As of 2023, the coke and refined petroleum products manufacturing sector in France recorded actual labor hours of approximately 12.34 million. Forecast data reveals a downward trend from 2024 through 2028, with labor hours decreasing annually. From 2024 to 2025, there is a marginal decline of around 0.81%, followed by a similar 0.82% reduction each subsequent year until 2028. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for this period indicates a steady average decrease of 0.79% per year over five years.

Future trends to watch for:

Technological advancements leading to further automation and efficiency improvements, impacting labor demand.
Global energy transitions affecting industry dynamics and employment patterns.
Regulatory changes related to environmental and sustainability standards.