High-Performance Ceramic Coatings: Markets and Technologies

High-Performance Ceramic Coatings: Markets and Technologies

Ceramic coatings constitute a large family of materials with quite diverse compositions and properties. They include compositions based on alumina, alumina-magnesia, chromia, hafnia, silica, silicon carbide, titania and zirconia. Ceramic coatings are generally applied to metal or metallic alloy components or to ceramic components

High performance ceramic coatings are a special class of ceramics in their form and the preparation techniques required. However, their uses are diverse, and they exploit the wide range of unique and desirable properties of various bulk ceramics. Ceramic coatings are generally used for wear- (or erosion-), corrosion- and high temperature-resistant applications. All ceramic coatings deliver some level of performance in each of the three major areas listed above.

The availability and commercialization of high-performance coatings have already changed the internal specification patterns of certain industries, such as cutting tool inserts. The useful life of coated inserts is many times the life of uncoated inserts. This, in turn, has reduced the cost of cutting tool inserts, and at the same time has increased productivity. Similarly, ceramic-coated components for aircraft turbine engines resulted in building large aircraft. Now, auto enthusiasts are coating certain auto engine components to improve auto engine performance. Also, ceramic coatings have made it possible for certain large machine components to be repaired in situ. 
 

INTRODUCTION

TUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

SCOPE AND FORMAT

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS

RELATED BCC REPORTS

BCC ONLINE SERVICES

DISCLAIMER

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Summary Table:

NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATINGS BY TYPE OF COATING TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Summary Figure:

MARKET SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATING TECHNOLOGIES, 2006-2012 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MARKET)

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

TECHNICAL AND BUSINESS ISSUES

NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS

Table 1 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATINGS, BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 1 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATING SERVICE MARKET SEGMENTS, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION

TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

MATERIAL TYPES AND PROPERTIES

Table 2 HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATING MATERIALS AND GENERAL APPLICATIONS

Table 3 REPRESENTATIVE FLAME AND PLASMA-SPRAYED MATERIALS, MELTING OR SOFTENING TEMPERATURE, AND USES

Table 3 (CONTINUED)

Table 4 PLASMA SPRAYED CERAMIC COATING PROPERTIES

COATING TECHNIQUES

GENERAL APPLICATIONS

Table 5 LEADING APPLICATIONS OF DEPOSITION BY INDUSTRY

Table 6 TYPICAL COATINGS AND APPLICATIONS

Table 6 (CONTINUED)

THERMAL SPRAY

THERMAL SPRAY TECHNIQUES

COMBUSTION WIRE THERMAL SPRAY PROCESS

Features and Benefits

Typical Applications

COMBUSTION POWDER THERMAL SPRAY PROCESS

Table 7 CERAMIC MATERIALS USED IN THE POWDER FLAME PROCESS

Features and Benefits

Typical Applications

ELECTRIC ARC WIRE THERMAL SPRAY PROCESS

Features and Benefits

Typical Applications

PLASMA THERMAL SPRAY PROCESS

Plasma Thermal Spray Process (Continued)

Plasma Thermal Spray Process (Continued)

Figure 2 PLASMA SPRAY COATING TECHNIQUE

Plasma Thermal Spray Process (Continued)

Features and Benefits

Typical Applications

Supersonic Induction Plasma Torch

Controlled-Atmosphere Plasma Spray Coatings

Features and Benefits

Typical Applications

HVOF THERMAL SPRAY PROCESS

Figure 3 SCEMATIC OF HVOF

HVOF Thermal Spray Process (Continued)

Table 8 PROPERTIES OF HVOF CARBIDE COATINGS

Features and Benefits

Typical Applications

COLD SPRAY PROCESS

JET KOTE PROCESS

DETONATION THERMAL SPRAY PROCESS

PROCESS COMPARISONS

Table 9 COMPARISON OF THERMAL SPRAY PROCESSES

APPLICATIONS

AIRCRAFT ENGINES AND AEROSPACE

Gas Turbine Engines

Gas Turbine Engines (Continued)

Table 10 DETONATION GUN APPLICATIONS IN THE GAS TURBINE ENGINE

Table 10 (CONTINUED)

Table 10 (CONTINUED)

LAND-BASED GAS TURBINES

AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS

Engine Components

Engine Components (Continued)

Exhaust Manifolds

DIESEL ENGINES

HEAT EXCHANGERS AND BOILERS

HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION RESISTANT APPLICATIONS

WEAR RESISTANT AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

MEDICAL

OTHER EMERGING APPLICATIONS AND COMPOSITIONS

Table 11 THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS FOR FRPS

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Table 12 SUMMARY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS

Table 12 (CONTINUED)

APPARATUS FOR THERMAL SPRAY COATING

SPRAY COATING APPARATUS AND FIXTURES

SPRAY SYSTEM WITH COMBINED KINETIC SPRAY AND THERMAL SPRAY ABILITY

THERMAL SPRAY COATING QUALITY CONTROL

THERMAL SPRAY GUN WITH EXTENSION ARM FOR COATING CONDUIT INTERIOR SURFACES

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GRADED COATED ARTICLES

HIGH TEMPERATURE, OXIDATION-RESISTANT ABRADABLE COATINGS CONTAINING MICROBALLOONS

PLASMA SPHEROIDIZED CERAMIC POWDER

THERMAL SPRAY COMPOSITIONS FOR ABRADABLE SEALS

EROSION RESISTANT COATINGS

MULTIMODAL STRUCTURED HARDCOATINGS MADE FROM MICRO-NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THERMAL SPRAY PROCESSING OF MEDICAL DEVICES

SPRAY PROCESSING OF POROUS MEDICAL DEVICES

ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION DEVICES USING THERMAL SPRAYED ELECTRODES

THERMAL SPRAY ENVIRONMENTAL AND BOND COATINGS FORTURBINE FLOWPATH PARTS

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES

Table 13 LEADING U.S. COMPANIES PROVIDING THERMAL SPRAY COATING SERVICES FOR OEM PARTS

Table 14 NORTH AMERICAN CUSTOM/JOB SHOPS PROVIDING THERMAL-SPRAY COATING SERVICES

Table 14 (CONTINUED)

Table 15 LEADING U.S. COMPANIES PROVIDING THERMAL SPRAY COATING CONSUMABLES

Table 16 U.S. COMPANIES SUPPLYING CONSUMABLES FOR NANOCERAMIC COATINGS

Table 17 U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF PLASMA SPRAY EQUIPMENT

ACQUISITIONS, MERGERS AND OTHER BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS

Table 18 ACQUISITIONS, MERGERS AND OTHER BUSINESS RELATIONS IN THE THERMAL-SPRAY INDUSTRY

NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS

TURBINE ENGINES OEM AND OVERHAUL

Aircraft Engines

Table 19 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATING OF AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE PARTS, THROUGH-2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 20 NORTH AMERICAN SHIPMENTS OF TURBOFAN, TURBOPROP, AND TURBOSHAFT ENGINES, THROUGH 2012 (NUMBER OF ENGINES)

Table 21 COST OF AIRCRAFT ENGINE COATING SERVICES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 22 NORTH AMERICAN AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE OVERHAUL MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Land-Based Turbines

Table 23 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATING OF LARGE LAND-BASED TURBINE PARTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 24 COST OF NEW LARGE LAND-BASED TURBINE COATING SERVICES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 25 COST OF LARGE LAND-BASED TURBINE REFURBISHMENT COATING SERVICES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

WEAR RESISTANT PARTS AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Table 26 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATING OF WEAR RESISTANT PARTS AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

AUTOMOTIVE AND DIESEL ENGINES

Table 27 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATINGS IN AUTOMOTIVE AND DIESEL ENGINES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

MEDICAL

Table 28 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATINGS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

HEAT EXCHANGERS AND HIGH TEMPERATURE

OTHER APPLICATIONS

MARKET AND MARKET SHARES

Table 29 NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC THERMAL SPRAY COATING MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 4 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC THERMAL-SPRAY COATING SERVICE MARKET SUB-SEGMENTS, 2006-2012 (%TOTAL THERMAL SPRAY MARKET)

MARKET SHARE OF COMPANIES

Table 30 MARKET SHARE OF THERMAL SPRAY COATING SERVICE PROVIDERS

PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD)

BASIC PRINCIPLES

PVD MATERIALS

Table 31 REPRESENTATIVE FILMS DEPOSITED BY PVD

Table 32 REPRESENTATIVE PVD SURFACE COATINGS FOR ABRASION AND CORROSION RESISTANT APPLICATIONS

Titanium Nitride Coating (TiN)

Titanium Carbo Nitride Coating (TiCN)

Titanium Aluminum Nitride Coating (TiAlN)

TiAln-X

Chromium Nitride Coating (CrN)

Super-R Coating

Zirconium Nitride Coating (ZrN)

PVD TECHNOLOGIES

Table 33 TYPES OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESSES

PVD BY EVAPORATION

Evaporation Sources

Evaporation Deposition Processes

Thermal Evaporation

Electron-beam Evaporation

PVD ARC PROCESS

PVD BY SPUTTERING

Sputtering Sources and Processes

Table 34 BASIC SPUTTERING SOURCES AND PROCESSES

Direct Current (DC) Diode Sputtering

Triode Sputtering

Radio Frequency (RF) Sputtering

Magnetron Sputtering

Table 35 COMPARISON OF MAGNETRON SPUTTERING METHODS FOR DEPOSITING SIO

Linear Magnetron Sputtering

Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering

Ion Beam Sputtering

Sputter Ion Plating (SIP) Process

Cosputtering

Reactive Sputtering

COMPARISON OF EVAPORATION AND SPUTTERING

MULTICHAMBER SYSTEM

PVD ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

PVD APPLICATIONS

Table 36 CERAMIC PVD APPLICATIONS

TOOLS

Tools (Continued)

Table 37 PROPERTIES OF UNCOATED AND TIN COATED HSS

Figure 5 A COMPARISON OF THE TRS OF UNCOATED AND COATED CARBIDE AS MEASURED BY THE THREE-POINT BEND TEST ON 0.2 X 0.2 X 0.75 INCH SPECIMENS (TRS, MPA)

Figure 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 38 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF VARIOUS BALZERS BALINITÒ THIN FILM WEAR-RESISTANT COATINGS

Table 38 (CONTINUED)

TURBINE VANES AND BLADES

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Table 39 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PVD SINCE 2004

PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION APPARATUS AND PROCESS

EB-PVD SYSTEM WITH AUTOMATIC MELT POOL HEIGHT CONTROL

THERMAL BARRIER COATING WITH NANOSCALE FEATURES

THERMAL BARRIER LAYER AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS USING ELECTRON BEAM PVD

YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA WITH REDUCED THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

PVD AL2O3 COATED CUTTING TOOL

PVD COATED CUTTING TOOL

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES

Table 40 LEADING NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES MANUFACTURING PVD SYSTEMS AND/OR PROVIDING SERVICES

NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS

Table 41 NORTH AMERICAN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC PVD COATING MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 6 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC THERMAL-SPRAY COATING SERVICE MARKET SUB-SEGMENTS, 2006-2012 (% OF TOTAL THERMAL SPRAY MARKET)

TOOLS

Table 42 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC PVD TOOL COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

INDUSTRIAL SERVICES

Table 43 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC COATINGS FOR AUTOMOTIVE, AEROSPACE AND WEAR-RESISTANT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

MEDICAL

Table 44 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC PVD MEDICAL DEVICE COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

MARKET SHARE OF COMPANIES

Table 45 MARKET SHARE OF CERAMCI PVD COATING SERVICE PROVIDERS, 2006

CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD)

BASIC PRINCIPLE

CVD MATERIALS

Table 46 CERAMICS DEPOSITED BY CVD

Table 46 (CONTINUED)

Table 46 (CONTINUED)

CVD TECHNIQUES

Table 47 TYPICAL CERAMIC CVD COATINGS, PROCESS GASES AND DEPOSITION TEMPERATURES

BASIC THERMAL CVD PROCESS

Metallo-Organic CVD (MOCVD)

Atmospheric Pressure CVD

Low-Pressure CVD

PLASMA-ASSISTED CVD

DC Plasma Method

RF Induction Plasma

Microwave Plasma Torch

Cathodic-arc Plasma Deposition

High-energy Intensified Plasma-assisted Processing (HEIPAP)

COMBUSTION CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITON (CCVD)

Table 48 CCVD MATERIALS, SUBSTRATES AND APLICAITONS

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CVD

Table 49 KEY TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES OF THE CVD PROCESS

Table 50 KEY TECHNICAL DISADVANTAGES OF THE CVD PROCESS

APPLICATIONS

Table 51 REPRESENTATIVE CVD CERAMIC COATINGS

CUTTING TOOLS

Cutting Tools (Continued)

Figure 7 SUMMARY OF CARBIDE METALCUTTING GRADE DEVELOPMENT

Table 52 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT/ EMERGING CUTTING TOOL CVD APPLICATIONS

7INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

AEROSPACE

HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS

FOULING-RESISTANT CERAMIC MEMBRANES

NEW DEVELOPMENTS

Table 53 CERAMIC CVD COATING DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 2004

ENHANCED ALUMINA LAYER PRODUCED BY CVD

BOND COAT PROCESS FOR THERMAL BARRIER COATING

ALPHA ALUMINA-COATED CUTTING TOOL

COATED CUTTING TOOL

TITANIA COATINGS BY CVD AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

LEADING CVD SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS

Table 54 LEADING WORLDWIDE MANUFACTURERS OF CVD EQUIPMENT

LEADING CVD SERVICE PROVIDERS

Table 55 LEADING WORLDWIDE CVD SERVICE PROVIDERS

NORTH AMERICAN MARKET

Table 56 NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC CVD COATING SERVICE MARKETS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 8 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC CVD COATING SERVICE MARKET SEGMENTS, 2006-2012 (% OF TOTAL CVD COATING MARKET)

Figure 8 (CONTINUED)

CUTTING TOOLS

Table 57 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD TOOL INSERT COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

WEAR RESISTANT AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Table 58 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD WEAR RESISTANT AND OTHER INDUSTRIALCOATING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

AUTOMOTIVE

Automotive (Continued)

Table 59 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENT COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

AIRCRAFT AND AEROSPACE

Table 60 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD AEROSPACE COATINGS, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)

MEDICAL

Table 61 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD AEROSPACE COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

MARKET SHARE OF COMPANIES

Table 62 MARKET SHARE OF CERAMIC CVD COATING SERVICE PROVIDERS (%)

OTHER COATING TECHNIQUES

SPRAYING, BRUSH PAINTING, AND DIPPING

SPRAYING

Metallic Ceramic Coating

Ceramic Coating

Thermal Barrier Coating

Dry-Film Coating

Table 63 TEMPERATURE DROP USING COATED HEADERS IN AUTO ENGINES (º F)

PAINTING WITH A BRUSH

DIPPING

REPCOAT PROCESS

COATING UTILITIES

High-Temperature and Corrosion-Resistant Coatings

High Temperature Insulative Coating

CEMENTATION

PACK CEMENTATION

Fluidized-Bed Cementation Process

Vapor-Stream Cementation

SOL GEL PROCESSING

Table 64 APPLICATIONS OF SOL GEL FILMS AND COATINGS

DATEC PROCESS

USING LASERS FOR COATING

PULSED LASER DEPOSITION (PLD)

QQC PROCESS

ION BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION (IBAD)

IONIC BEAM SURFACE TREATMENT (IBEST)

IONIC BEAM SURFACE TREATMENT …(CONTINUED)

IONIC BEAM ENHANCED DEPOSITION (IBED)

MICRODISCHARGE DEPOSITION

MICROPLASMIC COATING

NEW DEVELOPMENTS

Table 65 DEVELOPMENTS IN OTHER CERAMIC COATINGS SINCE 2004

METHOD FOR MAKING FILMS UTILIZING A PULSED LASER FOR ION INJECTION AND DEPOSITION

ULTRA-HARD LOW FRICTION COATING FOR REDUCED WEAR OF MEMS AND OTHER TRIBOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM

COATED MICROFLUIDIC DELIVERY SYSTEM

COATED METALLIC COMPONENT

LUBRICIOUS COMPOSITES FOR MEDICAL DEVICES

BIOMCOMPATIBLE IMPLANT COATED WITH BIOCOMPATIBLE FLUOR-HYDROXYAPATITE AND A COATING METHOD OF THE SAME

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES

Table 66 NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES PROVIDING CERAMIC COATING SERVICES USING SPRAYING, DIPPING, SOL GEL, LASER AND IONIC BEAM TECHNIQUES

Table 66 (CONTINUED)

North American Companies (Continued)

NORTH AMERICAN MARKET

SPRAYING/ BRUSH PAINTING/ DIPPING

Spraying/ Brush Painting/ Dipping (Continued)

Table 67 NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC CVD COATING SERVICE MARKETS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 9 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC COATINGS MARKET USING SPRAYING/ DIPPING, SOL GEL, MICRO OXIDATION AND LASER-ASSISTED TECHNIQUES BY APPLICATION, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)

MARKET SHARE OF COMPANIES

COMPANY PROFILES

PROFILES OF NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES INVOLVED IN CERAMIC COATINGS AS EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS, SUPPLIERS OF CONSUMABLES, COATING SERVICE PROVIDERS AND USERS

A&A COMPANY, INC

ACCESSORIES PLUS

ACCUWRIGHT INDUSTRIES, INC.

ADVANCED CUTTING TOOLS, INC.

AERO TURBINE, INC.

AESTHETIC FINISHERS INC.

AIR PRODUCTS & CHEMICALS, INC.

ALPHA TECH COATINGS (ATC), INC.

AMERICAN ROLLER CO.

APPLIED MATERIALS

APS MATERIALS

AREMCO PRODUCTS INC

ASB INDUSTRIES

BENDER MACHINE CO.

CERAMIC COATING, INC.

CETEK LIMITED

CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY INC.

CHROMALLOY GAS TURBINE CORPORATION

CHROMALLOY NEW YORK

CINCINNATI THERMAL SPRAY

COTRONICS CORP.

CVD EQUIPMENT CORP.

DATEC COATING CORP.

DENTON VACUUM

DIRECT PERFORMANCE COATINGS

DYLON INDUSTRIES INC.

ELLISON SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES

ENGLEHARD SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES/BASF

ENVIRONMENTAL ABRASIVES

EUTECTIC CORP.

EXLINE INC.

FREECOM INC.

Freecom Inc. (Continued)

F.W. GARTNER THERMAL SPRAYING CO.

FFWD CONNECTION

FLAME SPRAY COATING CO. INC.

FLAME SPRAY INC.

G.E.M.S., INC.

GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.

GENERAL MAGNAPLATE CORP.

GOLD STAR COATINGS/BALZERS

GRENCO INDUSTRIES, LTD.

GSEM, INC.

HAYDEN CORP.

HEANY INDUSTRIES, INC.

HERMAN C. STARCK, INC.

HFW INDUSTRIES, INC.

HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS

HITEMCO

HONEYWELL AEROSPACE

HOWMET CASTING SPECIAL PRODUCTS

HOWMET CASTINGS THERMATECH COATINGS

HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS COATINGS

INDUSTRIAL GRINDING

INDUSTRIAL MACHINE & MFG., LTD.

INFRAMAT CORP.

INGERSOLL CUTTING TOOL COMPANY

IONBOND INC.

JET-HOT COATINGS

KENNAMETAL, INC.

MER CORP.

NGIMAT CO.

MICROPLASMIC CORPORATION

MKS INSTRUMENTS PRG PRODUCTS GROUP

MUSCLE SHOALS MINERALS

NANOMAT, INC.

NANOMATERIALS, INC.

NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH LLC

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

NATIONAL THERMOSPRAY INC.

NEI CORP.

NORTHWEST METTECH CORP.

PETERS PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATING

PLASMA COATINGS, INC

PLASMA TECHNOLOGY, INC.

PRATT & WHITNEY

PRAXAIR SPECIALTY CERAMICS, INC.

PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES COATING DIVISION

PRAXAIR TAFA

PRECISION COATINGS, INC.

PRIEST ELECTRIC

PROFESSIONAL CRYOGENIC METALLURGY & COATINGS, LLC (PCMC)

PROFESSIONAL METAL REFINISHING, INC.

PROGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

QQC

RAM COATING SERVICES LLC

Ram Coating Services LLC (Continued)

RAM PRO LINE

SAINT GOBAIN GRAINS AND POWDERS

SAINT GOBAIN ADVANCED CERAMICS

SANDVIK, INC.

SECO TOOLS, INC.

SERMATECH INTERNATIONAL INC.

SOLAR ATMOSPHERES INC.

SPECIALIZED CERAMIC AND POWDER COATINGS

SPIRE CORP.

ST. LOUIS METALIZING CO.

STARFIRE SYSTEMS INC.

STEEL PLANT EQUIPMENT CORP.

Steel Plant Equipment Corp. (Continued)

STELLITE COATINGS

STREETROD STUFF, INC.

SULZER METCO (U.S.), INC.

SYLCO INC.

SWAIN TECHNOLOGY INC.

TECH LINE COATINGS, INC.

TECHNETICS CORP.

THIN AIR POWERSPORTS

TRIUMPH THERMAL PROCESSING CO.

TURBINE COMPONENTS SERVICES

ULTRAMET

ULVAC TECHNOLOGIES INC.

UNAXIS USA

VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC

WHITE ENGINEERING SURFCES COPORATION

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table:

NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATINGS BY TYPE OF COATING TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 1 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATINGS, BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 2 HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATING MATERIALS AND GENERAL APPLICATIONS

Table 3 REPRESENTATIVE FLAME AND PLASMA-SPRAYED MATERIALS, MELTING OR SOFTENING TEMPERATURE, AND USES

Table 4 PLASMA SPRAYED CERAMIC COATING PROPERTIES

Table 5 LEADING APPLICATIONS OF DEPOSITION BY INDUSTRY

Table 6 TYPICAL COATINGS AND APPLICATIONS

Table 7 CERAMIC MATERIALS USED IN THE POWDER FLAME PROCESS

Table 8 PROPERTIES OF HVOF CARBIDE COATINGS

Table 9 COMPARISON OF THERMAL SPRAY PROCESSES

Table 10 DETONATION GUN APPLICATIONS IN THE GAS TURBINE ENGINE

Table 11 THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS FOR FRPS

Table 12 SUMMARY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS

Table 13 LEADING U.S. COMPANIES PROVIDING THERMAL SPRAY COATING SERVICES FOR OEM PARTS

Table 14 NORTH AMERICAN CUSTOM/JOB SHOPS PROVIDING THERMAL-SPRAY COATING SERVICES

Table 15 LEADING U.S. COMPANIES PROVIDING THERMAL SPRAY COATING CONSUMABLES

Table 16 U.S. COMPANIES SUPPLYING CONSUMABLES FOR NANOCERAMIC COATINGS

Table 17 U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF PLASMA SPRAY EQUIPMENT

Table 18 ACQUISITIONS, MERGERS AND OTHER BUSINESS RELATIONS IN THE THERMAL-SPRAY INDUSTRY

Table 19 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATING OF AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE PARTS, THROUGH-2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 20 NORTH AMERICAN SHIPMENTS OF TURBOFAN, TURBOPROP, AND TURBOSHAFT ENGINES, THROUGH 2012 (NUMBER OF ENGINES)

Table 21 COST OF AIRCRAFT ENGINE COATING SERVICES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 22 NORTH AMERICAN AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE OVERHAUL MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 23 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATING OF LARGE LAND-BASED TURBINE PARTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 24 COST OF NEW LARGE LAND-BASED TURBINE COATING SERVICES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 25 COST OF LARGE LAND-BASED TURBINE REFURBISHMENT COATING SERVICES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 26 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATING OF WEAR RESISTANT PARTS AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 27 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATINGS IN AUTOMOTIVE AND DIESEL ENGINES, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 28 TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN EXPENDITURES ON THERMAL SPRAY CERAMIC COATINGS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 29 NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC THERMAL SPRAY COATING MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 30 MARKET SHARE OF THERMAL SPRAY COATING SERVICE PROVIDERS

Table 31 REPRESENTATIVE FILMS DEPOSITED BY PVD

Table 32 REPRESENTATIVE PVD SURFACE COATINGS FOR ABRASION AND CORROSION RESISTANT APPLICATIONS

Table 33 TYPES OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESSES

Table 34 BASIC SPUTTERING SOURCES AND PROCESSES

Table 35 COMPARISON OF MAGNETRON SPUTTERING METHODS FOR DEPOSITING SIO

Table 36 CERAMIC PVD APPLICATIONS

Table 37 PROPERTIES OF UNCOATED AND TIN COATED HSS

Table 38 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF VARIOUS BALZERS BALINITÒ THIN FILM WEAR-RESISTANT COATINGS

Table 39 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PVD SINCE

Table 40 LEADING NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES MANUFACTURING PVD SYSTEMS AND/OR PROVIDING SERVICES

Table 41 NORTH AMERICAN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC PVD COATING MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 42 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC PVD TOOL COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 43 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC COATINGS FOR AUTOMOTIVE, AEROSPACE AND WEAR-RESISTANT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 44 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC PVD MEDICAL DEVICE COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 45 MARKET SHARE OF CERAMCI PVD COATING SERVICE PROVIDERS,

Table 46 CERAMICS DEPOSITED BY CVD

Table 47 TYPICAL CERAMIC CVD COATINGS, PROCESS GASES AND DEPOSITION TEMPERATURES

Table 48 CCVD MATERIALS, SUBSTRATES AND APLICAITONS

Table 49 KEY TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES OF THE CVD

Table 50 KEY TECHNICAL DISADVANTAGES OF THE CVD PROCESS

Table 51 REPRESENTATIVE CVD CERAMIC COATINGS

Table 52 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT/EMERGING CUTTING TOOL CVD APPLICATIONS

Table 53 CERAMIC CVD COATING DEVELOPMENTS SINCE

Table 54 LEADING WORLDWIDE MANUFACTURERS OF CVD EQUIPMENT

Table 55 LEADING WORLDWIDE CVD SERVICE PROVIDERS

Table 56 NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC CVD COATING SERVICE MARKETS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 57 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD TOOL INSERT COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 58 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD WEAR RESISTANT AND OTHER INDUSTRIALCOATING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 59 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENT COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 60 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD AEROSPACE COATINGS, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 61 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR CERAMIC CVD AEROSPACE COATINGS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 62 MARKET SHARE OF CERAMIC CVD COATING SERVICE PROVIDERS (%)

Table 63 TEMPERATURE DROP USING COATED HEADERS IN AUTO ENGINES (º F)

Table 64 APPLICATIONS OF SOL GEL FILMS AND COATINGS

Table 65 DEVELOPMENTS IN OTHER CERAMIC COATINGS SINCE

Table 66 NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES PROVIDING CERAMIC COATING SERVICES USING SPRAYING, DIPPING, SOL GEL, LASER AND IONIC BEAM TECHNIQUES

Table 67 NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC CVD COATING SERVICE MARKETS BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure:

MARKET SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATING TECHNOLOGIES, 2006-2012 (PERCENT OF TOTAL MARKET)

Figure 1 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATING SERVICE MARKET SEGMENTS, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 2 PLASMA SPRAY COATING TECHNIQUE

Figure 3 SCEMATIC OF HVOF

Figure 4 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC THERMAL-SPRAY COATING SERVICE MARKET SUB-SEGMENTS, 2006-2012 (%TOTAL THERMAL SPRAY MARKET)

Figure 5 A COMPARISON OF THE TRS OF UNCOATED AND COATED CARBIDE AS MEASURED BY THE THREE-POINT BEND TEST ON 0.2 X 0.2 X 0.75 INCH SPECIMENS (TRS, MPA)

Figure 6 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC THERMAL-SPRAY COATING SERVICE MARKET SUB-SEGMENTS, 2006-2012 (% OF TOTAL THERMAL SPRAY MARKET)

Figure 7 SUMMARY OF CARBIDE METALCUTTING GRADE DEVELOPMENT

Figure 8 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC CVD COATING SERVICE MARKET SEGMENTS, 2006-2012 (% OF TOTAL CVD COATING MARKET)

Figure 9 SHARE OF NORTH AMERICAN CERAMIC COATINGS MARKET USING SPRAYING/ DIPPING, SOL GEL, MICRO OXIDATION AND LASER-ASSISTED TECHNIQUES BY APPLICATION, 2006-2012 ($ MILLIONS)