Biodegradable Polymers

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Biodegradable Polymers

Report price : $ 4 850
Publication date : December 2007

This report contains: Descriptions of various biodegradable polymer applications including compost bags, loose-fill packaging, medical/hygiene products, agricultural and paper coatings; The current market status of biodegradable polymers, trends and forecasts for growth over the next 5 years; Discussion of the major drivers for the U.S. market including mandated legislation and prospective increases in landfill pricing; Analysis of the biodegradable polymers market on a worldwide basis, both from a market and application perspective; Information on the major global biodegradable polymer players including NatureWorks LLC, Tellis, Inc. and Novamont.

INTRODUCTION STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY SCOPE AND FORMAT SOURCES ABOUT THE AUTHOR RELATED BCC REPORTS BCC ONLINE SERVICES DISCLAIMER

SUMMARY

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2006-2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

TERMINOLOGY

TERMINOLOGY (CONTINUED)

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OVERVIEW THE BIOPOLYMER-SYNTHETIC POLYMER GAP NICHE MARKETS NEW EMPHASIS STILL HAVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS INTEGRATION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS WITH DISPOSAL INFRASTRUCTURES EARLY STARCH-BASED MATERIALS INTRODUCTION OF COMPOSTABLE BAGS CONTINUED R&D EARLY ENTRANTS IMPORTANCE OF LOOSE-FILL OTHER FACTORS BIOPOLYMERS, CONVENTIONAL PLASTICS AND BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC THE MOVE TO RENEWABLE SOURCES EXTENDING THE RECYCLING LOOP PROCESSING DEFINING BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS PUBLIC ATTITUDES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES COMPOSTING

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS BY CHEMICAL TYPE OVERVIEW TYPES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

TABLE 1 TYPES OF BIODEGRADABLE

TABLE 2 POLYETHYLENE DEGRADABLE AND

LACTIC-ACID BASED POLYMERS

BACKGROUND

GRADES

PROPERTIES

Properties (Continued)

PRODUCTION

MODIFICATIONS

SOME PROBLEM AREAS

USE OF BLENDS

APPLICATIONS

Overview

Stronger Variants

Overview of Current/Future Applications

Background

Food Packaging

Thermoformed Packaging

Specific Industrial Applications

Electronics

Shopping Bags

Bottles

Automotive

Other Potential Applications

JAPANESE PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES

Mitsui Chemicals

Dainippon Ink

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PLA

Danimer Scientific

Compatibilizer Using PLA and Recycled Polypropylene

PLA Film Coatings

Blow Molding PLA

Additives for PLA

Thermoformed PLA Trays

Recycling Issues with PLA Bottles

POLYESTERS

POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES (PHAS)

Overview

Background

Applications

Processes

Properties

Biodegradability

Compostability

Certification and Testing

Concept of Metabolic Engineering

Details on PHA Variants and Their Producers/Marketers

Another Important PHA - PHBV

COMPANIES INVOLVED IN PHA POLYESTER

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

Overview

Metabolix

Kaneka/P&G

OTHER BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS

Ecoflex

Ecovio

Biomax

Bionelle

MISCELLANEOUS BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS

Overview

Polycaprolactone (PCL)

Background

Properties

Applications

Suppliers

Polybutylene/Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT)

Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) (PTT)

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN POLYESTER-BASED

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

First Commercial Products from Telles, Inc

Metabolix Investigates PHA from Sugar Cane

Metabolix Plans to Focus on Films for its PHA Product

Biomer

WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS

BACKGROUND

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (PVOH)

Overview

Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Materials

Applications

Properties

Specific PVOH Properties

Suppliers

Biodegradable Applications

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BLENDS

OVERVIEW

PLA BLENDS

STARCH-BASED POLYMERS

Background

Technical Details

Thermoplastic Starch

Applications

PSM’s Product

MIXTURES OF STARCH AND BIODEGRADABLE

POLYMERS

Background

Company Involvement

Novamont

TABLE 3 TYPES OF PRODUCTS MADE

Cereplast

Earthshell

Other Companies

Biotec Biologische and Biopolymer Technology

(BIOP)

Japan Corn Starch and Nihon Shokunin Kako

Rodenburg and Plantic

Cortec

Polyvinyl Alcohol-Starch Blends

Overview

Applications of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)/PVOH

Blends

Selected Producers of Starch-Based Biodegradable

Polymers

TABLE 4 SELECTED PRODUCERS OF STARCH-BASED BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

OTHER TYPES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

PROTEIN-BASED PLASTICS

Background

Benefits

Applications

Consumer

Agricultural

Horticulture

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS FROM SOYBEANS

GENETICALLY-MODIFIED (GM) BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

OVERVIEW

PHAS

CURRENT SCENARIO

RECENT DEVELOPMENT

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER PRODUCERS OVERVIEW NORTH AMERICA

TABLE 5 NORTH AMERICAN PRODUCERS OF

EUROPE

TABLE 6 SELECTED KEY EUROPEAN PRODUCERS OF

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

ASIA

TABLE 7 KEY ASIAN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER PRODUCERS AND TRADE NAMED PRODUCTS

TABLE 8 CAPACITIES OF SELECTED ASIAN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER PRODUCERS

SOUTH AMERICA

MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS

OVERVIEW

GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET

OVERVIEW

TABLE 9 GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY RESIN, 2006-2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY APPLICATION

TABLE 10 GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

FIGURE 2 GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2006-2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA

OVERVIEW

TABLE 11 BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC AREA, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

FIGURE 3 BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC AREA, 2006-2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

EUROPE

Overview

Market Estimates and Forecasts

TABLE 12 EUROPEAN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

FIGURE 4 EUROPEAN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY RESIN, 2006-2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

NORTH AMERICA

Background

Recent Activities

Market Estimates and Forecasts

TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICAN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

FIGURE 5 NORTH AMERICAN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET, 2006-2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

ASIA

Background

Market Estimates and Forecasts

TABLE 14 ASIAN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

FIGURE 6 ASIAN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET, 2006-2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

APPLICATIONS BACKGROUND DEGRADABILITY OVERVIEW COMPOST BAGS BACKGROUND ACTIVITIES IN THE U.S BIODEGRADABLE WASTE BAGS COMPOST BAG SITUATION IN EUROPE CONTROVERSY OVER BAGS AND LINERS CONTINUES Background Problem of Lack of Definitions Need for Standards and Definitions Some Basic Definitions Needed LEADING PLAYERS RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Plastics Bans Accelerate Mislabeled Bags LOOSE-FILL PACKAGING BACKGROUND PROCESS PROCESSORS Background Storopack FP International American Excelsior Company Startech, Inc Pro-Pac Packaging OTHER PACKAGING BACKGROUND EARTHSHELL PACKAGING OBSTACLES TARGETED APPLICATIONS SHEET EXTRUSION APPLICATIONS CLEAR RIGID PACKAGING STRETCH BLOW MOLDING SINGLE-SERVE MARKET THERMOFORMED TRAYS IMPACT OF THE FOOD SERVICE INDUSTRY RECENT ASSESSMENTS NEW DEVELOPMENTS Natural Flexible Ltd Confectionary Plastic Packaging UK Retailers Move towards Biodegradable Polymers Compostable Corrugated Packaging Wal-Mart MEDICAL OVERVIEW BACKGROUND PROPERTIES REQUIRED BREADTH OF APPLICATIONS CRITERIA FOR POLYMER SELECTION TYPES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS USED Background Polyglycolides (PGA) Polylactides (LPLA and DPLA) Polycaprolactone Polydioxanone (PDO) Polyanhydrides Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide) (PGA-LPLA) Polyorthoesters Poly(Ethylene Oxide) (PEO) Multiblock Polymers PACKAGING AND STERILIZATION IMPLICATIONS Background Sterilization DEGRADATION OF MEDICAL PLASTICS COMMERCIAL BIODEGRADABLE MEDICAL DEVICES Background Sutures Dental Devices Orthopedic Fixation Devices Drug Delivery Hydrogels Microspheres Tissue Engineering Tissue Engineering (Continued) Stents NEW DEVELOPMENTS Surmodics Tepha, Inc. Inion, Inc. New Group of Biodegradable Polymers for Intracellular Drug Delivery Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Develops New Biodegradable Polymer OTHER APPLICATIONS BACKGROUND HYGIENE-RELATED DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS PAPER COATINGS PAPER CUPS AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS Background Biodegradable Films Find Increased Usage for Agri-Films TABLEWARE AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS Background Biodegradable Compact Disk Phone Housings BOTTLES MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS A RECENT DEVELOPMENT The Photovoltaic Market

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE BACKGROUND KEY PLAYERS

TABLE 15 MAJOR PLAYERS IN BIODEGRADABLE

TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)

PRODUCT FLOW

FIGURE 7 KEY SELECTED COMPANIES IN THE BIODEGRADABLE

BUSINESS RELATED TO PRODUCT FLOW

MARKETING STRATEGIES

OVERVIEW

MARKET SEGMENT

CORE TECHNOLOGIES

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

INFRASTRUCTURE

GROWTH AND REPUTATION

OBSTACLES

LEGISLATION

SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS OF MAJOR PLAYERS

Natureworks and Metabolix

DuPont

Novamont

Cereplast

Mitsui Chemicals

Plantic Technologies

MARKETING AND MARKET DRIVERS OVERVIEW LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS ROI CONCEPT GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE POSITIVE VIEWS/ASPECTS LEGISLATIVE ISSUES REASONS FOR LACK OF INTEREST/NEGATIVE VIEWS MARKET DRIVERS

TABLE 16 MARKET DRIVERS OF BIOPLASTICS

SUMMING UP

DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS OVERVIEW CONFUSION IN DEFINITIONS SOME TECHNICAL ASPECTS EARLY MISLEADING CONCLUSIONS ASTM STANDARDS OVERVIEW KEY SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY OF STANDARDS

TABLE 17 KEY ASTM STANDARDS RELATED TO OVERVIEW OF ASTM TESTS AND SPECIFICATIONS BASEDONENVIRONMENT

TABLE 18 ASTM TESTS AND SPECIFICATIONS BY TYPE OF ENVIRONMENT

COMPOSTABLE AND BIODEGRADABLE ARE NOT

SYNONOMOUS

EARLY FTC STANDARDS

STANDARDS OUTSIDE NORTH AMERICA

TESTING FOR BIODEGRADATION BACKGROUND BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS TEST METHOD STANDARDIZATION ENZYME TESTS PLATE TESTS STURM-TEST

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES BACKGROUND SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL BACKGROUND FEDERAL LEGISLATION ECONOMIC DRIVING FORCES OTHER LEGISLATIVE ISSUES SOME BACKLASH CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS ABOUT BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS BACKGROUND U.S. ASPECTS Overview Negative Views of Biodegradable Plastics Compost Toxicity Increased Aquatic BOD Risk to Marine Species Litter EUROPEAN ASPECTS JAPANESE ASPECTS

TECHNOLOGY ADDITIVES OVERVIEW OF PLASTICS DEGRADATION BACKGROUND DEGRADABILITY OF RESINS Polyolefins Polystyrene PVC Other Thermoplastics and Thermosets Water Soluble Polymers Modes of Degradation of Selected Biodegradable Polymers

TABLE 19 TIME LAG FOR VISUAL CHANGE FOR

TABLE 20 TIME LAG FOR DEGRADATION

EFFECT OF POLYMER STRUCTURE ON BIODEGRADATION

BACKGROUND

MORPHOLOGY

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT/EXPOSURE CONDITIONS ON

BIODEGRADATION

Background

Early Regulations

Significance of Moisture, Temperature and/or Oxygen

Role of Microorganisms

Presence of Methane

Increasing Decomposition in Landfills

Function of Compost Operations

Other Factors

Conclusions

COMPOSTING

BACKGROUND

KEY PROPERTIES FOR COMPOSTABLE PLASTICS

MATERIALS THAT MEET SPECIFICATIONS

COMPOST STREAM AND INFRASTRUCTURE

COMPOSTABLE PRODUCTS

RESTRICTIONS ON COMPOSTABLE CLAIMS

STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

BENEFITS OF COMPOST TO SOIL

U.S. ACTIVITIES

EUROPEAN ACTIVITIES

JAPANESE ACTIVITIES

MUTUAL INTERESTS OF THE “GREEN” PLASTICS

INDUSTRY AND COMPOSTING

ADDITIONAL OVERSEAS ACTIVITIES IN BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS ASIAN ACTIVITIES JAPAN Overview Mitsui Chemicals Mazda Motor Corporation Mitsubishi Motors Corporation Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Toray Industries Unitika Plastics Division NEC Corporation

TABLE 21 SELECTED LIST OF COMMERCIAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS CURRENTLY IN USE IN JAPAN

CHINA

Background

PolyOne Corporation

Tianan Biologic Materials

Development of Degradable Test Methods in China

TABLE 22 DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADABLE

Chinese Groups Dealing with Biodegradable/Biobased

Materials

THAILAND

SOUTH KOREA

EUROPEAN ACTIVITIES

BACKGROUND

FURTHER DETAILS

Biotec Biologische

Biomer

Purac

Hycail

FKuR Kunstoff

Neste Oy

Avebe Group

Joint Venture to Produce PLA

PLA for Sugar Cane and Sugar Beet

CANADIAN ACTIVITIES

CANADIAN ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)

FACTORS FOR A POSITIVE OUTLOOK ON THE FUTURE OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AND BIOBASED RESINS OVERVIEW THE ROLLER-COASTER SCENARIO OF THE PRICE OF CRUDE OIL IMPROVED PERFORMANCE IMPACT OF WAL-MART DEPARTMENT OF USDA GUIDELINES GROWING FAMILIARITY OF CONVERTERS MORE MUNICIPALITIES GETTING INVOLVED ON THE DOWNSIDE - LANDFILLS

TABLE 23 WHAT IS LANDFILLED IN THE UNITED STATES -2006 (THOUSAND TONS)

ORGANIZATIONS AND SYMPOSIA BIODEGRADABLE PRODUCTS INSTITUTE (BPI) FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS & SUSTAINABLE COMPOSITES (BIOPOL - 2007) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES THE FIRST PLA BOTTLE CONFERENCE EUROPEAN BIOPLASTICS CONFERENCE

PRICING PRICING

TABLE 24 U.S LIST PRICES FOR SELECTED BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS (DOLLARS/POUND)

PATENTS U.S. 6,949,254 (SEPTEMBER 27, 2005)—BIO-DECOMPOSABLE POLYMER SHOWING GOOD THERMAL DECOMPOSITION (BMG INC., KYOTO, JAPAN) U.S. 6,955,822 (OCTOBER 18, 2005)—LACTONE-BEARING ABSORBABLE POLYMERS (SOCIETE DE CONSEILS DE RECHERCHES ET D’APPLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES, SAS (PARIS, FRANCE) U.S. 6,962,950 (NOVEMBER 8, 2005)—POLYMERS OF A HYDROPHOBIC NATURE, FILLED WITH STARCH COMPLEXES (NOVAMONT S.P.A. NOVARA, ITALY) U.S. 6,984,393 (JANUARY 10, 2006)—BIODEGRADABLE ELASTOMER AND METHOD OF PREPARATION (QUEENS UNIVERSITY, KINGSTON, CA) U.S. 7,037,983 (MAY 2, 2006—METHODS OF MAKING FUNCTIONAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS (KIMBERLYCLARK WORLDWIDE, INC. - NEENAH, WI) U.S. 7,053,151 (MAY 30, 2006—GRAFTER BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BLEND COMPOSITIONS (KIMBERLY-CLARK WORDWIDE, INC. -NEENAH, WI) U.S. 7,094,817 (AUGUST 22, 2006—BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER (PLANTIC TECHNOLOGIES, LTD, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA) U.S. 7,160,977 (JANUARY 9, 2007)—POLYMER BLENDS WITH IMPROVED IMPACT STRENGTH (EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY, KINGSPORT, TN) U.S. 7,163,697 (JANUARY 16, 2007)—BIOEGRADABLE POLYMER COMPOSITIONS AND USES RELATED THERETO (JOHNS HOPKINS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, BALTIMORE, MD) U.S. 7,146,349 (FEBRUARY 13, 2007)—PRODUCTION OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE IN PLANTS (DUPONT, WILMINGTON, DE AND PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, JOHNSTON, IA) U.S. 7,214,414 (MAY 8, 2007)—BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BLENDS FOR USE IN MAKING FILMS, AND SHEETS (BIOTEC BIOLOGISCHE NATURVERPACKUNGEN GMBH (EMMERICH, GERMANY) U.S. 7,241,832 (JULY 10, 2007)—BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BLENDS FOR USE IN MAKING FILMS, SHEETS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE (BIOTEC BIOLOGISCHE NATURVERPACKUNGEN GMBH (EMMERICH, GERMANY) U.S. 7,282,216 (OCTOBER 16, 2007)—BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BLENDS AND USES THEREOF (ALKERMES CONTROLLED THERAPEUTICS, INC., CAMBRIDGE, MA)

MAJOR PLAYERS AMERICAN EXCELSIOR BASF BIOCORP, INC. BIOGROUP USA BIOLOGISCHE NATURVERPACKUNGEN GMGH & COMPANY (BIOTEC) BIOPOLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AG (BIOP) BIOPAK, LTD CEREPLAST CORTEC CORPORATION DAICEL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES DAINIPPON INK DUPONT INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING EARTHSHELL CORPORATION ECM BIOFILMS, INC. FKUR KUNSTOFF GMBH FP INTERNATIONAL (FPI) HUHTAMAKI OY HYCAIL B.V IDROPLAST SPA INNOVIA FILMS, LTD IRE CHEMICAL JAPAN CORN STARCH CO., LTD KTM INDUSTRIES LACTEL ABSORBABLE POLYMERS METABOLIX MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL CORPORATION MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL (MGC) MITSUBISHI PLASTICS, INC MITSUI CHEMICALS NATIONAL STARCH & CHEMICAL NATUREWORKS LLC

TABLE 25 MARKETS NATUREWORKS PLA POTENTIAL END-USE

NNZ BV

NOVAMONT SPA

PLANTIC TECHNOLOGIES LTD

PSM NORTH AMERICA

RODENBURG BIOPOLYMERS

SHOWA HIGH POLYMER

SIDAPLAX V.O.F

SOLVAY CAPROLACTONES

STANELCO PLC

STOROPACK, INC.

TOYOBO COMPANY, LTD

TREOFAN GMBH & COMPANY

UHDE INVENTA-FISCHER GMBH

VTT CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

APPENDIX SELECTED ACRONYMS USED IN REPORT SELECTED GLOSSARY OF TERMS SELECTED GLOSSARY OF TERMS (CONTINUED)

LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION POUNDS)

TABLE 1 TYPES OF BIODEGRADABLE

TABLE 2 POLYETHYLENE DEGRADABLE AND

TABLE 3 TYPES OF PRODUCTS MADE

TABLE 4 SELECTED PRODUCERS OF STARCH-BASED BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

TABLE 5 NORTH AMERICAN PRODUCERS OF

TABLE 6 SELECTED KEY EUROPEAN PRODUCERS OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS