Seawater and Brackish Water Desalination

• Publication date: September 2010

THIS REPORT CONTAINS Descriptions of various desalination methods, including multistage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, vapor compression, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration The current market status of seawater and brackish water desalination plants, with data from 2009, estimates for 2010, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2015 Discussion of novel desalination methods, including...

THIS REPORT CONTAINS

Descriptions of various desalination methods, including multistage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, vapor compression, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
The current market status of seawater and brackish water desalination plants, with data from 2009, estimates for 2010, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2015
Discussion of novel desalination methods, including freezing, gas hydrate formation, membrane distillation and capacitive deionization
Analysis of the seawater and brackish water desalination plants industry on a worldwide basis, both from market and application perspectives
Information about large and small companies working on desalination plants.

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

This comprehensive technology market research report evaluates the global markets for saline water desalination plants. The goals are to provide meaningful information, unbiased analysis, and an assessment of the roles that desalination can play now and in the future of water treatment technology. Technical aspects of both thermal and membrane desalination processes are outlined, as well as a few alternative techniques that may be viable in the future. The report analyzes the water needs of 45 countries in five world regions. Known projects by country for the next 5 to 10 years are presented, along with estimated capacity additions, market values, and growth rates for each world region.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

The need for pure water is a problem of global proportions. With each passing year, the quality of the planet’s water measurably deteriorates, presenting challenges for the major users. Water treatment has become an area of global concern as individuals, communities, industries, countries, and their national institutions strive for ways to keep this essential resource available and suitable for use.

During the past 25 years, desalination systems have emerged as effective solutions for transforming saline, brackish, and contaminated water into useable and/or potable products. In addition to technical advances in the processes, parallel price drops in the processes, especially membrane-based methods, have made desalination affordable for countries that were previously unable to consider the possibility. This has created a robust and rapidly growing market in which projects and corporate developments are constantly evolving.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report is designed to be as comprehensive as possible. It is created to be useable by a broad audience of business, technical, and regulatory practitioners on a global scale. This document is an information source on the industry, a reference manual on desalination technology, and a data resource for decision-makers who must stay abreast of the state of the art. This report presents analysis and forward-thinking knowledge that will be advantageous to manufacturers and suppliers, as well as to local, state, and federal governments and foreign legislatures. Engineers, utilities, and corporate planners will benefit from accessing information on the global demand for desalination plants. 

SCOPE OF REPORT

This study presents an overview of the technical aspects of the well-known thermal desalination methods (i.e., multistage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, vapor compression), membrane desalination processes (i.e., reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and a few novel desalination methods (e.g., freezing, gas hydrate formation, membrane distillation, capacitive deionization). 

Capital costs for thermal and membrane plants, as well as operating cost breakdowns, are given to illustrate the average expense of constructing various water plant types. These cost estimates are then used to calculate market sizes. A review of proposed projects is listed in individual country outlooks, and estimates for regional desalination capacity additions, market sizes, and predicted market growth rates are presented for five world regions: the U.S. and Canada, Europe, the Middle East/Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America/Caribbean.

INFORMATION SOURCES

Research for this report began with a re-analysis of the available technical and business literature, as well as an evaluation of the personal records of the water treatment industry available to the author. Conversations with industry experts and company representatives, along with a review of their published works, provide the backbone for an evaluation of the desalination industry. 

INFORMATION SOURCES for the study also include online research, patent literature, and technical journals. In evaluating the global market, information was obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of State, Aquastat, the United Nation’s Global Water Information System, and publications from the International Desalination Association, the European Desalination Association, and the Middle East Desalination Research Center.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

During the past 14 years, Susan Hanft has authored more than 30 market opportunity reports for BCC Research in the fields of membrane technology, water and wastewater treatment, and separations used in food and beverage manufacture, medicine, and biotechnology.

Global Water Distribution And Treatment Industry

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE 1
SCOPE OF REPORT 2
INFORMATION SOURCES 2
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 2
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS 3
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 3
DISCLAIMER 3

Chapter-2: SUMMARY

SUMMARY 4
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 5
SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 6
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SEAWATER AND BRACKISH WATER DESALINATION PLANTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 7
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SEAWATER AND BRACKISH WATER DESALINATION PLANTS, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 7

Chapter-3: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

WATER QUALITY 8
SAFE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 8
WATER QUANTITY 9
WATER SALINITY 10
TABLE 1 WATER SALINITY AND SUITABILITY FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (MG/L) 11
TABLE 2 SALT CONCENTRATIONS OF VARIOUS GLOBAL WATERS (PPM) 12
TABLE 3 WATER HARDNESS 12
SOURCE WATERS USED FOR DESALINATION 13
TABLE 4 TOTAL WORLD DESALINATION CAPACITY BY SOURCE WATER TYPE, 2010 (%) 13
FIGURE 1 TOTAL WORLD DESALINATION CAPACITY BY SOURCE WATER TYPE (%) 14
DESALTED WATER END USES 14
TABLE 5 GLOBAL DESALTED WATER END USES AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CAPACITY (%) 14
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL DESALTED WATER END USES AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CAPACITY (%) 15
DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES 15
BRIEF HISTORY OF DESALINATION 15
Brief History of Desalination (Continued) 16
FIGURE 3 DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES 17
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 17
THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES 18
COMPARISON OF THERMAL AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 19
TABLE 6 COMPARISON OF PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS 19
COMPARATIVE COSTS OF DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES 20
TABLE 7 GLOBAL COMPARATIVE COSTS OF THERMAL AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES ($/M3) 21
GLOBAL DESALINATION INSTALLATIONS 21
TABLE 8 GLOBAL INSTALLATIONS BY NUMBER OF PLANTS AND CAPACITY, 1945–2009 (M3/D) 22
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL INSTALLATIONS BY CAPACITY, 1945–2009 (M3) 22
TABLE 9 LARGEST DESALINATION PLANTS BY CAPACITY, COMMISSIONED OR CONTRACTED, JULY 2010 23
TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2010 (%) 24
FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2010 (%) 24

Chapter-4: MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES

REVERSE OSMOSIS 25
TABLE 11 MEMBRANE MANUFACTURERS AND PRODUCT TYPES 26
NANOFILTRATION 26
ELECTRODIALYSIS 27
COST OF TECHNOLOGIES 28
CAPITAL COSTS 28
TABLE 12 GLOBAL CAPITAL COSTS OF MEMBRANE DESALINATION BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE AND PLANT SIZE (AVG. $/GAL.) 28
OPERATING COSTS 28
Operating Costs (Continued) 29
TABLE 13 COST ALLOCATION OF DESALINATING BRACKISH WATER WITH RO (%) 30
FIGURE 6 COST ALLOCATION OF DESALINATING BACKISH WATER WITH RO (%) 30
TABLE 14 COST ALLOCATION OF DESALINATING SEAWATER WITH RO (%) 31
FIGURE 7 COST ALLOCATION OF DESALINATING SEAWATER WITH RO (%) 31
COST TRENDS 31
TABLE 15 GLOBAL COST TRENDS FOR MEMBRANE DESALINATION, INCLUDING DEBT SERVICE AND OPERATING EXPENSES, 1980–2010 ($/1,000 GALS) 32
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL COST TRENDS FOR MEMBRANE DESALINATION, INCLUDING DEBT SERVICE AND OPERATING EXPENSES, 1980–2010 ($/1,000 GALS) 32
TABLE 16 SEAWATER ELEMENT COST, 1978–2005 ($/1,000 GALS) 33
FIGURE 9 SEAWATER ELEMENT COST, 1978–2005 ($/1,000 GALS) 33
TABLE 17 GLOBAL SEAWATER DESALINATION COST REDUCTIONS 34
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL SEAWATER DESALINATION COST REDUCTIONS ($/1,000 GALS. (3.8 M3)) 34
MARKET SHARE 35
TABLE 18 GLOBAL MEMBRANE MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2009 (%) 35
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MEMBRANE MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARES, 2010 (%) 36
MARKET VALUE BY MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY TYPE 36
TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST BY MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 37
FIGURE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST BY MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 38

Chapter-5: THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES

MULTISTAGE FLASH DISTILLATION 39
COST 40
TABLE 20 COST ALLOCATION OF DESALINATED WATER PRODUCTION WITH MSF (%) 40
FIGURE 13 COST ALLOCATION OF DESALINATED WATER PRODUCTION WITH MSF (%) 41
TABLE 21 GLOBAL MSF DESALINATION COST TRENDS, 1955–2010 ($/GAL) 41
FIGURE 14 GLOBAL MSF DESALINATION COST TRENDS, 1955–2010 ($/GAL) 42
MULTI-EFFECT DISTILLATION 42
COST 43
TABLE 22 COST ALLOCATION OF DESALINATED WATER PRODUCTION WITH MED (%) 44
FIGURE 15 COST ALLOCATION OF DESALINATED WATER PRODUCTION WITH MED (%) 44
VAPOR COMPRESSION 44
MARKET VALUE BY THERMAL TECHNOLOGY TYPE 45
MARKET VALUE BY THERMAL … (CONTINUED) 46
TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST BY THERMAL TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 47
FIGURE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST BY THERMAL TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 47

Chapter-6: OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

CRYSTALLIZATION 48
FREEZING 48
GAS HYDRATE PROCESSES 49
MEMBRANE DISTILLATION 49
MEMSTILL 50
SOLAR HUMIDIFICATION 51
FLOW-THROUGH CAPACITOR 52
ION EXCHANGE 52
MARKET VALUE OF OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 53
TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR OTHER TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 54
FIGURE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR OTHER TECHNOLOGIES, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 54

Chapter-7: WORLD MARKETS FOR DESALINATION

TABLE 25 GLOBAL WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR (%) 55
FIGURE 18 GLOBAL WATER WITHDRAWALS BY SECTOR (%) 56
TABLE 26 ABSOLUTE WATER STRESS OR SHORTAGE IN THE 20 MOST AFFECTED COUNTRIES, PROJECTED TO 2025 57
TABLE 27 WATER STRESS OR SHORTAGE IN THE 20 MOST POPULOUS COUNTRIES, PROJECTED TO 2025 58
WORLD MARKET BY REGION 58
TABLE 28 DESALINATION CAPACITY BY TECHNOLOGY AND WORLD REGION, 2009 59
FIGURE 19 DESALINATION CAPACITY BY TECHNOLOGY AND WORLD REGION, 2009 (M3/D) 59
TABLE 29 COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST INSTALLED DESALINATION CAPACITY, 2009 (M3/D) 60
FIGURE 20 COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST INSTALLED DESALINATION CAPACITY, 2009 (M3/D) 60
WORLD MARKET BY REGION (CONTINUED) 61
TABLE 30 MARKET VALUE BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 62
FIGURE 21 MARKET VALUE BY GLOBAL REGION, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 62
U.S. AND CANADA 63
Economic Trends 63
Water Needs 63
TABLE 31 WATER DISTRIBUTION IN THE U.S. BY SECTOR (BILLION GPD/%) 64
FIGURE 22 WATER DISTRIBUTION IN THE U.S. BY SECTOR (%) 64
TABLE 32 TOTAL U.S. FRESHWATER WITHDRAWALS BY STATE, 2005 (M3/D) 65
TABLE 32 (CONTINUED) 66
Desalination Capacity 66
TABLE 33 U.S. DESALINATION CAPACITY SHARE BY SOURCE WATER TYPE (%) 67
FIGURE 23 U.S. DESALINATION CAPACITY SHARE BY SOURCE WATER TYPE (%) 68
TABLE 34 U.S. DESALINATION CAPACITY SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2010 (%) 68
FIGURE 24 U.S. DESALINATION CAPACITY SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (%) 69
TABLE 35 U.S. STATES WITH THE LARGEST INSTALLED DESALINATION CAPACITY, 2010 69
TABLE 36 U.S. DESALTED WATER END USES AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CAPACITY, 2010 (%) 70
FIGURE 25 U.S. DESALTED WATER END USES AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CAPACITY, 2010 (%) 70
OUTLOOK 71
Heartland 71
Mid-Atlantic 71
FIGURE 26 POTENTIALLY USABLE WATER FROM U.S. SALINE AQUIFERS 72
Oil, Gas, and Coal Basins 72
Inland Urban Areas 73
Coastal Urban Areas 73
Florida 74
The Tampa Bay Experience 74
California 75
FIGURE 27 CALIFORNIA’S PROPOSED SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANTS 76
Texas 76
Texas (Continued) 77
FIGURE 28 PROPOSED DESALINATION PLANTS IN TEXAS 78
VALUE OF THE U.S./CANADIAN MARKET 78
VALUE OF THE U.S./CANADIAN MARKET (CONTINUED) 79
TABLE 37 U.S./CANADA MARKET VALUE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 80
FIGURE 29 U.S./CANADA MARKET VALUE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 81
EUROPE 81
ECONOMIC TRENDS 81
WATER NEEDS 82
SPAIN 82
Outlook 83
ITALY 83
Outlook 84
MALTA 84
Outlook 85
CYPRUS 85
Outlook 85
GREECE 86
Outlook 87
U.K. 87
Outlook 88
INSTALLED CAPACITY 88
TABLE 38 EUROPE’S INSTALLED CAPACITY BY COUNTRY, 2009 (M3/D) 89
FIGURE 30 EUROPE’S INSTALLED CAPACITY BY COUNTRY, 2010 (M3/D) 89
VALUE OF THE EUROPEAN MARKET 89
Value of the European Market (Continued) 90
TABLE 39 VALUE OF THE EUROPEAN MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 91
FIGURE 31 VALUE OF THE EUROPEAN MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 91
MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA 92
ECONOMIC TRENDS 92
WATER NEEDS 93
SAUDI ARABIA 93
Outlook 94
UAE 95
Outlook 95
KUWAIT 96
Outlook 96
BAHRAIN 97
Outlook 97
ALGERIA 98
Outlook 98
LIBYA 99
Outlook 100
JORDAN 100
Outlook 101
QATAR 102
Outlook 102
EGYPT 103
Outlook 103
ISRAEL 104
Outlook 105
TUNISIA 106
Outlook 106
TURKEY 106
Outlook 107
SOUTH AFRICA 107
Outlook 107
VALUE OF THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA MARKET 108
Value of the Middle East/… (Continued) 109
Value of the Middle East/… (Continued) 110
TABLE 40 VALUE OF THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 111
FIGURE 32 VALUE OF THE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 111
ASIA-PACIFIC 112
ECONOMIC TRENDS 112
WATER NEEDS 112
AUSTRALIA 112
Outlook 113
CHINA 114
Outlook 115
INDIA 116
Outlook 117
INDONESIA 117
Outlook 118
JAPAN 118
Outlook 119
THE PHILIPPINES 119
Outlook 120
SINGAPORE 120
Outlook 121
TAIWAN 122
Outlook 122
VALUE OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET 123
TABLE 41 VALUE OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 124
FIGURE 33 VALUE OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 125
LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN 125
ECONOMIC TRENDS 125
WATER NEEDS 125
THE BAHAMAS 126
Outlook 126
CHILE 127
Outlook 127
JAMAICA 128
Outlook 129
MEXICO 129
Outlook 130
VALUE OF THE LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN MARKET 130
Value of the Latin America/… (Continued) 131
TABLE 42 LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN MARKET VALUE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 132
FIGURE 34 LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN MARKET VALUE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2000–2015 ($ MILLIONS) 132

Chapter-8: PATENT ANALYSIS

PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE 133
TABLE 43 PATENT SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (NUMBER & %) 134
FIGURE 35 PATENT SHARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE (%) 135
PATENTS BY COMPANY 135
TABLE 44 PATENT SHARE BY COMPANY/INDIVIDUAL PATENT HOLDER (%) 136
FIGURE 36 PATENT SHARE BY COMPANY/INDIVIDUAL PATENT HOLDER (%) 137

Chapter-9: TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS AND RESEARCH TRENDS

TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS AND RESEARCH TRENDS 138
LARGE-AREA MODULES 139
NF PRETREATMENT FOR THERMAL DESALINATION 139
RESEARCH TRENDS 140
DESALINATION AND WATER PURIFICATION ROADMAP 140
TABLE 45 DESALINATION AND WATER PURIFICATION ROADMAP: NATIONAL NEEDS AND RECOMMENDED R&D 141
TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 142
TABLE 45 (CONTINUED) 143
LONG BEACH METHOD 143
AFFORDABLE DESALINATION COALITION 144
ION CONCENTRATION 144
NEW MEMBRANE MATERIALS 144
Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites 145
Carbon Nanotube Membranes 145
Boron Nitride Nanotube Membranes 146
Aquaporins 147
Oxidant-Resistant Membranes 148
Chlorine-Tolerant Materials 149
Surface-Structured, Fouling-Resistant Membrane Materials 149
NEW ENERGY OPTIONS 150
Renewable Energy Sources 150
TABLE 46 RECOMMENDED RES/DESALINATION COMBINATIONS 150
TABLE 46 (CONTINUED) 151
Solar 152
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) 152
Wind 153
Wave 153
Nuclear 154
Nuclear Desalination Projects 154
Nuclear …(Continued) 155
Nuclear …(Continued) 156
Hybrid RO/Thermal Plants 157
BRINE DISPOSAL 158
EMERGING TREATMENT METHODS 158
Beneficial Brine Reuse 159
Concentrate Minimization 159
Zero Liquid Discharge 160
Recovery and Resale of Salts in Desalination Brine 160

Chapter-10: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 161
MARKET SHARE 162
TABLE 47 DESALINATION PLANT SUPPLIER MARKET SHARE, 2009 (%) 162
FIGURE 37 DESALINATION PLANT SUPPLIER MARKET SHARES, 2010 (%) 163
COMPANY PROFILES 163
ABENGOA/BEFESA AGUA 163
ACCIONA AGUA/ACCIONA SA 164
ACE WATER TREATMENT CO., LTD. 165
AFTON PUMPS, INC. 165
AHMED ABDEL WARITH CONSULTING ENGINEERS 166
ALFA LAVAL 166
AMERICAN ENGINEERING SERVICES (AES) 166
AES Arabia, Ltd. 167
AL KAWTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD./AL MURJAN GROUP 167
AQUALIA 168
AQUALYNG/LYNG GROUP 168
AQUATECH INTERNATIONAL CORP. 169
AquaChem ICD 169
ACWA (ARABIAN COMPANY FOR WATER & POWER DEVELOPMENT) POWER INTERNATIONAL 169
BIWATER, PLC 170
Biwater AEWT, Inc. 170
CADAGUA/FERROVIAL GROUP 171
CANDESAL WATER SYSTEMS 171
CHRIST WATER TECHNOLOGY GROUP/ GLV 172
Aqua Engineering GmbH 172
CONSOLIDATED WATER CO., LTD. 173
CORODEX INDUSTRIES 174
CULLIGAN HELLAS 174
DANFOSS A/S RO SOLUTIONS 175
DOOSAN HEAVY INDUSTRIES & CONSTRUCTION 175
DOW WATER SOLUTIONS 176
DÜCHTING PUMPS 177
EBARA CORP. 177
ENERGY RECOVERY, INC. 178
FICHTNER GMBH 179
FLOWSERVE 179
FLUID EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT CO. 180
FYBROC PUMPS 180
GENERAL ELECTRIC 181
GRAHAMTEK SYSTEMS 182
GRUNDFOS GROUP 183
HITACHI ZOSEN CORP. 183
HYFLUX, LTD. 184
IDE TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. 184
ILF CONSULTING ENGINEERS 185
INDAR PUMP/INGETEAM CORP. 186
IMPREGILO GROUP/FISIA ITALIMPIANTI 186
INIMA MEDIO AMBIENTE/OHL 187
INTERNATIONAL POWER 187
ION EXCHANGE (INDIA), LTD. 188
ITOCHU CORP. 188
ITT WATER & WASTEWATER/ITT INDUSTRIES 189
JGC CORP. 190
KINDASA WATER SERVICES 190
KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 191
KSB GROUP 192
KULJIAN CORP. 192
KURITA WATER INDUSTRIES 193
LAHMEYER INTERNATIONAL GMBH 193
MARUBENI CORP. 194
MALAKOFF 194
METITO (OVERSEAS), LTD. 195
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES 195
MITSUI & CO., LTD. 196
MUBADALA DEVELOPMENT CO. 196
NATCO GROUP/CAMERON NTERNATIONAL CORP. 197
NITTO DENKO 197
Hydranautics 197
Hydranautics (Continued) 198
ORGANO CORP. 199
OSMOFLO 199
PB POWER 199
POSEIDON RESOURCES CORP. 200
PUMP ENGINEERING, INC. 201
REGGIANE CRANES & PLANTS DIVISION/ FANTUZZI GROUP 201
SADYT 202
SALT SEPARATION SERVICES, LTD. 202
SASAKURA ENGINEERING 203
SAUDI OGER, LTD. 204
SEMBCORP UTILITIES PTE, LTD. 204
SEPARATION PROCESSES, INC. 205
SETE ENERGY SAUDI FOR INDISTRIAL PROJECTS, LTD. (SETE ENERGY) 206
SEVERN TRENT SERVICES 206
SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGIES 207
SNAMPROGETTI S.P.A./ENI SAIPEM 208
SNC LAVALIN 208
SOGEX OMAN CO., LLC 209
SUMITOMO CORP. 209
SUEZ 210
SULZER PUMPS/SULZER CORP. 210
TAM ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES/TAM GROUP 211
TEDAGUA/COBRA GROUP (ACS) 211
TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD 212
TORAY INDUSTRIES 212
TORISHIMA PUMP MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. 213
TOYOBO CO., LTD. 214
UEM, INC. 214
VEOLIA WATER SOLUTIONS & TECHNOLOGIES 215
WATER ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT SERVICES 216
WETICO 216
WOONGJIN CHEMICAL 216
Woongjin Chemical (Continued) 217

Chapter-11: APPENDIX

APPENDIX PATENT SURVEYS 218
TABLE 48 PATENT SURVEY, 2005 218
TABLE 48 (CONTINUED) 219