Remote Sensing Technologies and Global Markets

This BCC Research study provides an overview of the remote sensing industry and 2016 to 2021 national-level forecasts for nine application-oriented markets.

Use this report to:

Gain information about the remote sensing industry, with descriptions of important applications including weather forecasting, intelligence gathering, climate change, and public health.
Understand how recent technological changes will alter the remote sensing market.
Receive information about the major patents and remote sensing research programs Receive forecasts of remote sensing application areas and supporting data.

Highlights

The global market for remote sensing products reached $8.4 billion in 2015. This market should reach nearly $8.9 billion in 2016 and $13.8 billion by 2021, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.3% over the five-year period from 2016 to 2021.
Space-based - conventional platforms as a segment should reach $3.3 billion in 2016 and $4.3 billion in 2021, a CAGR of 5.3% over the five-year period from 2016 to 2021.
Airborne - unmanned platforms as a segment should reach $503.0 billion in 2016 and $2.3 billion in 2021, a CAGR of 36.1% over the five-year period from 2016 to 2021.

INTRODUCTION

The remote sensing industry creates products and services that extend, enhance and organize the way we see the world. The industry’s global network of precisely calibrated instruments mounted on airborne, aquatic, space-based and terrestrial platforms capture infinitesimally small amounts of energy reflected from targets at distances from feet to miles away, and transform it into products and services that provide information for applications from predicting harvests to protecting wildlife and preventing pandemics.

In 2015, the $8.4-billion remote sensing enterprise was dominated by a handful of government space, maritime and weather forecasting agencies along with several private companies with roots in the national defense and intelligence communities.

BCC Research forecasts that by 2021 the commercial portion of the enterprise will have broken into hundreds of small, entrepreneurially driven enterprises. A growing free data and free software movement is strongly supported by space agencies in the United States and Europe. It is involved in expanding remote sensing research programs sponsored by Mainland China making it possible to extract more useful information from what the industry has traditionally regarded as low-cost products.

This upsets the notion that its economic future rests with developing higher resolution imaging. That transition has already led to extensive consolidation among the industries pioneering commercial remote sensing ventures. In the U.S. only one of those pioneers remains, now known as DigitalGlobe. In Europe, the business is dominated by aerospace giant Airbus Defense & Space Group. At the same time newcomers are attempting to create a new generation of remote sensing platforms offering more frequent and less expensive data collection from lightweight drone aircraft and satellites weighing as little as 13 pounds. These are built from off-the-shelf parts and delivered to orbit by commercial rocket companies. BCC Research anticipates that by 2021 many of the uncertainties surrounding this faster-cheaper approach to platform building will have resolved in a positive direction. Thus, while the per square kilometer (sq. km) cost of creating remote sensing products will fall from tens of dollars to as little as pennies, expanded global demand will increase the value of the global business at a 9.3% compound annual growth rate, to reach nearly $14 billion by 2021.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 3
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 3
INTENDED AUDIENCE 3
SCOPE OF REPORT 4
METHODOLOGY 4
INFORMATION SOURCES 4
ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 4
RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 5
BCC RESEARCH WEBSITE 5
DISCLAIMER 5
CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 7
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS BY
PLATFORM, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 9
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS BY
PLATFORM, 2015-2021 ($ MILLIONS) 9
CHAPTER 3 REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY 11
REMOTELY SENSED PHENOMENA 12
TABLE 31 LIST OF JAPANESE REMOTE SENSING ORGANIZATIONS 12
PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS 13
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 13
TABLE 2 BANDS COMMONLY USED IN REMOTE SENSING 14
SEISMIC INSTRUMENTS 15
TABLE 3 SEISMIC SENSORS (VOLT/METER) 15
INFRASOUND 16
TABLE 4 APPLICATIONS FOR INFRASONIC SYSTEMS 16
GRAVITATIONAL INSTRUMENTS 17
ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS 18
RADAR 18
TABLE 5 RADAR BANDS 19
TABLE 6 RESOLUTION AND PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND PENETRATING
RADAR 20
LASERS AND LIDAR 20
SONAR 21
RECENT REMOTE SENSING PATENTS 21
TABLE 7 RECENT U.S. PATENTS ISSUED FOR REMOTE SENSING-RELATED
INVENTIONS, AUG. 2011-NOV. 2015 22
REMOTE SENSING PLATFORMS 23
TABLE 8 COST CONSIDERATIONS BY TYPE OF PLATFORM* 24
TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST BY TYPE OF PLATFORM, THROUGH 2021 ($
MILLIONS) 25
AIRBORNE PLATFORMS 25
TABLE 10 NASA MANNED AIRBORNE PLATFORMS 26
TABLE 11 NOAA MANNED AIRBORNE PLATFORMS 26
AQUATIC PLATFORMS 27
TABLE 12 COUNTRIES OPERATING RESEARCH VESSELS 27
TABLE 13 U.S. ACADEMIC VESSELS* 28
TABLE 14 LIST OF ARGOS MEMBERS 29
TABLE 15 NEPTUNE CANADA INSTRUMENT LOCATIONS 30
TABLE 16 NEPTUNE CANADA INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES 31
SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS 31
TABLE 17 SPACE FARING NATIONS 31
TABLE 18 LIST OF SPACE-BASED LAND OBSERVATION PLATFORMS USED IN
AGRICULTURE* 32
TABLE 19 LIST OF SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES* 34
TABLE 20 LIST OF SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS FOR SNOW AND ICE STUDIES* 36
TABLE 21 LIST OF SATELLITES USED FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT* 36
TABLE 22 LIST OF SPACE-BASED REMOTE SENSING FOR HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES* 37
TABLE 23 LIST OF SPACE-BASED OCEAN OBSERVATION PLATFORMS* 38
TABLE 24 LIST OF SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS WITH SECURITY APPLICATIONS* 39
TABLE 25 EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS BY COUNTRY 40
TABLE 26 EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS BY SPONSOR 44
TABLE 27 AIRBORNE AND SPACE-BASED REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENT MISSION
ASSIGNMENTS 49
FIGURE 1 THE ESA EARTH OBSERVATION PORTAL 56
TERRESTRIAL PLATFORMS 57
TABLE 28 C-MAN BASELINE DATASETS 59
MOBILE TERRESTRIAL PLATFORMS 59
EARTHSCOPE 59
CHAPTER 4 THE REMOTE SENSING COMMUNITY 63
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING 63
DIGITALGLOBE 63
EARTH SATELLITE CORP. 64
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY 64
GLOBAL EARTH OBSERVATION SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS (GEOSS) 65
TABLE 29 LIST OF GEOSS PARTICIPATING MEMBERS 65
TABLE 30 LIST OF GEOSS ORGANIZATIONS BY COUNTRY 67
TABLE 31 LIST OF JAPANESE REMOTE SENSING ORGANIZATIONS 69
INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION (ISRO) 69
MDA INFORMATION SYSTEMS INC. 70
OPEN GEOSPACE CONSORTIUM 70
SCANEX 71
SURREY SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY LTD. (SST) 71
UNOSAT/UNITAR 71
U.S.-EOS-THE EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM PROGRAM 72
U.S.-NASA 72
US-NOAA-ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING 73
TABLE 32 MEMBERSHIP OF THE NOAA ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON COMMERCIAL
REMOTE SENSING 73
US-INTEGRATED PROGRAM OFFICE 74
US-USGS CENTER FOR EARTH RESOURCES OBSERVATION AND SCIENCE 74
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION - OSCAR PORTAL 75
CHAPTER 5 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ALL MARKETS 77
TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REMOTE SENSING BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021
($ MILLIONS) 77
TABLE 34 GLOBAL FASTEST GROWING MARKET BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($
MILLIONS) 78
TABLE 35 GLOBAL APPLICATION-ORIENTED MARKET BY SIZE, THROUGH 2021 ($
MILLIONS) 79
TABLE 36 GLOBAL APPLICATION-ORIENTED MARKET BY GROWTH, THROUGH 2021
($ MILLIONS) 79
SURFACE AND LAND AREA 80
TABLE 37 LIST OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES BY SURFACE AND LAND AREA, 2016
(MILLION SQ KM) 80
NATURAL RESOURCES 81
TABLE 38 NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE 10 LARGEST AREA NATIONS, 2015 82
MEASURABLE TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 83
TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 83
TABLE 39 LIST OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
CAPABILITY*, 2000 ($ MILLIONS) 84
ACCESS TO SPACE 84
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACCESS 85
TABLE 40 NUMBER OF INTERNET USERS OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH TELECOM
ACCESS, 2014 85
TABLE 41 NUMBER OF WIRED BROADBAND SUBSCRIBERS OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES
WITH TELECOM ACCESS, 2015 85
TABLE 42 NUMBER OF LAND LINE SUBSCRIBERS OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH
TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE, 2015 86
WORKFORCE PREPAREDNESS 86
TABLE 43 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST NUMBER OF TERTIARY EDUCATED
WORKERS, 2015 87
TABLE 44 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF RESIDENT PATENT
APPLICATIONS: MOST INNOVATIVE WORKFORCES, 2014 87
TABLE 45 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF R&D TECHNICIANS,
2015 (MILLIONS OF POPULATION) 88
TABLE 46 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST NUMBER OF RESEARCHERS IN R &D,
2015 (MILLIONS OF POPULATION) 88
NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS FOR REMOTE SENSING 89
TABLE 47 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PREPAREDNESS RANKING, 2015 89
CHAPTER 6 MARKET SPECIFIC DRIVERS 91
TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET OF APPLICATION AREAS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 91
FORECAST TABLES AND SUPPORTING DATA 92
AGRICULTURE MARKET DRIVERS 92
TABLE 49 LARGEST MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 93
TABLE 50 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN AGRICULTURE
BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 93
CLIMATE RESEARCH MARKET DRIVERS 96
TABLE 51 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN CLIMATE RESEARCH BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 97
TABLE 52 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN CLIMATE
RESEARCH BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 97
DISASTER MANAGEMENT MARKET DRIVERS 98
TABLE 53 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 98
TABLE 54 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 99
ENERGY MARKET DRIVERS 100
TABLE 55 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN ENERGY INDUSTRIES BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 100
TABLE 56 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN ENERGY
INDUSTRIES BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 101
FORESTRY MARKET DRIVERS 102
TABLE 57 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN FORESTRY BY COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 102
TABLE 58 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN FORESTRY BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 103
HYDROLOGY MARKET DRIVERS 104
TABLE 59 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN HYDROLOGY BY COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 60 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN HYDROLOGY BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 104
INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET DRIVERS 105
TABLE 61 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN INFRASTRUCTURE BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 105
TABLE 62 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN
INFRASTRUCTURE BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 106
OCEANOGRAPHY MARKET DRIVERS 107
TABLE 63 LARGEST MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING OCEANOGRAPHY BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 107
TABLE 64 FASTEST GROWING MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING
OCEANOGRAPHY BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 108
SECURITY MARKET DRIVERS 108
TABLE 65 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN SECURITY BY COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 109
TABLE 66 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN SECURITY BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 109
CHAPTER 7 AGRICULTURAL FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS 112
TABLE 67 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 112
TABLE 68 LAND SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE (MILLION SQ KM) 112
TABLE 69 REGIONS WITH BELOW AVERAGE CEREAL YIELD, 2014 (KG PER HECTARE) 113
TABLE 70 TOP TWO REMOTE SENSING MARKETS BY PERMANENT CROPLAND (SQ
KM) 113
TABLE 71 TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING AGRICULTURAL WATER, 2014 (BILLION CUBIC
METERS) 114
TABLE 72 GLOBAL DATA FOR UNDER NOURISHMENT VERSUS WEALTH BY
COUNTRY, 2014 (KILOCALORIES PER PERSON PER DAY/GDP PER CAPITA $) 115
AGRICULTURE-RELATED PROJECTS 116
CROP MONITORING RESEARCHERS 116
IRRIGATION RESEARCHERS 122
PLANT DISEASES AND PEST CONTROL 124
AQUICULTURE 125
PRECISION FARMING 125
CHAPTER 8 CLIMATE RESEARCH FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS 127
TABLE 73 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING CLIMATE RESEARCH BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 127
TABLE 74 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING IN CLIMATE RESEARCH
STUDIES BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 128
TABLE 75 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING EXTREME WEATHER
FORECASTING BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 128
TABLE 76 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN 90% DEPENDENCY ON FOSSIL
FUELS, 2015 (%) 129
TABLE 77 TOP 25 USERS OF COAL FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2015 (MILLION
KILOWATT HOURS) 131
TABLE 78 TOP 25 USERS OF NATURAL GAS FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2015 (MILLION
KILOWATT HOURS) 131
TABLE 79 TOP 25 USERS OF OIL FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2015 (MILLION KILOWATT
HOURS) 132
TABLE 80 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN $1 BILLION IN CO2 DAMAGE,
2014 ($ BILLIONS) 133
TABLE 81 TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH CO2 EMISSIONS FROM GASEOUS FUEL
COMBUSTION, 2015 (KILOTONS) 134
TABLE 82 TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH CO2 EMISSIONS FROM LIQUID FUEL
COMBUSTION (KILOTONS) 134
TABLE 83 TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH CO2 EMISSIONS FROM SOLID FUEL
COMBUSTION, 2015 (KILOTONS) 135
TABLE 84 LIST OF COUNTRIES WHERE ADJUSTED SAVINGS RELATED TO CARBON
DIOXIDE EXCEEDS 1% OF GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, 2015 (%) 136
CLIMATE RESEARCH PROJECT 136
CHAPTER 9 DISASTER MANAGEMENT FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 144
TABLE 85 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING DISASTER MANAGEMENT,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 144
TABLE 86 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING DISASTER RESPONSE,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 145
TABLE 87 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING PUBLIC HEALTH,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 145
TABLE 88 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST RISK FROM DROUGHTS, FLOODS
AND EXTREME TEMPERATURES, 2014 (%) 147
TABLE 89 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH DOUBLE ANNUAL RAINFALL, 2014* 148
TABLE 90 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH ONE-THIRD LAND BELOW 5 METERS, 2015* 148
TABLE 91 LIST OF TOP 50 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST SOCIOECONOMIC RISK
BASED ON POVERTY GAP, 2014* (%) 149
TABLE 92 LIST OF TOP 50 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST SOCIOECONOMIC RISK
BASED ON GINI INDEX, 2014 150
REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER PREDICTION AND RESPONSE 151
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECTS 152
EARTHQUAKES 152
MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT 152
LANDSLIDES 154
CHAPTER 10 ENERGY INDUSTRIES FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS 158
TABLE 93 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING ENERGY INDUSTRIES,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 158
TABLE 94 ENERGY RESOURCES OF THE 10 LARGEST COUNTRIES, 2015 159
TABLE 95 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING MAXIMUM ENERGY, 2014 (KILOTONS
OF OIL EQUIVALENT) 159
TABLE 96 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING MINIMUM ENERGY, 2014 (KILOTONS
OF OIL EQUIVALENT) 160
TABLE 97 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST PER CAPITA ENERGY USE,
2014 (KG OF OIL EQUIVALENT PER CAPITA) 161
TABLE 98 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH LOWEST PER CAPITA ENERGY USE,
2014 (KG OF OIL EQUIVALENT PER CAPITA) 161
TABLE 99 LIST OF TOP 25 USERS OF COAL FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2015 (MILLION
KILOWATT HOURS) 162
TABLE 100 COAL(4) RENTS, 2014 (% OF GDP) 163
TABLE 101 LIST OF TOP 25 USERS OF OIL FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2014 (MILLION
KILOWATT HOURS) 163
TABLE 102 CRUDE OIL RENTS, 2014 (% OF GDP) 165
TABLE 103 LIST OF TOP 25 USERS OF NATURAL GAS FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2014
(MILLION KILOWATT HOURS) 165
TABLE 104 NATURAL GAS RENTS, 2014 (% OF GDP) 167
ENERGY-RELATED PROJECTS 167
ENERGY EXPLORATION 167
NATURAL GAS 170
COAL 171
CHAPTER 11 FORESTRY FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS 174
TABLE 105 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING FORESTRY, THROUGH
2021 ($ MILLIONS) 174
TABLE 106 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN 100,000 SQ KM OF FOREST 174
TABLE 107 LIST OF COUNTRIES WHERE FOREST RENTS EXCEED 2% OF GDP IN
2014 176
FORESTRY-RELATED PROJECTS 177
FIRE CONTROL 177
FOREST MANAGEMENT 179
CHAPTER 12 HYDROLOGY FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS 184
TABLE 108 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING HYDROLOGY, THROUGH
2021 ($ MILLIONS) 184
TABLE 109 COUNTRIES WITH THE 50 LONGEST RIVER SYSTEMS IN 2014 (KM) 184
HYDROLOGY-RELATED RESEARCH 187
RIVER SYSTEMS 187
RUNOFF 189
GROUNDWATER 190
CHAPTER 13 INFRASTRUCTURE FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS 193
TABLE 110 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING CARTOGRAPHY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 193
TABLE 111 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING
INFRASTRUCTURE-RELATED ACTIVITIES, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 194
TABLE 112 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING CODE ENFORCEMENT,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 195
TABLE 113 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 196
TABLE 114 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING LAND PLANNING,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 197
TABLE 115 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING RIGHT OF WAY
INSPECTIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 198
TABLE 116 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING DOMESTIC WATER* 199
TABLE 117 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING INDUSTRIAL WATER* 199
TABLE 118 LIST OF TOP 50 COUNTRIES WITH ACCESS TO IMPROVED WATER AND
SANITATION, 2014 200
TABLE 119 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION AND
TRANSMISSION IN 2014 202
TABLE 120 GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE BY COUNTRY, 2014
(THOUSAND KM) 202
RESEARCHERS' RELATED PROJECTS 204
CHAPTER 14 OCEANOGRAPHY FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS 207
TABLE 121 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING OCEANOGRAPHY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 207
TABLE 122 GLOBAL COASTLINES BY COUNTRY (KM) 208
OCEANOGRAPHY-RELATED PROJECTS 211
FISHERIES 211
OCEANOGRAPHY 214
CORAL REEFS 215
CHAPTER 15 SECURITY FORECASTS, SUPPORTING DATA AND PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS 218
TABLE 123 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING SECURITY OPERATIONS,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 218
TABLE 124 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING BORDER PROTECTION,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 219
TABLE 125 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING HERITAGE SITE
PROTECTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 220
TABLE 126 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING INTELLIGENCE
GATHERING, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 220
TABLE 127 GLOBAL INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE BY
COUNTRY, 2014 221
SECURITY-RELATED PROJECTS 223
CHAPTER 16 APPENDIX A: NATURAL RESOURCES 225
TABLE 128 NATURAL RESOURCES BY COUNTRY 225
CHAPTER 17 APPENDIX B: ABSTRACTS OF 21ST-CENTURY REMOTE SENSING
PATENTS 236
CHAPTER 18 APPENDIX C: MAJOR REMOTE SENSING RESEARCH PROGRAMS 247
TABLE 129 MAJOR REMOTE SENSING RESEARCH PROGRAMS ACTIVE BY COUNTRY,
2015 247

LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS BY PLATFORM,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 9
TABLE 31 LIST OF JAPANESE REMOTE SENSING ORGANIZATIONS 12
TABLE 2 BANDS COMMONLY USED IN REMOTE SENSING 14
TABLE 3 SEISMIC SENSORS (VOLT/METER) 15
TABLE 4 APPLICATIONS FOR INFRASONIC SYSTEMS 16
TABLE 5 RADAR BANDS 19
TABLE 6 RESOLUTION AND PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND PENETRATING
RADAR 20
TABLE 7 RECENT U.S. PATENTS ISSUED FOR REMOTE SENSING-RELATED
INVENTIONS, AUG. 2011-NOV. 2015 22
TABLE 8 COST CONSIDERATIONS BY TYPE OF PLATFORM* 24
TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST BY TYPE OF PLATFORM, THROUGH 2021 ($
MILLIONS) 25
TABLE 10 NASA MANNED AIRBORNE PLATFORMS 26
TABLE 11 NOAA MANNED AIRBORNE PLATFORMS 26
TABLE 12 COUNTRIES OPERATING RESEARCH VESSELS 27
TABLE 13 U.S. ACADEMIC VESSELS* 28
TABLE 14 LIST OF ARGOS MEMBERS 29
TABLE 15 NEPTUNE CANADA INSTRUMENT LOCATIONS 30
TABLE 16 NEPTUNE CANADA INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES 31
TABLE 17 SPACE FARING NATIONS 31
TABLE 18 LIST OF SPACE-BASED LAND OBSERVATION PLATFORMS USED IN
AGRICULTURE* 32
TABLE 19 LIST OF SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES* 34
TABLE 20 LIST OF SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS FOR SNOW AND ICE STUDIES* 36
TABLE 21 LIST OF SATELLITES USED FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT* 36
TABLE 22 LIST OF SPACE-BASED REMOTE SENSING FOR HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES* 37
TABLE 23 LIST OF SPACE-BASED OCEAN OBSERVATION PLATFORMS* 38
TABLE 24 LIST OF SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS WITH SECURITY APPLICATIONS* 39
TABLE 25 EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS BY COUNTRY 40
TABLE 26 EARTH OBSERVATION MISSIONS BY SPONSOR 44
TABLE 27 AIRBORNE AND SPACE-BASED REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENT MISSION
ASSIGNMENTS 49
TABLE 28 C-MAN BASELINE DATASETS 59
TABLE 29 LIST OF GEOSS PARTICIPATING MEMBERS 65
TABLE 30 LIST OF GEOSS ORGANIZATIONS BY COUNTRY 67
TABLE 31 LIST OF JAPANESE REMOTE SENSING ORGANIZATIONS 69
TABLE 32 MEMBERSHIP OF THE NOAA ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON COMMERCIAL
REMOTE SENSING 73
TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET FOR REMOTE SENSING BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($
MILLIONS) 77
TABLE 34 GLOBAL FASTEST GROWING MARKET BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($
MILLIONS) 78
TABLE 35 GLOBAL APPLICATION-ORIENTED MARKET BY SIZE, THROUGH 2021 ($
MILLIONS) 79
TABLE 36 GLOBAL APPLICATION-ORIENTED MARKET BY GROWTH, THROUGH 2021 ($
MILLIONS) 79
TABLE 37 LIST OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES BY SURFACE AND LAND AREA, 2016 (MILLION
SQ KM) 80
TABLE 38 NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE 10 LARGEST AREA NATIONS, 2015 82
TABLE 39 LIST OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
CAPABILITY*, 2000 ($ MILLIONS) 84
TABLE 40 NUMBER OF INTERNET USERS OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH TELECOM
ACCESS, 2014 85
TABLE 41 NUMBER OF WIRED BROADBAND SUBSCRIBERS OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES
WITH TELECOM ACCESS, 2015 85
TABLE 42 NUMBER OF LAND LINE SUBSCRIBERS OF TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH
TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE, 2015 86
TABLE 43 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST NUMBER OF TERTIARY EDUCATED
WORKERS, 2015 87
TABLE 44 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF RESIDENT PATENT
APPLICATIONS: MOST INNOVATIVE WORKFORCES, 2014 87
TABLE 45 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF R&D TECHNICIANS,
2015 (MILLIONS OF POPULATION) 88
TABLE 46 TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST NUMBER OF RESEARCHERS IN R &D,
2015 (MILLIONS OF POPULATION) 88
TABLE 47 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PREPAREDNESS RANKING, 2015 89
TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET OF APPLICATION AREAS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 91
TABLE 49 LARGEST MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 93
TABLE 50 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN AGRICULTURE BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 93
TABLE 51 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN CLIMATE RESEARCH BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 97
TABLE 52 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN CLIMATE
RESEARCH BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 97
TABLE 53 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 98
TABLE 54 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 99
TABLE 55 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN ENERGY INDUSTRIES BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 100
TABLE 56 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN ENERGY
INDUSTRIES BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 101
TABLE 57 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN FORESTRY BY COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 102
TABLE 58 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN FORESTRY BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 103
TABLE 59 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN HYDROLOGY BY COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 60 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN HYDROLOGY BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 61 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN INFRASTRUCTURE BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 105
TABLE 62 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN INFRASTRUCTURE
BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 106
TABLE 63 LARGEST MARKETS FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING OCEANOGRAPHY BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 107
TABLE 64 FASTEST GROWING MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING
OCEANOGRAPHY BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 108
TABLE 65 LARGEST MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN SECURITY BY COUNTRY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 109
TABLE 66 FASTEST GROWING MARKETS FOR REMOTE SENSING IN SECURITY BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 109
TABLE 67 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE, THROUGH
2021 ($ MILLIONS) 112
TABLE 68 LAND SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE (MILLION SQ KM) 112
TABLE 69 REGIONS WITH BELOW AVERAGE CEREAL YIELD, 2014 (KG PER HECTARE) 113
TABLE 70 TOP TWO REMOTE SENSING MARKETS BY PERMANENT CROPLAND (SQ KM) 113
TABLE 71 TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING AGRICULTURAL WATER, 2014 (BILLION CUBIC
METERS) 114
TABLE 72 GLOBAL DATA FOR UNDER NOURISHMENT VERSUS WEALTH BY COUNTRY,
2014 (KILOCALORIES PER PERSON PER DAY/GDP PER CAPITA $) 115
TABLE 73 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING CLIMATE RESEARCH BY
COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 127
TABLE 74 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING IN CLIMATE RESEARCH
STUDIES BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 128
TABLE 75 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING EXTREME WEATHER
FORECASTING BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 128
TABLE 76 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN 90% DEPENDENCY ON FOSSIL
FUELS, 2015 (%) 129
TABLE 77 TOP 25 USERS OF COAL FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2015 (MILLION KILOWATT
HOURS) 131
TABLE 78 TOP 25 USERS OF NATURAL GAS FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2015 (MILLION
KILOWATT HOURS) 131
TABLE 79 TOP 25 USERS OF OIL FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2015 (MILLION KILOWATT
HOURS) 132
TABLE 80 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN $1 BILLION IN CO2 DAMAGE, 2014
($ BILLIONS) 133
TABLE 81 TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH CO2 EMISSIONS FROM GASEOUS FUEL
COMBUSTION, 2015 (KILOTONS) 134
TABLE 82 TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH CO2 EMISSIONS FROM LIQUID FUEL
COMBUSTION (KILOTONS) 134
TABLE 83 TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH CO2 EMISSIONS FROM SOLID FUEL
COMBUSTION, 2015 (KILOTONS) 135
TABLE 84 LIST OF COUNTRIES WHERE ADJUSTED SAVINGS RELATED TO CARBON
DIOXIDE EXCEEDS 1% OF GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, 2015 (%) 136
TABLE 85 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING DISASTER MANAGEMENT,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 144
TABLE 86 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING DISASTER RESPONSE,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 145
TABLE 87 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING PUBLIC HEALTH,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 145
TABLE 88 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST RISK FROM DROUGHTS, FLOODS AND
EXTREME TEMPERATURES, 2014 (%) 147
TABLE 89 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH DOUBLE ANNUAL RAINFALL, 2014* 148
TABLE 90 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH ONE-THIRD LAND BELOW 5 METERS, 2015* 148
TABLE 91 LIST OF TOP 50 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST SOCIOECONOMIC RISK BASED
ON POVERTY GAP, 2014* (%) 149
TABLE 92 LIST OF TOP 50 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST SOCIOECONOMIC RISK BASED
ON GINI INDEX, 2014 150
TABLE 93 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING ENERGY INDUSTRIES,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 158
TABLE 94 ENERGY RESOURCES OF THE 10 LARGEST COUNTRIES, 2015 159
TABLE 95 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING MAXIMUM ENERGY, 2014 (KILOTONS
OF OIL EQUIVALENT) 159
TABLE 96 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING MINIMUM ENERGY, 2014 (KILOTONS OF
OIL EQUIVALENT) 160
TABLE 97 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST PER CAPITA ENERGY USE,
2014 (KG OF OIL EQUIVALENT PER CAPITA) 161
TABLE 98 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH LOWEST PER CAPITA ENERGY USE, 2014
(KG OF OIL EQUIVALENT PER CAPITA) 161
TABLE 99 LIST OF TOP 25 USERS OF COAL FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2015 (MILLION
KILOWATT HOURS) 162
TABLE 100 COAL(4) RENTS, 2014 (% OF GDP) 163
TABLE 101 LIST OF TOP 25 USERS OF OIL FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2014 (MILLION
KILOWATT HOURS) 163
TABLE 102 CRUDE OIL RENTS, 2014 (% OF GDP) 165
TABLE 103 LIST OF TOP 25 USERS OF NATURAL GAS FOR ELECTRIC POWER, 2014
(MILLION KILOWATT HOURS) 165
TABLE 104 NATURAL GAS RENTS, 2014 (% OF GDP) 167
TABLE 105 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING FORESTRY, THROUGH
2021 ($ MILLIONS) 174
TABLE 106 LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN 100,000 SQ KM OF FOREST 174
TABLE 107 LIST OF COUNTRIES WHERE FOREST RENTS EXCEED 2% OF GDP IN 2014 176
TABLE 108 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING HYDROLOGY, THROUGH
2021 ($ MILLIONS) 184
TABLE 109 COUNTRIES WITH THE 50 LONGEST RIVER SYSTEMS IN 2014 (KM) 184
TABLE 110 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING CARTOGRAPHY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 193
TABLE 111 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING
INFRASTRUCTURE-RELATED ACTIVITIES, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 194
TABLE 112 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING CODE ENFORCEMENT,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 195
TABLE 113 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 196
TABLE 114 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING LAND PLANNING,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 197
TABLE 115 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING RIGHT OF WAY
INSPECTIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 198
TABLE 116 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING DOMESTIC WATER* 199
TABLE 117 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES USING INDUSTRIAL WATER* 199
TABLE 118 LIST OF TOP 50 COUNTRIES WITH ACCESS TO IMPROVED WATER AND
SANITATION, 2014 200
TABLE 119 LIST OF TOP 25 COUNTRIES WITH ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION AND
TRANSMISSION IN 2014 202
TABLE 120 GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE BY COUNTRY, 2014
(THOUSAND KM) 202
TABLE 121 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING OCEANOGRAPHY,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 207
TABLE 122 GLOBAL COASTLINES BY COUNTRY (KM) 208
TABLE 123 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING SECURITY OPERATIONS,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 218
TABLE 124 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING BORDER PROTECTION,
THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 219
TABLE 125 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING HERITAGE SITE
PROTECTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 220
TABLE 126 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRODUCTS SUPPORTING INTELLIGENCE
GATHERING, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) 220
TABLE 127 GLOBAL INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE BY COUNTRY,
2014 221
TABLE 128 NATURAL RESOURCES BY COUNTRY 225
TABLE 129 MAJOR REMOTE SENSING RESEARCH PROGRAMS ACTIVE BY COUNTRY,
2015 247

LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS BY
PLATFORM, 2015-2021 ($ MILLIONS) 9
FIGURE 1 THE ESA EARTH OBSERVATION PORTAL 56