In 2023, business enterprise R&D expenditure in the manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products in Germany was approximately EUR 149.2 million. Forecast data from 2024 to 2028 indicates a gradual annual increase. The year-on-year growth rates are as follows: 2024 by 1.88%, 2025 by 1.94%, 2026 by 1.86%, 2027 by 1.78%, and 2028 by 1.70%. The 5-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is projected at around 1.83%, suggesting steady but moderate growth in R&D investment in this sector.
Future trends to watch for include:
- Technological advancements in refining processes aiming for higher efficiency.
- Increased pressure to innovate for sustainability and emissions reduction.
- Potential influence of geopolitical factors on the energy sector.
- Evolving regulatory frameworks impacting R&D priorities.
