The forecasted higher education expenditure on R&D in Italy shows a steady increasing trend from 2024 to 2028, reflecting a projected compound annual growth rate in expenditure. In 2023, the expenditure stood lower than the forecasted 1.61 value indicated for 2024, showing positive year-on-year changes, with values increasing yearly.

Future trends to watch for:

Increasing public and private sector investments in higher education R&D to foster innovation.
Potential impact of technology-driven methodologies enhancing R&D outcomes.
The influence of policy changes or new regulations boosting R&D allocations.