The gross available energy from lubricants in Italy is forecasted to increase slightly from -5580 gigawatt hours in 2024 to -5500 gigawatt hours by 2028. This reflects a gradual decrease in negative energy values, indicating a potential shift towards more efficient energy usage or production methods. The average annual growth rate (CAGR) between 2024 and 2028 is modest, but consistent in reducing the energy deficit.

Future trends to watch for include:

Advancements in lubricant technologies that further enhance energy efficiency.
Government and industry initiatives aimed at sustainability and energy optimization.
Market shifts driven by changes in environmental regulations and consumer preferences.