The self-employed workforce in Italy’s coke and refined petroleum products manufacturing sector demonstrates a downward trend from 2024 to 2028. Forecasted figures show a consistent decline: 180.0 (2024), 170.0 (2025), 160.0 (2026), 140.0 (2027), and 130.0 (2028), expressed in thousand hours. From 2024, the anticipated annual decrease ranges approximately from 5.6% to 7.1%, with a five-year CAGR indicating a moderate average reduction annually through 2028.
Future trends to watch include potential impacts from regulatory changes, technological advancements in renewable energy, and fluctuating global oil prices, all of which could further influence demand for self-employment in this sector.
