World Chromium Market

World Chromium Market

This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Chromium in Thousands of Metric Tons. The major end-use segments discussed are Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel & Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, & Other Miscellaneous Applications), and Refractory Industry. The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Rest of World. Annual forecasts are provided for each region for the period of 2001 through 2015. A ten-year historic analysis is also provided for these markets with annual market analytics. The report profiles 86 companies including many key and niche players worldwide such as ASA Metals (Pty.) Ltd., Companhia De Ferro Ligas Da Bahia Ferbasa, Consolidated Minerals Limited, Merafe Resources Limited, Nippon Denko Co. Limited, Outokumpu OY, Samancor, Tata Steel, and Xstrata Plc. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are mostly extracted from URL research and reported select online sources.

CHROMIUM MCP-2632
A GLOBAL STRATEGIC BUSINESS REPORT


CONTENTS


I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS
Study Reliability And Reporting Limitations I-1
Disclaimers I-2
Data Interpretation & Reporting Level I-2
Quantitative Techniques & Analytics I-3
Product Definitions and Scope of Study I-3
End-use Segments I-4
Metallurgical Industry I-4
Chemical Industry I-4
Refractory Industry I-4


II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Global Market Overview II-1
Current and Future Analysis II-1
Table 1: Global Chromium Market (2004-2006): Production
Breakdown of Chromite by Country/ Region (In ‘000 Metric
Tons) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-2

Table 2: Global Chromium Mine Reserve and Reserve Base
(Shipping Grade) of Select Major Countries for the Year 2006
(In ‘000 Metric Tons) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-2

2. Industry Overview II-3
Chrome Crisis Impacts Stainless Steel Production II-4
Chrome Market Looks for Stabilization II-4
Outlook II-5
Chromium Metals II-5
Chromium Chemicals II-5
Chromite Classification: By Content II-5
Table 3: Global Production of Ferrochromium by Geographic
Region/Country for the Years 2004-2006 (In '000 Metric Tons)
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-6

3. Product Profile II-7
Effects of Chromium and Glucose During Pregnancy II-8
Chromium: Nutraceutical for Diabetes II-8
Chromium Picolinate Market Experiences Increased Demand II-8
Chromium Picolinate Minimizes Symptoms of Syndrome X II-9
Exposure to Chromium - Associated Risks II-9
Health Effects of Short Term Exposure II-9
Health Effects of long Term Exposure II-9
OSHA Regulates Hexavalent Chromium PEL II-9
Exposure of Occupational Hexavalent Chromium Leads to Lung
Cancer II-9
Environment II-9

4. Cost Structure of Chromite Ore II-10

5. Chromite Classification: By Content II-11
Chromium Forms II-11
Chromite Ore and Concentrate II-11
Chromium Ferroalloys II-11
Chromium Metals II-11
Chromium Chemicals II-11
Chromium Oxides II-11
Chromium Sulphates II-11
Peroxometallic Acids II-11
Pigments and Preparations II-11

6. Product Classification: By End Use II-14
Metallurgical Industry II-14
Additional Uses in Metallurgy II-14
Chemical Industry II-14
Chromium Chemicals in the Wood Preservation Industry II-15
Chromium Electroplating Industry II-15
Refractory Industry II-16
Other End Uses of Chromium II-16

7. Steel Industry: The Major End User of Chromium II-17

Role of Chromium in Stainless Steel II-18
Chromium Applications in the Stainless Steel Industry II-18

8. Alternatives of Chromium in the End Use Industries II-19

Substitutes II-19
Hexavalent Chromium Alternatives II-20
Chromium-Based Alternatives II-20
Cobalt-Based Alternatives II-20
Nickel-Based Alternatives II-20
Tin-Based Alternatives II-21
Inorganic Alternatives II-21

9. Environmental Considerations II-22
Effects of Chromium Pollution II-22
Treatments to Remove Chromium Contamination II-23
Water Pollution II-23
Soil Contamination II-24
Air Pollution II-24
Guidelines for Chromium Pollution Prevention II-24

10. Recent Industry Activity II-26
ENRC Takes Over 50% Interest in Chinese Ferroalloys Plant II-26
ENRC Acquires Major Stake in Serov Ferroalloys Plant II-26
Mechel Acquires Oriel II-26
Aalberts Takes Over Duralloy II-26
Typhoon Takes Over Chromium and Platinum Rich Mining Claims
in Quebec II-26
Chromex Acquires Outstanding Shares in Ilitha II-26
AMCOL Signs Agreement to Acquire Interest in Chrome Mine II-27
Outotec to Offer Ferrochrome Technology to South Africa- based
ASA Metals II-27
Outokumpu Plans Capacity Expansion of Ferrochrome in Finland II-27
ASA Metals to Expand ferrochromium Capacity by Threefold II-28
Baosteel Inks Three-Year Contract with Jiannanchun II-28
Sylvania Resources Extends Agreement with Samancor Chrome II-28
Champion Pipe to Merge with Mitsui Tubular II-28
Tata Steel Takes Over Rawmet Industries II-29
Lanxess Acquires Dow’s Chrome Chemicals Business II-29
Kennametal Takes Over Purity Metal Holdings II-29
Sinosteel Announces Acquisition of Zimasco II-29
Kazakmys Acquires ENRC Shares II-29
China Minmetals to Obtain South African Ferrochrome Deposit
Exploration Rights II-29
VISA Steel Signs a Joint Venture Agreement with Baosteel II-30
Glencore Agrees to Market Chromium Ore from Voskhod II-30
ENRC to Re-open Chromium Plant II-30
Sinosteel to Enhance Jilin’s Capacity with Joint Agreement II-30
Oriel Commences Smelting at Tikhvin Ferrochrome Plant II-30
Klyuchevsky Inks an Agreement with Elementis and Networld
Trading II-31
Baoshan Enters into Partnership Agreement with Sinosteel II-31
Sulzer Metco Launches Braze Alloy Filler Metals II-31
Oriel Completes Acquisition of Tikhvin II-32
ICCL Merges with IMFA II-32
Kermas Acquires Samancor II-32
Basell Takes Over Ineos Silicas’ Chromium Catalyst Business II-32
Nutrition 21 Enters Into Agreement with Dong Sung II-32

11. Focus on Select Players II-33
ASA Metals (Pty.) Ltd. (South Africa) II-33
Companhia De Ferro Ligas Da Bahia Ferbasa (Brazil) II-33
Consolidated Minerals Limited (Australia) II-33
Merafe Resources Limited (South Africa) II-33
Nippon Denko Co. Limited (Japan) II-34
Outokumpu OY (Finland) II-34
Samancor (South Africa) II-34
Tata Steel (India) II-35
Xstrata Plc (Switzerland) II-35

12. Global Market Perspective II-36
Table 4: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Chromium by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-36

Table 5: World Long-term Projections for Chromium by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thous and
Metric Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-37

Table 6: World Historic Review for Chromium by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-38

Table 7: World 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by Geographic
Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-39

Table 8: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Metallurgical Industry by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-40

Table 9: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Metallurgical Industry by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-41

Table 10: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Metallurgical Industry by Geographic Region - US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through
2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-42

Table 11: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Metallurgical Industry by Geographic Region –
Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest
of World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-43

Table 12: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Metallurgical Industry by End-Use
Segment - Stainless Steel and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous
Alloys Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-44

Table 13: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Metallurgical Industry by End-Use Segment -
Stainless Steel and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Metric Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-44

Table 14: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium
in Metallurgical Industry by End-Use Segment - Stainless
Steel and Other Steels & Non- Ferrous Alloys Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-45

Table 15: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Metallurgical Industry by End-Use Segment –
Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for Stainless Steel and
Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys Markets for Years 1998,
2008 & 2012 II-45

Table 16: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Stainless Steel by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Market Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-46

Table 17: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Stainless Steel by Geographic Region - US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific excluding Japan), Latin America,
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011 through
2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-47

Table 18: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Stainless Steel by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-48

Table 19: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Stainless Steel by Geographic Region – Percentage
Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-49

Table 20: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys
by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-50

Table 21: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Metric Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-51

Table 22: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991
through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-52

Table 23: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys by Geographic
Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America
and Rest of World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-53

Table 24: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Chemical Industry by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-54

Table 25: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Chemical Industry by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-55

Table 26: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Chemical Industry by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-56

Table 27: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Chemical Industry by Geographic Region –
Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest
of World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-57

Table 28: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Chemical Industry by End-Use
Segment - Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Application Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-58

Table 29: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Chemical Industry by End-Use Segment - Leather
Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments,
Aerospace, and Other Chemical Application Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Metric Tons for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-59

Table 30: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Chemical Industry by End-Use Segment - Leather Tanning, Metal
Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other
Chemical Application Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991
through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-60

Table 31: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Chemical Industry by End-Use Segment – Percentage
Breakdown of Unit Sales for Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing,
Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Application Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-61

Table 32: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Leather Tanning by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-62

Table 33: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Leather Tanning by Geographic Region - US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011 through
2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-63

Table 34: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium
in Leather Tanning by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-64

Table 35: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Leather Tanning by Geographic Region – Percentage
Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-65

Table 36: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Metal Finishing by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-66

Table 37: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Metal Finishing by Geographic Region - US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011 through
2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-67

Table 38: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium
in Metal Finishing by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-68

Table 39: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Metal Finishing by Geographic Region – Percentage
Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-69

Table 40: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Timber Preservation by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-70

Table 41: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Timber Preservation by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-71

Table 42: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Timber Preservation by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-72

Table 43: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Timber Preservation by Geographic Region –
Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-73

Table 44: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Pigments by Geographic Region -
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for
Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-74

Table 45: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Pigments by Geographic Region - US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011 through
2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-75

Table 46: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Pigments by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of
World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures
in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-76

Table 47: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Pigments by Geographic Region – Percentage
Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-77

Table 48: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Aerospace by Geographic Region -
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-78

Table 49: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Aerospace by Geographic Region - US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011 through
2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-79

Table 50: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium
in Aerospace by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-80

Table 51: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Aerospace by Geographic Region – Percentage
Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and Rest of
World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-81

Table 52: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Other Chemical Applications by
Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(excluding Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand
Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-82

Table 53: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Other Chemical Applications by Geographic Region -
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan),
Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-83

Table 54: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Other Chemical Applications by Geographic Region - US, Canada,
Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America,
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through
2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-84

Table 55: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Other Chemical Applications by Geographic Region –
Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-85

Table 56: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Consumption of Chromium in Refractory Industry by Geographic
Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia- Pacific (excluding
Japan), Latin America, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-86

Table 57: World Long-term Projections for Consumption of
Chromium in Refractory Industry by Geographic Region - US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin
America, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-87

Table 58: World Historic Review for Consumption of Chromium in
Refractory Industry by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America, and
Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-88

Table 59: World 15-Year Perspective for Consumption of
Chromium in Refractory Industry by Geographic Region –
Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America and
Rest of World Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-89


III. MARKET

1. The United States III-1
A.Market Analysis III-1
Market Overview III-1
Table 60: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Chromium Ores and Concentrates by Destination
Country/Region (In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-2

Table 61: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Chromium Oxides and Hydroxides by Destination
Country/Region (In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-3

Table 62: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Chromium Trioxide by Destination Country/Region (In US$
Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-4

Table 63: US Chromium Market (2006): Value Exports of
Chromium Sulphates by Destination Country/Region (In US$)
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-4

Table 64: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Pigments and Preparations based on Chromium Compounds by
Destination Country/ Region (In US$ Thousand) (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5

Table 65: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Ferro-Chromium (> 4% of Carbon) by Destination
Country/Region (In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-6

Table 66: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Ferro-Chromium (< 4% of Carbon) by Destination
Country/Region (In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-7

Table 67: US Chromium Market (2007): Value Exports of
Ferro-Silico-Chromium by Destination Country/Region (In
US$) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-7

Table 68: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Chromium (Unwrought and Powders) by Destination
Country/Region (In US$ Thousand) III-8

Table 69: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Chromium (Waste and Scrap) by Destination Country/Region
(In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-9

Table 70: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Exports
of Chromium (Other Articles NES) by Destination
Country/Region (In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-9

Table 71: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Chromium Ores and Concentrates by Countries of Origin
(In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-10

Table 72: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Chromium Oxides and Hydroxides by Countries of Origin
(In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-10

Table 73: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Chromium Trioxide by Countries of Origin (In US$
Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-11

Table 74: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Pigments and Preparations based on Chromium Compounds
by Countries of Origin (In US$ Thousand) (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-11

Table 75: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Ferro-Chromium (> 4% of Carbon) by Countries of Origin
(In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-12

Table 76: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Ferro-Chromium (< 4% of Carbon) by Countries of Origin
(In US$ Thousand) III-12

Table 77: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Chromium (Unwrought and Powders) by Countries of Origin
(In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-13

Table 78: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Chromium (Waste and Scrap) by Countries of Origin (In
US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-13

Table 79: US Chromium Market (2006 & 2007): Value Imports
of Chromium (Other Articles NES) by Countries of Origin
(In US$ Thousand) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-14
Strategic Corporate Developments III-14
B.Market Analytics III-15
Table 80: US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-15

Table 81: US Long-term Projections for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and
Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thous and Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-16

Table 82: US Historic Review for Chromium by End-Use Segment –
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-17

Table 83: US 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets for 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-18

2. Canada III-19
A.Market Analysis III-19
Strategic Corporate Development III-19
B.Market Analytics III-20
Table 84: Canadian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-20

Table 85: Canadian Long-term Projections for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel,
and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-21

Table 86: Canadian Historic Review for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and
Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991
through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-22

Table 87: Canadian 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets for 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-23

3. Japan III-24
A.Market Analysis III-24
Nippon Denko Co. Limited – A Major Player III-24
B.Market Analytics III-25
Table 88: Japanese Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-25

Table 89: Japanese Long-term Projections for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel,
and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-26

Table 90: Japanese Historic Review for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other
Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather
Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments,
Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory
Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-27

Table 91: Japanese 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets for 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-28

4. Europe III-29
A.Market Analysis III-29
Strategic Corporate Developments III-29
B.Market Analytics III-30
Table 92: European Recent Past, Recent Past, Current &
Future Analysis for Chromium by Geographic Region - France,
Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia, and Rest of Europe
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-30

Table 93: European Long-term Projections for Chromium by
Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain,
Russia, and Rest of Europe Markets Independently Analyzed
with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years
2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-31

Table 94: European Historic Review for Chromium by
Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain,
Russia, and Rest of Europe Markets Independently Analyzed
with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years
1991 through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-32

Table 95: European 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by
Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia, and Rest of
Europe Markets for Years 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-33

Table 96: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-34

Table 97: European Long-term Projections for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel,
and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years
2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-35

Table 98: European Historic Review for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and
Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991
through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-36

Table 99: European 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets for 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-37

4a. France III-38
Market Analysis III-38
Table 100: French Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non- Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-39

Table 101: French Long-term Projections for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel,
and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-40

Table 102: French Historic Review for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and
Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991
through 2000 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-41

Table 103: French 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets for 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-42

4b. Germany III-43
A.Market Analysis III-43
Market Dynamics III-43
B.Market Analytics III-44
Table 104: German Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-44

Table 105: German Long-term Projections for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel,
and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years
2011 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-45

Table 106: German Historic Review for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel,and Other
Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather
Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments,
Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory
Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-46

Table 107: German 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets for 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-47

4c. The United Kingdom III-48
A.Market Analysis III-48
Strategic Corporate Developments III-48
B.Market Analytics III-49
Table 108: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-49

Table 109: UK Long-term Projections for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and
Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-50

Table 110: UK Historic Review for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other
Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather
Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments,
Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory
Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-51

Table 111: UK 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets for 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-52

4d. Italy III-53
Market Analysis III-53
Table 112: Italian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-54

Table 113: Italian Long-term Projections for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel,
and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 2011
through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-55

Table 114: Italian Historic Review for Chromium by End-Use
Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other
Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather
Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments,
Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory
Industry Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in Thousand Metric Tons for Years 1991 through 2000
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-56

Table 115: Italian 15-Year Perspective for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Breakdown of Unit Sales for
Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel, and Other Steels &
Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning,
Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace,
and Other Chemical Applications), and Refractory Industry
Markets for 1998, 2008 & 2012 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-57

4e. Spain III-58
Market Analysis III-58
Table 116: Spanish Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Chromium by End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry
(Stainless Steel, and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys),
Chemical Industry (Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber
Preservation, Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical
Applications), and Refractory Industry Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in Thousand Metric Tons
for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-59

Table 117: Spanish Long-term Projections for Chromium by
End-Use Segment – Metallurgical Industry (Stainless Steel,
and Other Steels & Non-Ferrous Alloys), Chemical Industry
(Leather Tanning, Metal Finishing, Timber Preservation,
Pigments, Aerospace, and Other Chemical Applications), and
Refractory Industry M