Sugars and Sweeteners in Processed Foods and Beverages

Sugars and Sweeteners in Processed Foods and Beverages

This report covers: Sugar, corn-derived sweeteners like HFCS, sugar alcohols, and other less commercially important caloric sweeteners, and the four current HIS on the U.S. commercial market: aspartame, acesulfame-K (Ace-K), sucralose, and the oldest product, saccharin; Market analyses, with 5-year forecasts; The influence of international activities and business on the domestic market; The sources from which sweeteners are derived, applicability and functionality, caloric content, and benefits and drawbacks for each; Driving forces such as government regulations, technological advances, research and development of new additives, and international factors, and how these forces can promote or retard the development and marketing of current and new sweeteners; Company profiles of major companies in the sweeteners business, including sweetener manufacturers and processors, as well as food and beverage processors.  
 

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

SCOPE AND FORMAT

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

BCC ONLINE SERVICES

DISCLAIMER

SUMMARY

Summary Table:

ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET FOR SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Summary Figure:

ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET FOR SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS 2003-2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

OVERVIEW

PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF SUGARS AND SUGAR-BASED CALORIC SWEETENERS

Table 1 SOME PROPERTIES OF SUGAR AND OTHER CALORIC SWEETENERS

CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY

SUGARS

SUGAR ALCOHOLS

Table 2 PROPERTIES OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS AND SUGAR

HISTORY

Table 3 EARLY CHRONOLOGY OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

EARLY CULTIVATION OF CANE SUGAR

EARLY MARKETS FOR CANE SUGAR

OTHER SOURCES OF SUGAR BESIDES SUGAR CANE

CORN DISTILLATION AND THE FIRST CORN SWEETENERS

Table 4 LATER CHRONOLOGY OF SUGAR, OTHER SWEETENERS, AND HIS

MARKET CHANGES IN CALORIC SWEETENER USAGE

ARTIFICIAL, NONCALORIC SUGAR SUBSTITUTES

SUGAR VERSUS OTHER SWEETENERS

SUGAR VERSUS OTHER SWEETENERS (CONTINUED)

SUGAR AND SWEETENER TRENDS

SWEETENER TYPES

SUGAR (SUCROSE)

OTHER CALORIC (NUTRITIVE) SWEETENERS

Table 5 ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL NUTRITIVE SWEETENER USE IN THE U.S. (%, BASED ON APPROX. 150 LBS PER YEAR PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION)

Corn-Derived Sweeteners (HFCS, Dextrose/Glucose, etc.)

Sugar Alcohols

Minor Caloric Sweeteners (Honey, Maple Syrup, etc.)

HIGH-INTENSITY (NON-NUTRITIVE) SWEETENERS

APPLICATIONS AND ATTRIBUTES

Table 6 SOME KEY SUGAR AND SWEETENER APPLICATIONS

FLAVOR ENHANCEMENT

TEXTURE

BULK

BLENDING

MOUTH FEEL

HUMECTANCY

PRESERVATION

BROWNING

FERMENTATION

COLOR

CALORIC IMPACT

SUGAR MARKET

SUGAR MARKET

OVERALL U.S. SUGAR MARKET

Table 7 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Figure 1 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR MARKET BY TYPE, 2003-2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

SUGAR TYPES, PROPERTIES, AND FUNCTIONS

Table 8 SOME FUNCTIONS AND ADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUGARS

WHITE (REFINED) SUGAR

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning (Caramelization)

Caloric Impact

BROWN SUGARS AND MOLASSES

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

INVERT SUGAR

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

SUGAR APPLICATIONS IN THE U.S.

Table 9 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR APPLICATIONS IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGES, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS) Table 9 (CONTINUED)

U.S. SUGAR PRICES

BEVERAGES

BAKED GOODS AND CEREALS

CANDY/CONFECTIONERY

ICE CREAM AND DAIRY PRODUCTS

CANNED, BOTTLED, AND FROZEN FOODS

SUGAR MARKET ASSESSMENT

CONCLUSION

Conclusion (Continued)

OTHER SWEETENER MARKETS

OTHER SWEETENER MARKETS

Table 10 COMPARISON OF OTHER SWEETENERS WITH SUCROSE (%)

OVERALL MARKET FOR SWEETENERS OTHER THAN SUCROSE

Table 11 ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER SWEETENERS BY TYPE THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Figure 2 ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER SWEETENERS BY TYPE 2003-2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

OVERALL MARKET FOR SWEETENERS …(CONTINUED)

HFCS AND OTHER CORN-DERIVED SWEETENERS

HFCS AND CORN-DERIVED SWEETENERS MARKET

Table 12 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN-DERIVED SWEETENERS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Figure 3 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN-DERIVED SWEETENERS MARKET BY TYPE, 2003-2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONALITY BY TYPE

High Fructose Corn Syrups

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

Glucose, Dextrose, and other Corn Syrups

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

HFCS AND CORN-DERIVED SWEETENER APPLICATIONS

Table 13 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Beverages

Bakery, Cereals, and Related Bakery Products

Ice Cream and Dairy Products

Candy and Confectionery

HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER MARKET ASSESSMENT

SUGAR ALCOHOLS (POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS, POLYOLS)

Table 14 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Sugar Alcohols Market (Continued)

Table 15 COMPARISON OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS WITH SUCROSE

PROPERTIES, FUNCTIONS, AND MARKETS BY SUGAR ALCOHOL

Erythritol

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 16 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF ERYTHRITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Isomalt

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 17 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF ISOMALT IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Lactitol

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 18 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF LACTITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Maltitol

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Browning Qualities and Color

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 19 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF MALTITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Mannitol

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Browning Qualities and Color

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 20 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF MANNITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 20 (CONTINUED)

Sorbitol

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectant and Preservative Action

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 21 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF SORBITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Xylitol

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 22 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF XYLITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

SUGAR ALCOHOL APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS

Table 23 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Beverages

Bakery, Cereal, and Related Products

Dairy Products and Ice Cream

Candy and Confectionery

SUGAR ALCOHOL MARKET ASSESSMENT

Sugar Alcohol Market Assessment (Continued)

HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENERS

Table 24 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENERS

HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENERS MARKET (HIS)

Table 25 ESTIMATED U.S. HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENER MARKET BY TYPE THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Figure 4 ESTIMATED U.S. HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENER MARKET BY TYPE, 2003-2011 (MT)

PROPERTIES, FUNCTIONS, AND HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENER MARKETS

Aspartame

Aspartame (Continued)

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 26 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF ASPARTAME IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Acesulfame-K (Ace-K)

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 27 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF ACE-K IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Saccharin

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

Market Estimate and Forecast

Table 28 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF SACCHARIN IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Sucralose

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

Table 29 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF SUCRALOSE IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENER MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS

Table 30 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

High-intensity Sweetener … (Continued)

Beverages

Bakery, Cereal and Related Products

Ice Cream and Dairy Products

Candy and Confectionery

HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENER MARKET ASSESSMENT

Aspartame

Ace-K

Saccharin

Sucralose

Conclusions

OTHER CALORIC SWEETENERS

OTHER CALORIC SWEETENERS MARKET

Table 31 ESTIMATED U.S. HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP MARKET, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Figure 5 ESTIMATED U.S. HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP MARKET, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONALITY BY PRODUCT

Honey

Flavor Enhancement

Texturizing, Bulking, and Blending

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

Maple Syrup

Flavor Enhancement

Mouth Feel

Humectancy and Preservative Action

Fermentation

Color and Browning Attributes

Caloric Impact

OVERALL CONCLUSION: OTHER SWEETENERS

OVERALL CONCLUSION: … (CONTINUED)

TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF SUGAR

MONOSACCHARIDES

DISACCHARIDES

HIGHER SACCHARIDES: POLY- OR OLIGOSACCHARIDES

METHODS FOR EXTRACTION AND REFINING SUGAR

Refining of Sugar Cane

Refining of Sugar Cane (Continued)

Sugar Beet Refining

RESEARCH AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SUGAR PRODUCTION

CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF HFCS AND OTHER CORN SWEETENERS

PRODUCTION OF CORN SWEETENERS FROM CORNSTARCH

Production of HFCS from Cornstarch

TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS (POLYOLS)

HIS TECHNOLOGY

Table 32 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENERS

ASPARTAME

ACESULFAME-K

SACCHARIN

SUCRALOSE

SELECTED PATENT TECHNOLOGY

Table 33 SOME SELECTED U.S. SWEETENER PATENTS

Table 33 (CONTINUED)

SELECTED PATENT ABSTRACTS

Aspartame

Patent No. 3,492,131: Peptide Sweetening Agents

Erythritol

Fermentation Process for the Production of Erythritol (Patent No. 3,756,917)

Invert Sugar

Sorbitol

Catalytic Hydrogenation of Glucose to Produce Sorbitol (Patent No. 4,322,569)

Sucralose

Tagatose

Process for Manufacturing Tagatose (Patent No. 5,002,612)

Xylitol

Process for Making Xylitol (Patent No. 4,008,285)

Xylitol (Continued)

INDUSTRY FACTORS, CONCERNS, COMPETITIVENESS, AND TRENDS

BACKGROUND

CONCERNS OVER PROPERTIES

HEALTH ISSUES

Table 34 SOME HEALTH ISSUES CONCERNING SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

Weight Gain

Table 35 PREVALENCE STATISTICS RELATED TO THE OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE IN THE U.S., 1976-2004 (%)

Diabetes

Sugar

Corn-Derived Sweeteners

Sugar Alcohols

HIS

DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS

SUGAR (SUCROSE)

Table 36 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR BY TYPE AND APPLICATION

OTHER NUTRITIVE/ CALORIC SWEETENERS

Table 37 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF OTHER NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS BY TYPE AND APPLICATION

Table 37 (CONTINUED)

HIS

Table 38 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS FOR HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS BY TYPE AND APPLICATION

Table 38 (CONTINUED)

CURRENT STATUS OF SUGAR AND SWEETENER COMPETITIVENESS

GENERAL ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS

Marketing

Marketing (Continued)

Consumer Health Perceptions

Usage of Sugar

Usage of Other Caloric Sweeteners

The Impact of High-Intensity Sweeteners

MARKET GROWTH FACTORS

Market Shifts and Marketing Agreements

Table 39 MARKET SHARE COMPARISON OF SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS IN THE U.S., 2003-2011 (%)

Impact of Market Growth Factors

Table 40 SOME MAJOR COMPETITIVENESS FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND FOR SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS (%)

SOME TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

Table 41 PROJECTED MARKET PENETRATION OF DIFFERENT SWEETENERS IN PROCESSED FOODS AND BEVERAGES, 2006-2011 (%)

MULTIFUNCTION BEVERAGES

SWEETENER BLENDS

MODIFIED SUGAR

MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

SWEETENERS ON THE HORIZON

Alitame

Beflora

Cyclamates

Dulcin

Glycyrrhizin

Hernaculin

Inulins

Left-Handed Sugar

Miraculin

Monellins

Neotame

Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcones

Phyllodulcin

Stevioside (Stevia)

Suosans

Tagatose

Thaumatin

Thaumatin (Continued)

GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND PUBLIC ISSUES

REGULATIONS AFFECTING SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

Table 42 FEDERAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

CFR TITLE 21

CFR Title 21 (Continued)

Sugar and Nutritive Sweeteners with GRAS Status

Sweeteners with Interim GRAS Status Pending Additional Study

Recent GRAS Status Approvals

Approval Status of HIS

HIS with Interim GRAS Status Pending Additional Study

Currently Banned High Intensity Sweeteners

Other Regulations Regarding Sugar and Sweeteners

International Statutes Regulating Sugar and Sweeteners

PUBLIC CONCERNS AND ISSUES

CURRENT CONCERNS OVER HFCS

SUCRALOSE ADVERTISING PROBLEMS

Sucralose Advertising … (Continued)

BIOETHICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS

Genetically Modified Corn

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

Environmental Impacts of Sugar Cultivation

CARIES, HIS, AND OTHER PUBLIC CONCERNS

Caries, HIS, and other … (continued)

SOME INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

THE INTERNATIONAL SUGAR MARKET

INTERNATIONAL SUGAR PRODUCTION

Table 43 SUGAR PRODUCTION AND OTHER DATA FOR THE TOP 10 PRODUCERS 2005-2006

Table 44 GLOBAL SUGAR PRODUCTION AND TRADE BY REGION, 2002-2007 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 44 (CONTINUED)

INTERNATIONAL SUGAR PRICES

Table 45 PRICE OF RAW SUGAR, 2005-2007 (CENTS/LB)

Table 46 DOMESTIC RETAIL SUGAR PRICES, 2005-2006 SEASON (CENTS/LB)

European Union Plan

European Union Plan (Continued)

Mideast Sugar Refining

Price Supports and Subsidies in the U.S.

Example: The World Sugar Price/Supply Situation, Spring

U.S. SUGAR IMPORTS

U.S. Sugar Imports (Continued)

Table 47 U.S. SUGAR TARIFF RATE QUOTA IMPORTS 1994-1995 TO 2006-2007 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

THE INTERNATIONAL HFCS MARKET

Table 48 U.S. HFCS PRODUCTION AND IMPORTS, 1992-2006 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

THE INTERNATIONAL HFCS MARKET (CONTINUED)

COMPANY PROFILES

INTRODUCTION

SWEETENER MANUFACTURERS AND REFINERS/PROCESSORS

AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR CO.

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND CO.

BRITISH SUGAR, PLC

C&H SUGAR CO., INC.

CARGILL, INC.

CARGILL EUROPE/CERESTAR, INC.

CELANESE CORP./NUTRINOVA, INC. (AMERICA)

CORN PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

FLORIDA CRYSTALS CORP.

IMPERIAL SUGAR CO.

THE NUTRASWEET CO.

PENFORD CORP./PENFORD FOOD INGREDIENTS CO.

PMC SPECIALTIES GROUP, INC.

ROQUETTE AMERICA, INC.

SPHERIX INC./BIOSPHERIX

SPI POLYOLS, INC.

SUGAR CANE GROWERS COOPERATIVE OF FLORIDA

TATE & LYLE, PLC/A.E. STALEY MANUFACTURING CO.

UNITED STATES SUGAR CORP.

FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSORS

THE COCA-COLA CO.

CONAGRA FOODS, INC.

DA VINCI GOURMET

DAWN FOOD PRODUCTS, INC.

H. J. HEINZ CO.

KELLOGG CO.

KRAFT FOODS, INC.

NATIONAL BEVERAGE CORP.

NESTLÉ USA, INC.

PEPSICO

SARA LEE CORP.

THE J.M. SMUCKER CO.

UNILEVER

WILLIAM WRIGLEY JR. CO.

APPENDIX

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS…(CONTINUED)

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS…(CONTINUED)

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS…(CONTINUED)

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS…(CONTINUED)

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS…(CONTINUED)

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS…(CONTINUED)

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS…(CONTINUED)

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table:

ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET FOR SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 1 SOME PROPERTIES OF SUGAR AND OTHER CALORIC SWEETENERS

Table 2 PROPERTIES OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS AND SUGAR

Table 3 EARLY CHRONOLOGY OF SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

Table 4 LATER CHRONOLOGY OF SUGAR, OTHER SWEETENERS, AND HIS

Table 5 ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL NUTRITIVE SWEETENER USE IN THE U.S. (%, BASED ON APPROX. 150 LBS PER YEAR PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION)

Table 6 SOME KEY SUGAR AND SWEETENER APPLICATIONS

Table 7 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 8 SOME FUNCTIONS AND ADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUGARS

Table 9 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR APPLICATIONS IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGES, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 10 COMPARISON OF OTHER SWEETENERS WITH SUCROSE (%)

Table 11 ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER SWEETENERS BY TYPE THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 12 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN-DERIVED SWEETENERS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 13 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF HFCS AND CORN SWEETENER IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 14 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR ALCOHOL MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 15 COMPARISON OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS WITH SUCROSE

Table 16 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF ERYTHRITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 17 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF ISOMALT IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 18 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF LACTITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 19 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF MALTITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 20 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF MANNITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 21 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF SORBITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 22 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF XYLITOL IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 23 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF SUGAR ALCOHOLS IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 24 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENERS

Table 25 ESTIMATED U.S. HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENER MARKET BY TYPE THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Table 26 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF ASPARTAME IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Table 27 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF ACE-K IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Table 28 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF SACCHARIN IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Table 29 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF SUCRALOSE IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Table 30 ESTIMATED U.S. USAGE OF HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS IN COMMERCIAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2011 (MT)

Table 31 ESTIMATED U.S. HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP MARKET, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 32 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL HIGH-INTENSITY SWEETENERS

Table 33 SOME SELECTED U.S. SWEETENER PATENTS

Table 34 SOME HEALTH ISSUES CONCERNING SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

Table 35 PREVALENCE STATISTICS RELATED TO THE OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE IN THE U.S., 1976-2004 (%)

Table 36 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR BY TYPE AND APPLICATION

Table 37 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF OTHER NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS BY TYPE AND APPLICATION

Table 38 DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS FOR HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENERS BY TYPE AND APPLICATION

Table 39 MARKET SHARE COMPARISON OF SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS IN THE U.S., 2003-2011 (%)

Table 40 SOME MAJOR COMPETITIVENESS FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND FOR SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS (%)

Table 41 PROJECTED MARKET PENETRATION OF DIFFERENT SWEETENERS IN PROCESSED FOODS AND BEVERAGES, 2006-2011 (%)

Table 42 FEDERAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING SUGAR AND SWEETENERS

Table 43 SUGAR PRODUCTION AND OTHER DATA FOR THE TOP 10 PRODUCERS 2005-

Table 44 GLOBAL SUGAR PRODUCTION AND TRADE BY REGION, 2002-2007 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 45 PRICE OF RAW SUGAR, 2005-2007 (CENTS/LB)

Table 46 DOMESTIC RETAIL SUGAR PRICES, 2005-2006 SEASON (CENTS/LB)

Table 47 U.S. SUGAR TARIFF RATE QUOTA IMPORTS 1994-1995 TO 2006-2007 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Table 48 U.S. HFCS PRODUCTION AND IMPORTS, 1992-2006 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure:

ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET FOR SUGAR AND OTHER SWEETENERS 2003-2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Figure 1 ESTIMATED U.S. SUGAR MARKET BY TYPE, 2003-2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Figure 2 ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER SWEETENERS BY TYPE 2003-2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Figure 3 ESTIMATED U.S. HFCS AND CORN-DERIVED SWEETENERS MARKET BY TYPE, 2003-2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)

Figure 4 ESTIMATED U.S. HIGH INTENSITY SWEETENER MARKET BY TYPE, 2003-2011 (MT)

Figure 5 ESTIMATED U.S. HONEY AND MAPLE SYRUP MARKET, THROUGH 2011 (MT IN THOUSANDS)