FEILONG FRICTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. 199
NINGBO XIANGSHENG FRICTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. 200
SHANDONG DOUBLE LINK BRAKE MATERIAL CO., LTD. 200
SHANDONG GOLD PHOENIX GROUP CO., LTD. 200
SHANDONG LONGJI GROUP CO., LTD. 201
SHENZHEN YUEXINCHI TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 201
ZAOYANG FU XING FRICTION MATERIAL CO., LTD. 201
INDIAN COMPANIES 201
ANAND AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, LTD. 202
ASK AUTOMOTIVE PVT., LTD. 202
AVS BRAKE LININGS PVT, LTD. 203
BIC AUTO PRIVATE, LTD. 203
BRAKEWEL AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS INDIA, LTD. 203
CO-EFF FRICTION BANDS, LTD. 204
HINDUSTAN COMPOSITES, LTD. 204
MASU BRAKES PVT., LTD. 204
RANE BRAKE LINING, LTD. 205
SUNDARAM BRAKE LININGS, LTD. 205
SUPER CIRCLE AUTO, LTD. 205
OTHER COMPANIES 206
DOLPHIN MANUFACTURING, LTD., LLC. 206
EGAR S.A. 206
FBK AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS MALAYSIA SDN BHD 206
FERMIT S.A. 207
FRAS-LE S.A. 207
FRENOSA 207
FRICCION S.R.L. 208
FRICCIONES TECNICAS Y MAQUINADOS, S.A. 208
GUNG LUN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD. 208
HUAN DAH INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 209
INCOLBESTOS S.A. 209
INDUBAL S.A.C. 209
KOREA BERAL CO., LTD. 209
LUMAG SP. Z.O.O. 210
MAMUSA 210
MINTYE INDUSTRIES BHD. 210
NAN HOANG TRAFFIC INSTRUMENT CO., LTD. 211
REPUESTOS COLOMBIANOS S.A. 211
SB SANGSIN BRAKE 211
S.C.H. INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 212
TAIWAN BRAKE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 212
ZF SACHS SLOVAKIA A.S. 212

LIST OF TABLES
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS MARKET OUTLOOK BY
SECTOR, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 7
TABLE 1 REASONS WHY THE FRICTION MATERIALS INDUSTRY SHOWED LITTLE CHANGE
BEFORE THE MID-1960S 10
TABLE 2 REASONS WHY THE FRICTION MATERIALS INDUSTRY CHANGED IN THE MID-1960S 10
TABLE 3 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF NAO FRICTION MATERIALS 17
TABLE 4 PRODUCTS THAT CANNOT CONTAIN ASBESTOS AFTER 1996 21
TABLE 5 LIST OF PRODUCTS THAT CAN STILL CONTAIN ASBESTOS 21
TABLE 6 GLOBAL FRICTION MATERIALS MARKET,* THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 29
TABLE 7 GLOBAL FRICTION MATERIALS MARKET,* THROUGH 2017 (MILLION LBS) 30
TABLE 8 COMPARISON OF THE FOUR TYPES OF DRY FRICTION PRODUCTS 31
TABLE 9 COMPOSITION OF A TYPICAL NAO FRICTION MATERIAL (%) 33
TABLE 10 COMPARISON OF FIBERS USED IN NAO BRAKE PADS 33
TABLE 11 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NAO BRAKE PADS AND BLOCKS 34
TABLE 12 TYPICAL INGREDIENTS IN A SEMIMETALLIC BRAKE PAD (%) 36
TABLE 13 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORDINARY SEMIMETALLIC PADS AND HEAVY DUTY
SEMIMETALLIC PADS 36
TABLE 14 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SEMIMETALLIC FRICTION PRODUCTS
COMPARED WITH NAO FRICTION PRODUCTS 37
TABLE 15 TYPICAL INGREDIENTS IN A LOW-METALLIC BRAKE PAD (%) 37
TABLE 16 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LOW-METALLIC FRICTION PRODUCTS 38
TABLE 17 TYPES OF MATERIALS USED FOR FRICTION MODIFIERS 40
TABLE 18 COMMONLY USED RAW MATERIALS IN PAPER-BASED FRICTION PRODUCTS 42
TABLE 19 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WET PAPER FRICTION MATERIALS
COMPARED WITH DRY FRICTION PRODUCTS 42
TABLE 20 REASONS WHY WET FRICTION MATERIALS ARE MORE DURABLE THAN DRY
FRICTION PRODUCTS 43
TABLE 21 REASONS WHY THE WET PAPER FRICTION PRODUCTS MARKET SHOULD NOT
INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY 44
TABLE 22 REASONS WHY SINTERED METAL FRICTION PRODUCTS ARE NOT USED IN TRUCK
BRAKING APPLICATIONS 44
TABLE 23 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ARAMID FIBER IN FRICTION PRODUCTS 45
TABLE 24 REASONS AGAINST USING ADDITIONAL ARAMID FIBER IN FRICTION MATERIALS 46
TABLE 25 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR ARAMID FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 47
TABLE 26 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF E-GLASS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS 49
TABLE 27 DISADVANTAGES OF THE SMOOTHNESS OF E-GLASS FIBERS 50
TABLE 28 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR GLASS FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 50
TABLE 29 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR METAL FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 51
TABLE 30 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES 52
TABLE 31 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR CARBON FIBERS IN CARBON-CARBON FRICTION
PRODUCTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (THOUSANDS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 53
TABLE 32 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR MMC FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (THOUSANDS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 55
TABLE 33 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR POA FIBERS IN CARBON-CARBON FRICTION PRODUCTS BY
REGION, THROUGH 2017 (THOUSANDS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 56
TABLE 34 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR OTHER ADVANCED FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY
REGION, THROUGH 2017 (THOUSANDS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 57
TABLE 35 PROPERTIES OF ASBESTOS FIBERS 59
TABLE 36 COMPOSITION OF A TYPICAL ASBESTOS-BASED FRICTION MATERIAL (%) 60
TABLE 37 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ASBESTOS-BASED FRICTION MATERIALS 61
TABLE 38 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR ASBESTOS FIBERS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 62
TABLE 39 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PHENOLIC RESIN 63
TABLE 40 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR PHENOLIC RESINS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 65
TABLE 41 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR GRAPHITE IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION, THROUGH
2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 66
TABLE 42 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR WOLLASTONITE IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 68
TABLE 43 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR OTHER MATERIALS IN FRICTION PRODUCTS BY MATERIAL
AND REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLIONS OF LBS/$ MILLIONS) 69
TABLE 44 GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCT MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 72
TABLE 45 GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 73
TABLE 46 APPLICATIONS OF FRICTION MATERIALS USED IN TRUCKS 76
TABLE 47 PROBLEMS WITH AVAILABLE FRICTION MATERIALS IN MEDIUM TRUCK DRUM
BRAKES 81
TABLE 48 FRICTION MATERIALS USED IN MEDIUM TRUCK APPLICATIONS 83
TABLE 49 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR DRY FRICTION MATERIALS IN MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY
TRUCKS BY MATERIAL AND REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 85
TABLE 50 FACTORS NECESSITATING IMPROVEMENT IN AUTOMOBILE BRAKES 89
TABLE 51 AUTOMOBILE BUYERS' REQUIREMENTS FOR BRAKES 90
TABLE 52 REASONS THAT BRAKE PADS CAUSE NOISE 92
TABLE 53 COMPARISON OF DISC VERSUS DRUM BRAKES 93
TABLE 54 DISTRIBUTION OF BRAKING FORCE IN AUTOMOBILES (%) 94
TABLE 55 GLOBAL LIGHT-VEHICLE ASSEMBLIES BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION
UNITS) 95
TABLE 56 LIGHT-VEHICLE OEM DRY FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY MATERIAL AND
REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLION UNITS) 96
TABLE 57 EXPECTED LIFETIME DISTANCES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF FRICTION MATERIALS
(MILES) 98
TABLE 58 LIGHT-VEHICLE DRY FRICTION AFTERMARKET OUTLOOK BY MATERIAL AND
REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS/MILLION UNITS) 101
TABLE 59 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET AND OE FRICTION
MANUFACTURERS 103
TABLE 60 AIRCRAFT/AEROSPACE DRY FRICTION OUTLOOK BY MATERIAL AND REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 107
TABLE 61 INDUSTRIAL DRY FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY APPLICATION AND REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 109
TABLE 62 FRICTION MATERIAL COMPONENTS IN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS 114
TABLE 63 AUTOMOTIVE WET FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY MATERIAL AND REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 115
TABLE 64 CONSTRUCTION WET FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY MARKET AND REGION,
THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 116
TABLE 65 COMPARISON OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS 117
TABLE 66 OTHER WET FRICTION MATERIAL OUTLOOK BY MARKET AND REGION, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 118
TABLE 67 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NEW VERSUS REBUILT CLUTCHES IN THE
AFTERMARKET 121
TABLE 68 GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCTS OUTLOOK BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 124
TABLE 69 NORTH AMERICAN FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017
($ MILLIONS) 126
TABLE 70 ADVANCES IN BRAKING SYSTEMS MADE POPULAR IN EUROPE 127
TABLE 71 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NORTH AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN MARKETS 128
TABLE 72 WESTERN EUROPEAN FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 131
TABLE 73 JAPANESE FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 132
TABLE 74 CHINA FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($
MILLIONS) 133
TABLE 75 INDIA FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) 134
TABLE 76 REST OF THE WORLD FRICTION PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH
2017 ($ MILLIONS) 135
TABLE 77 STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FRICTION MATERIALS MARKET 139

LIST OF FIGURES
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS MARKET OUTLOOK BY
SECTOR, 2011-2017 ($ MILLIONS) 7
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MEDIUM- AND HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE PRODUCTION, 2003-2017
(THOUSAND UNITS) 74
FIGURE 2 AVERAGE PRICES FOR THE THREE GRADES OF FRICTION MATERIALS IN
STANDARD APPLICATIONS ($/POUND) 76
FIGURE 3 MARKET SHARES OF THE THREE GRADES OF FRICTION MATERIALS (%) 78
FIGURE 4 MEDIUM TRUCK BRAKES BY TYPE (%) 81
FIGURE 5 MARKET SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN TRAILER AXLE PRODUCERS (%) 87
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL LIGHT-VEHICLE ASSEMBLIES, 1989-2017 (MILLION UNITS) 95
FIGURE 7 NORTH AMERICAN SUPPLIERS OF OE FRICTION MATERIALS TO LIGHT-VEHICLE
MANUFACTURERS (%) 102
FIGURE 8 LARGE COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT DELIVERIES, 2011-2017 106
FIGURE 9 NORTH AMERICAN SUPPLIERS OF CLUTCH BUTTONS BY MARKET SHARE (%) 118
FIGURE 10 NORTH AMERICAN SUPPLIERS OF MEDIUM TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS BY MARKET
SHARE (%) 120
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL FRICTION PRODUCT MARKETS BY REGION, 2011 (%) 124
FIGURE 12 WESTERN EUROPE FRICTION PRODUCT MARKETS BY NATION, 2011 (%) 129