In Italy, business enterprise expenditure on R&D was 0.80% of GDP in 2023. Forecasts indicate a gradual decline from 0.81% in 2024 to 0.76% in 2028. This represents a consistent year-on-year decrease of approximately 1-2% annually. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the five-year forecast period suggests a slight negative trend in R&D investment relative to GDP.

Key future trends to watch include:

The impact of government policies aimed at stimulating innovation and increasing private sector participation in R&D.
Potential changes in global economic conditions that might influence investment in research activities.
Technological advancements and industry-specific transformations that could alter R&D landscape.