The total gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) in Italy saw a consistent upward trend from 2013 to 2023, standing at 24,270 persons in 2023. This reflects steady year-on-year increases, with a slight decrease in the rate of growth over the years. Notably, the average variation per year over the last five years (CAGR) was around 1.52%.

From 2024 onwards, all data points are forecasts. The forecasted data suggests continued growth in R&D expenditure, although at a slightly declining compound annual growth rate of 1.01% over the next five years. By 2028, the total R&D expenditure is projected to reach 25.86 thousand persons, reflecting a forecasted 5.13% growth rate over this period.

Future trends to watch for:

Continued governmental and private sector investment in R&D to drive innovation.
Potential impacts of economic policies and global trends on funding for R&D activities.
Technological advancements and their influence on R&D expenditure.