In 2023, Italy's non-renewable industrial waste gross heat production was notably lower than the forecasted values for 2024 onwards. The forecast predicts a steady increase from 2024 through 2028, with each year witnessing typically around a 3% year-on-year rise, gradually reaching 355.9 Terajoules by 2028. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) projected for this period is approximately 3.0%, highlighting moderate but consistent growth in heat production from industrial waste.

Future trends to watch for:

Technological advancements aiming for higher efficiency in waste-to-energy conversions may alter forecasts.
Environmental policies and shifts towards renewable resources will impact non-renewable waste utilization.
Market dynamics, including energy demand fluctuations and economic conditions.