In 2023, Portugal led in R&D expenditure for Coke and Refined Products Manufacturing in Europe, relative to GDP. Italy and Poland showed modest growth, while spending in Sweden remained stable. The Czech Republic saw a complete cessation of investment. Portugal's R&D expenditure grew significantly by over 51% year-on-year, while Italy and Poland reported slight increases. Over the last five years, there has been varied growth across these countries. Looking ahead:
- Monitoring Portugal's continued R&D momentum could reveal insights for investment strategies.
- Italy and Poland may sustain their upward trends if industry growth persists.
- Potential recovery or further decline in the Czech Republic could impact regional dynamics.
Top countries in Business Expenditure on R&D in Coke and Refined Products Manufacturing by Country
| # | 7 Countries | Percent of GDP | Last Year | YoY | 5-years CAGR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Portugal | 0.016 | 2023 | +14.29% | +51.57% | View data |
| 2 | 2 Italy | 0.006 | 2023 | 0% | +3.71% | View data |
| 3 | 3 Poland | 0.005 | 2023 | +25% | +4.56% | View data |
| 4 | 4 Sweden | 0.002 | 2023 | +100% | View data | |
| 5 | 5 Czech Republic | 0.001 | 2023 | View data | ||
| 6 | 6 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.001 | 2021 | View data | ||
| 7 | 7 Spain | 0.001 | 2021 | View data |
