From the data provided, it is clear that from 2024 to 2028, fossil energy consumption in Italy's mining and quarrying sector is projected to decline slightly. In 2023, consumption stood at 1.12 Thousand Gigawatthours, and by 2028, it is expected to decrease to 1.05. This represents gradual year-on-year decreases, with a cumulative average growth rate (CAGR) indicating a slight annual reduction in fossil energy consumption over the five years.

In terms of future trends:

The ongoing shift towards sustainable and renewable energy sources is likely to further influence the decline in fossil energy usage.
Regulatory pressures and advancements in energy efficiency technologies could accelerate the transition.
The economic and policy incentives in fostering cleaner energy solutions are pivotal areas to monitor closely.