In 2023, the labor costs in Japan's sewerage, waste collection, and related services stood at 1.601 trillion yen. The forecast data from 2024 to 2028 indicates a gradual decline, with costs expected to decrease from 1.597 trillion yen to 1.5747 trillion yen.

The year-on-year variation shows a consistent decrease in labor costs over these years, reflecting a slight reduction trend. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the five-year forecast is negative, suggesting a persistent downward trend in labor costs in this sector.

Future trends to watch for:

Automation and digital transformation may continue to reduce manpower requirements, affecting labor costs.
Environmental regulations could necessitate higher investment, influencing costs.
Monitoring demographic shifts, as labor market changes may impact wage dynamics.