CADMIUM MCP-2631
A GLOBAL STRATEGIC BUSINESS REPORT
CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS
Study Reliability And Reporting Limitations I-1
Disclaimers I-2
Data Interpretation & Reporting Level I-2
Quantitative Techniques & Analytics I-3
Product Definitions And Scope of Study I-3
II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Industry Outlook II-1
Cadmium Output Continues to Slowdown in Developed Countries II-1
Developing Nations in Asia Stabilize Global Cadmium Production II-1
Market Trends & Issues II-1
Nickel-Cadmium Finds Wide Acceptance in Battery Technology II-1
Table 1: Global Nickel-Cadmium Battery Market (2007):
Percentage Breakdown of Revenues by Application- Aviation,
Emergency, UPS, Tools, Military and
Remote/Alternative,Traction & Marine (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-1
Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Face Environmental Challenges II-2
Increased Demand for Cadmium Batteries Propel Prices II-2
High Cadmium Prices Influencing Buyers II-2
Cadmium Recycling to Subside Harmful Effects II-2
Global Market Overview II-2
2. Product Overview II-3
What is Cadmium? II-3
Cadmium Concentration in Various Minerals (Parts per Million) II-3
Other Source of Cadmium II-3
Physical Properties of Cadmium II-4
Major Cadmium Compounds – Uses II-4
Cadmium – Worldwide Production Trends II-4
Table 2: Global Cadmium Production in Tons (2004-2006) by
Country (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-5
Table 3: World Refinery Production in Metric Tons by Country
(2006 & 2007) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-6
Table 4: Global Cadmium Market (2002-2004): Refinery
Production in Metric Tons by Country - China, Japan, South
Korea, Kazakhstan, Canada, Mexico, and Other Countries
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-6
Table 5: Global Cadmium Market (2004): Reserves and Reserve
Base in Metric Tons by Country – China, Australia, USA,
Canada, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Russia, Japan, Germany, India,
and Other Countries (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-7
3. End-Use Applications II-8
Nickel-Cadmium Batteries II-8
Cadmium Pigments II-8
Cadmium Coatings II-8
Cadmium Stabilizers II-8
Alloys and Other Uses II-9
Cadmium Alloy Groups II-9
4. Environmental Issues II-10
Cadmium Emissions II-10
Sources of Cadmium Emissions II-10
Natural and Anthropogenic II-10
Point and Diffuse Sources II-10
Measures to Regulate Cadmium Emissions in the Environments II-10
Cadmium Disposal II-11
Collection and Recycling of Nickel-Cadmium (Nicd) Batteries II-11
Substitutes for Cadmium and Cadmium-Containing Products II-11
Environmental Challenges II-11
5. Cadmium Vs Human Health II-13
How Does Cadmium Enter the Body? II-13
How Does Cadmium Affect Health? II-13
Table 6: Sources of Human Exposure to Cadmium (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-13
Cadmium Exposure: Effects on Human Health II-13
Acute Health Problems II-13
Metal Fume Fever II-13
Respiratory Effects II-13
Gastrointestinal Effects II-14
Chronic Respiratory Effects II-14
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (Emphysema and Chronic
Bronchitis) II-14
Pulmonary Fibrosis II-14
Olfactory Impairment II-14
Kidney Effects II-14
Tubular Proteinuria II-14
Glomerular Dysfunction II-15
Chronic Renal Failure II-15
Kidney Stones II-15
Skeletal Effects II-15
Osteomalacia II-15
Osteoporosis II-15
Cancer II-15
Pulmonary Cancer II-15
Prostatic Cancer II-16
Other Cancers II-16
Other Effects II-16
6. Technological Development II-17
Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology Develops New
Production Technology II-17
7. Recent Industry Activity II-18
Teledyne Technologies Acquires Judson Technologies II-18
NREL Enters into Solar R&D Agreement with PrimeStar II-18
GE Energy to Acquire Minority Stake in PrimeStar II-18
Electro Energy Obtains Contract from US Defense Logistics Agency II-19
High Energy Batteries Plans to Extend Ni-Cadmium Batteries Line II-19
Rockwood Pigments Acquires Pigments & Dispersions Business of
Johnson Matthey II-19
Johnson Matthey Acquires Cadmium Pigments Line of Engelhard II-19
8. Focus on Select Global Players II-20
Britannia Zinc (UK) II-20
Canadian Electrolytic Zinc (Canada) II-20
Johnson Matthey, Plc. (UK) II-20
9. Global Market Perspective II-21
Table 7: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for
Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-21
Table 8: World Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by Geographic
Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia- Pacific (excluding
Japan) and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-22
Table 9: World 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by Geographic
Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for USA, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest of
World Markets for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-23
Table 10: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium Consumption in Batteries by Geographic Region – USA,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest
of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-24
Table 11: World Long-Term Projections for Cadmium Consumption
in Batteries by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest of World
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-25
Table 12: World 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium in Batteries
by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and
Rest of World Markets for Years2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-26
Table 13: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium Consumption in Pigments by Geographic Region – USA,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest
of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-27
Table 14: World Long-Term Projections for Cadmium Consumption
in Pigments by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for
Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-28
Table 15: World 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium in Pigments by
Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-29
Table 16: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium Consumption in Coatings & Plating by Geographic Region
– USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan)
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-30
Table 17: World Long-Term Projections for Cadmium Consumption
in Coatings & Plating by Geographic Region – USA, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-31
Table 18: World 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium in Coatings &
Plating by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit
Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-32
Table 19: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium Consumption in Stabilizers by Geographic Region – USA,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest
of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-33
Table 20: World Long-Term Projections for Cadmium Consumption
in Stabilizers by Geographic Region – USA, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest of World
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-34
Table 21: World 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium in Stabilizers
by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-35
Table 22: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium Consumption in Alloys & Other End-Uses by Geographic
Region – USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan) and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2001 through 2010
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-36
Table 23: World Long-Term Projections for Cadmium Consumption
in Alloys & Other End-Uses by Geographic Region – USA, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-37
Table 24: World 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium in Alloys &
Other End-Uses by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of
Unit Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003,
2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-38
III. MARKET
1. The United States III-1
A.Market Analysis III-1
Current & Future Analysis III-1
Declining Consumption of Cadmium in the US III-1
Production Trends III-1
Table 25: US Cadmium Market (2004-2006): Production in
Tons (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-1
Use of Cadmium in Vehicle Coatings Banned in California III-2
Table 26: US Cadmium Market - Imports and Exports in Metric
Tons (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-2
Major Events Affecting Cadmium Prices: A Historical Perspective III-2
Strategic Corporate Developments III-2
International Metals Reclamation Company, Inc. – A Key Player III-4
B.Market Analytics III-5
Table 27: US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings &
Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2001
through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5
Table 28: US Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by End-Use
Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5
Table 29: US 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by End- Use
Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for Batteries,
Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys &
Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-6
2. Canada III-7
A.Market Analysis III-7
Current & Future Analysis III-7
Table 30: Canadian Cadmium Market (2004-2006): Production
in Tons (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-7
Table 31: Number of Secondary NiCd Batteries Sold
(Consumer & Household Batteries) in Canada in Thousand
Units for Years 2004 and 2010 III-7
Canadian Electrolytic Zinc – A Key Player III-7
B.Market Analytics III-8
Table 32: Canadian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments,
Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-8
Table 33: Canadian Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-8
Table 34: Canadian 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and
Alloys & Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-9
3. Japan III-10
A.Market Analysis III-10
Current & Future Analysis III-10
Table 35: Leading Players in the Japanese Cadmium Market
(2003): Production in Tons for Toho Zinc; Dowa Mining;
Sumitomo Metal Mining; Nippon Mining and Metals; and Mitsui
Mining and Smelting (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-10
Table 36: Japanese Cadmium Market (2002-2004): Production
in Metric Tons (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-10
Table 37: Secondary Nickel Cadmium Battery Sales in Japan
in Thousand Units (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-11
B.Market Analytics III-11
Table 38: Japanese Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments,
Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-11
Table 39: Japanese Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-12
Table 40: Japanese 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and
Alloys & Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-12
4. Europe III-13
A.Market Analysis III-13
Current & Future Analysis III-13
Strict Legislations to Control Cadmium Emissions in Europe III-13
Table 41: Cadmium Market in Europe (2004-2006): Production
in Tons by Country- Bulgaria, France, Germany, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland and Russia (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-13
Table 42: Permissible Cadmium Limits in Fertilizers and
Soil (2000) III-14
B.Market Analytics III-14
Table 43: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Cadmium by Geographic Region – France, Germany, Italy,
United Kingdom and Rest of Europe Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2001
through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-14
Table 44: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments,
Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for
Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-15
Table 45: European Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
Geographic Region – France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom
and Rest of Europe Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-15
Table 46: European Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-16
Table 47: European 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by
Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom and Rest of Europe
Markets for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-16
Table 48: European 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by
Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and
Alloys & Others Markets for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-17
4a. France III-18
Market Analysis III-18
Table 49: French Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings &
Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2001
through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-18
Table 50: French Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-19
Table 51: French 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by End-Use
Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for Batteries,
Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys &
Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-19
4b. Germany III-20
A.Market Analysis III-20
Current & Future Analysis III-20
Ni-Cd Batteries – Major Source of Cadmium Emissions III-20
B.Market Analytics III-20
Table 52: German Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings &
Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2001
through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-20
Table 53: German Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-21
Table 54: German 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by End-Use
Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for Batteries,
Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys &
Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-21
4c. Italy III-22
Market Analysis III-22
Table 55: Italian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments,
Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for
Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-22
Table 56: Italian Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-23
Table 57: Italian 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and
Alloys & Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-23
4d. The United Kingdom III-24
A.Market Analysis III-24
Current & Future Analysis III-24
Key Players III-24
Britannia Zinc III-24
Johnson Matthey Plc. III-24
B.Market Analytics III-25
Table 58: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings
& Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2001
through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-25
Table 59: UK Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by End-Use
Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-25
Table 60: UK 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by End-Use
Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for Batteries,
Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys &
Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-26
4e. Rest of Europe III-27
A.Market Analysis III-27
Current & Future Analysis III-27
Denmark III-27
Strict Legislation Regulates Cadmium Consumption III-27
B.Market Analytics III-28
Table 61: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries,
Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys &
Others Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-28
Table 62: Rest of Europe Long-Term Projections for Cadmium
by End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings &
Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-28
Table 63: Rest of Europe 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and
Alloys & Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-29
5. Asia Pacific III-30
A.Market Analysis III-30
Current & Future Analysis III-30
China III-30
Cadmium Demand Surges III-30
Table 64: Chinese Cadmium Market (2005 & 2006): Production
in Tons III-30
Strategic Corporate Developments III-30
B.Market Analytics III-31
Table 65: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Cadmium by End-Use Segment – Batteries,
Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys &
Others Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-31
Table 66: Asia-Pacific Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-31
Table 67: Asia-Pacific 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and
Alloys & Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-32
6. Rest of World III-33
A.Market Analysis III-33
Current & Future Analysis III-33
Met-Mex Penoles (Mexico) - A Key Player III-33
B.Market Analytics III-34
Table 68: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Cadmium by End-Use Segment - Batteries,
Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and Alloys &
Others Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-34
Table 69: Rest of World Long-Term Projections for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment - Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating,
Stabilizers and Alloys & Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Tons for Years 2011 through 2015
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-34
Table 70: Rest of World 10-Year Perspective for Cadmium by
End-Use Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Batteries, Pigments, Coatings & Plating, Stabilizers and
Alloys & Others for Years 2003, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-35
IV. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
Alzinc (Algeria)
Asturiana de Zinc SA (Spain)
Boliden Odda AS (Norway)
Budel Zinc BV (The Netherlands)
Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant (Russia)
Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. (Japan)
Espanola Del Zinc SA (Spain)
ESPI Corp., Inc. (USA)Falconbridge Limited (Canada)Floridienne Chimie SA (Belgium)
High Energy Batteries (India)
Ltd. (India)
Hindustan Zinc Limited (India)
Industrial Minera México SA DE CV (Mexico)
Industrias Penoles SA de CV (Mexico)
International Metals Reclamation Company, Inc. (USA)
Johnson Matthey PLC (UK)KCM SA (Bulgaria)
Korea Zinc Co., Ltd. (South Korea)
Outokumpu Mining Oy (Finland)
Pasminco Ltd. (Australia)
Portovesme Srl (Italy)
PPM Pure Metals GmbH (Germany)
Rockwood Pigments NA, Inc. (USA)
San Luis Potosi Zinc Refinery (Mexico)
Societe Nouvelle Daffinage Des MetauxSnam (France)
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. (Japan)Teck Cominco Limited (Canada)
The IMC Group (USA)
Toho Zinc Co., Ltd. (Japan)