In 2023, Germany led European higher education R&D expenditure, reaching 22.17 billion euros, followed by Italy and the Netherlands at 6.42 and 5.95 billion euros, respectively. Year-on-year growth was most notable in Lithuania and Slovenia, with increases of 8.83% and 6.32%, respectively. Overall, Northern European countries like Finland and the Baltic states showcased relatively conservative spending. Over the last five years, the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) has varied, reflecting differing national R&D priorities.
Looking ahead, countries within the EU are expected to emphasize digital transformation, sustainability, and green technologies, potentially shifting R&D trajectories. Continued collaboration between nations and increased EU funding could further drive expenditure on innovative educational research projects.
Top countries in Higher Education Expenditure on R&D in All Fields by Country
| # | 10 Countries | Million Euros | Last Year | YoY | 5-years CAGR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Germany | 22,170 | 2023 | +3.5% | +3.8% | View data |
| 2 | 2 Italy | 6,420 | 2023 | +1.5% | +2.22% | View data |
| 3 | 3 Netherlands | 5,950 | 2023 | +2.85% | +5.36% | View data |
| 4 | 4 Spain | 5,160 | 2023 | +6.19% | +5.5% | View data |
| 5 | 5 Finland | 1,800 | 2023 | +2.07% | +2.13% | View data |
| 6 | 6 Portugal | 1,260 | 2023 | +2.36% | +1.81% | View data |
| 7 | 7 Slovakia | 235.77 | 2023 | +2.11% | +5.28% | View data |
| 8 | 8 Lithuania | 233.91 | 2023 | +3.33% | +8.83% | View data |
| 9 | 9 Estonia | 197.99 | 2023 | +3.33% | +3.98% | View data |
| 10 | 10 Slovenia | 144.49 | 2023 | +2.57% | +6.32% | View data |
