From 2013 to 2023, the clothing and footwear expenditure in the Netherlands, measured as a unit of GDP, has exhibited notable fluctuations. From 2013 to 2019, the values fluctuated around 2.2 to 2.4 before a significant drop to 1.9 in 2020, likely due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While there was a modest recovery in 2021 and 2022, expenditure decreased again in 2023. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the past five years has been -1.89%, highlighting a declining trend.

Looking ahead, the forecast from 2024 to 2028 suggests a stagnant or slight downward trend with values stabilizing around 2 and 1.9. The projected five-year CAGR is -1.02%, with an overall forecasted growth rate of -5% by 2028.

Future trends to watch for:

Consumer behavior shifts post-pandemic impacting spending on clothing and footwear.
Potential influence of sustainability and ethical fashion movements on expenditure.
Economic conditions and disposable income levels as key determinants of spending.
Technological advances in fashion retail influencing buying patterns.