In 2023, the actual business expenditure on R&D in telecommunications in Spain stood at 1.05 units. From 2013 to 2023, the trend illustrates a continuous decline in R&D expenditure, with some minor fluctuations. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over this decade is a significant negative, reflecting persistent reductions in spending. Year-on-year variations have been notably negative overall, with the most substantial decreases appearing in recent years, particularly a -9.48% drop in 2023.
Forecasted data indicate a further steep decline, with a forecast 5-year CAGR of -11.35% from 2024 to 2028, culminating in a predicted 45.26% reduction by 2028. Future trends will need to look out for potential technological shifts, regulatory changes, or economic conditions that might alter this dwindling investment pattern.
