In 2023, the Netherlands stands out as the highest contributor of cooling water discharged to marine waters in Europe with 6.04 billion cubic meters, although it saw a slight decrease of 0.53% from the previous year. Finland follows with 4.6 billion cubic meters, experiencing a year-on-year decrease of 1.7%. Malta, Spain, and Bulgaria show reductions as well, with decreases of 4.48%, 2.27%, and 4.56% respectively. Conversely, Croatia and Estonia are exceptions, with minor increases of 0.066% and 5.92%.
Looking ahead, key trends influencing total cooling water discharge in Europe include environmental regulations, technological advancements in cooling systems, and shifts towards sustainable and renewable energy sources. Countries anticipate various levels of recovery or decline depending on policy shifts and environmental considerations.
Top countries in Total Cooling Water Discharged to Marine Waters by Country
| # | 7 Countries | Million Cubic Meters | Last Year | YoY | 5-years CAGR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Netherlands | 6,040 | 2023 | +0.16% | -0.53% | View data |
| 2 | 2 Finland | 4,600 | 2023 | -2.2% | -1.7% | View data |
| 3 | 3 Malta | 179.04 | 2023 | -0.82% | -4.48% | View data |
| 4 | 4 Spain | 107 | 2023 | -2.73% | -2.27% | View data |
| 5 | 5 Croatia | 90.95 | 2023 | -0.022% | +0.066% | View data |
| 6 | 6 Estonia | 5.88 | 2023 | +5.38% | +5.92% | View data |
| 7 | 7 Bulgaria | 0.25 | 2023 | +4.17% | +4.56% | View data |
