From 2013 to 2023, the share of scientific publications involving international collaboration in biotechnology in Spain increased from 28.04 to 41.27 units. Over the last two years (2022-2023), the year-on-year variation was 2.43%, reflecting a consistent upward trend. The five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2019 to 2023 was 1.65%, indicating steady improvement.

Future trends to watch for:

Continued growth in international collaboration, projected to reach 45.73 units by 2028.
The forecasted 5-year CAGR from 2024 to 2028 is 1.61%, translating to a total growth rate of 8.33%, suggesting an ongoing trend of increased international cooperation.
Technological advancements and policy changes might further boost international partnerships in biotechnology research.