In 2023, Portugal led European R&D expenditure in coke and refined products manufacturing, with a dramatic increase of 53.62% from the previous year, reaching 3.3 euros per capita. Italy followed with a modest 1.66 euros per capita, reflecting a small 2.21% increase. Sweden and Poland exhibited slight year-on-year changes, maintaining relatively stable expenditure levels. The Czech Republic experienced a notable increase of 7.89%, while Hungary remained stagnant at a negligible 0.002 euros per capita. Spain trailed with 0.33 euros per capita, showing limited growth in expenditure.
Future trends to watch include technological advancements driving R&D investment, regulatory changes influencing market dynamics, and shifts towards sustainable practices potentially impacting expenditure distribution across countries.
Top countries in Business Expenditure on R&D in Coke and Refined Products Manufacturing by Country
| # | 7 Countries | Euros Per Capita | Last Year | YoY | 5-years CAGR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Portugal | 3.3 | 2023 | +10.73% | +53.62% | View data |
| 2 | 2 Italy | 1.66 | 2023 | +3.23% | +2.21% | View data |
| 3 | 3 Sweden | 0.8 | 2023 | +17.87% | View data | |
| 4 | 4 Poland | 0.71 | 2023 | +18.73% | +6.1% | View data |
| 5 | 5 Spain | 0.33 | 2021 | View data | ||
| 6 | 6 Czech Republic | 0.13 | 2023 | +16.67% | +7.89% | View data |
| 7 | 7 Hungary | 0.002 | 2021 | View data |
