In 2023, Indonesia's total patents on environmental technologies stood at 6.28 units. Observing the data from 2013 to 2023, a visible declining trend is evident, particularly from 2018 onward. The year-on-year variation in 2022 was -4.10%, and in 2023 it was -4.12%. Over the last two years, the consistent decline in units points to stagnation or reduced innovation within this sector. The CAGR over the last five years shows an average annual decrease of -3.65%. The projected five-year growth rate through 2028 is -16.97%, indicating continued contraction.
Future trends to watch for include government initiatives or policy changes aimed at boosting green technologies, collaborations between academia and industry to spur innovation, and potential foreign investment aimed at advancing environmental technologies. These factors could counteract the current declining trend and revitalise patent activity in this domain.