From 2024 to 2028, Italy's higher education expenditure on R&D is forecasted to remain constant at 0.32% of GDP. This static trend reflects no variation year-on-year or even over the two-year analysis period, indicating a stable commitment without growth in investment relative to GDP. The lack of change over the five-year forecast leads to a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 0%, underscoring the absence of planned increases in funding or adjustment according to GDP changes.

Future trends to watch for:

Potential policy shifts that may increase R&D investment in higher education.
Global economic factors that could pressure Italy to adjust its R&D expenditure.
Innovation and technology trends driving demand for increased R&D investment.