In 2023, fresh groundwater abstraction for cooling purposes in France's electricity production sector stood above 1.7 million cubic meters. Forecasts indicate a significant downward trend from 2024 to 2028, with values decreasing from 1.7 million in 2024 to 0.57 million cubic meters by 2028.

Year-on-year variation highlights a consistent decline: from 2024 to 2025, a decrease of approximately 16.47%; from 2025 to 2026, around 20.42%; from 2026 to 2027, roughly 24.78%; and from 2027 to 2028, about 32.94%. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for this period is estimated to be negative, signaling a steady reduction in groundwater use.

Future trends to watch for:

Technological advancements in alternative cooling technologies.
Increased regulatory pressures on groundwater use for environmental sustainability.
Potential shifts in energy production methods reducing water dependency.