In 2023, the actual water utility labor cost per employee full-time equivalent (FTE) in Italy stood at approximately 66.9 thousand euros. From 2024 onwards, the forecast shows a steady increase: 67.6 in 2024, 68.4 in 2025, 69.1 in 2026, 69.8 in 2027, and 70.5 thousand euros in 2028. The year-on-year variation is moderate, averaging around 1.3% annually between 2024 and 2028, reflecting consistent growth in labor costs. Over the five-year period, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is approximately 1.3%.
Future trends to watch for include:
- Potential impact of technological advancements on labor efficiency in the water utility sector.
- Regulatory changes in employment and labor costs that could affect the trend.
- Evolving economic conditions in Italy that may alter inflation and wage growth patterns.
