In 2023, the higher education expenditure on R&D in all fields in Poland stood at 16.05 billion Zloty. According to the forecasted data for 2024-2028, there is a consistent year-on-year increase in expenditure: 2024 (17.34 billion Zloty), 2025 (18.74 billion Zloty), 2026 (20.12 billion Zloty), 2027 (21.49 billion Zloty), and 2028 (22.84 billion Zloty). The percentage variations year-on-year show an increasing trend: 2024 (+8.0%), 2025 (+8.1%), 2026 (+7.4%), 2027 (+6.8%), 2028 (+6.3%). The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) over this five-year period is 7.3%.
Future trends to watch for include emerging technologies influencing research focus areas, potential changes in government funding policies, and the impact of international collaborations. Market disruptions such as economic instability or policy changes could also affect the projected growth in R&D expenditures.
